DAS Midterm

South Africa was ruled by the white minority, ______ of the population until recently.

10%

In the next 50 years, the total percentage of minority-group Americans is projected to increase to:

50%

According to the authors, a fundamental question for our future is:

???

The minority groups in the textbook are presented in order from ______ to ______.

???

Which of the following situations illustrates a double bind?

A woman is labeled as irrational when she cries in public and labeled as cold when she doesn't

Which minority group is the most acculturated?

African Americans

A major point in Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma is that:

Americans learn norms of fairness and justice along with norms that condone or demand unequal treatment based on group membership

Which of the following represent the two types of stereotypes?

An African American is described as being lazy, irresponsible, and not intelligent A Chinese American is described as being very crafty, too sly, or too ambitious

How did apartheid in South Africa compare to the Jim Crow system in the United States?

Apartheid was more repressive and unequal

The two groups projected to increase dramatically in the United States over the next half century are:

Asian and Pacific Islanders and Hispanic Americans

The two largest racial groups on the island of Hawaii are:

Asians and Japanese Americans

The worst violence occurred in the former Yugoslavian country of:

Bosnia

Which fact illustrates that Western society places more weight on the education of males?

Boys are called on more in class

The Boer war was a fight between

British and the Dutch in South Africa

Which two conditions of the Noel hypothesis were not present in the initial contact situation between Europeans and Hawaiian Islanders?

Competition and power differential

Which Yugoslavian group was closely aligned with the Nazis during World War II?

Croats

Which statement accurately reflects the role of diversity in U.S. society?

Diversity is a fundamental and essential characteristic of U.S. society and can be a strength to be cherished and encouraged

Which statement accurately reflects the role of diversity in U.S. society?

Diversity is a fundamental and essential characteristic of U.S. society and can be a strength to be cherished and encouraged.

Horrors in Rwanda were magnified by:

European colonialism

The initial settlement of South Africa by the Dutch resembled the:

European movement into North America

What are two general stereotypes of minority groups?

Extreme inferiority and power and status differences

Which of the following is not an example of a cultural trait that may be associated with minority status?

Facial features

According to sociologist Judith Lorber, which type of feminists fought for rape crisis centers and battered women's shelters?

Gender resistance

Which of the following theories argues that status attainment is a direct result of educational levels, personal values, and skills?

Human capital theory

In which career has the percentage of females increased dramatically since 1983?

Lawyer

Which statement regarding sexual assault and the military is accurate?

Males in the military have reported more unwanted sexual contact from other men than women have.

"The elite segments of American society are using prejudice and racism to manipulate the thoughts and ideas of minority groups and to brainwash them into accepting their position in society." This statement is most consistent with:

Marxist analysis

Some research suggests prejudice is declining in the United States. What suggests it might not be declining?

Modern racism Hate crimes

A study of Princeton University undergraduates provided the following perspectives on the content of American stereotypes:

Negative and positive stereotypes can be applied to the same group. Willingness to stereotype seems to decline over the years. The attribution of some traits actually increased in the years between 1933 and 1967. All of the above

Which of the following best explains "irrational" forms of prejudice?

Personality-centered theories

Rosa was an Italian woman who immigrated to the United States in 1900 with her parents and sister. Which member of Rosa's family would most likely be completely assimilated?

Rosa's great granddaughter

Which of the following is an example of selective perception?

Seeing a Native American who is drinking in a bar but not noticing the Native American who is neatly dressed in a three-piece Armani suit Seeing the old man who pulls out on a freeway at 35 miles an hour while ignoring the good driver who happens to be elderly Not presuming that an NFL football player could be gay Assuming that the female doctor is really a nurse

According to your textbook, what factor(s) play a role in the origins of prejudice?

Socialization Competition

______ are exaggerated generalizations about groups of people and tend to be overly simplistic and difficult to prove.

Stereotypes

Italian speakers, French speakers, and German speakers are the three major groups of:

Swiss society

Which book sparked the women's liberation movement?

The Feminine Mystique

What was one expression of anti-immigrant prejudice and racism?

The National Origins Act of 1924

Which hypothesis can be literally and directly applied to LGBTs?

The Noel hypothesis

Which shift in subsistence technology resulted in the mass movement of people from Europe to the United States between 1820 and 1920?

The industrial revolution

Which gender-related issue would a third-wave feminist most likely be concerned with?

The standard male/female dichotomy

Apartheid was ended due to all but which of the following factors?

The white minority left South Africa.

Which statement best explains the reasons for peace in Switzerland?

There is no history of conquest or coercion among groups.

Women can be viewed as a minority group because:

They are physically identifiable as different from men and they have less property, prestige and power in our society

Which factors are intimately interlinked with (such that they mutually cause each other) European immigration to the United States?

U.S. industrialization and rise to global prominence

Which term is associated with the concept of intersectionality?

Womanist

Park felt that intergroup relations go through a predictable set of phases that he called:

a "race relations cycle"

The Malcom and Maria story clearly illustrates:

a combination of factors, including sex, may contribute to the differences in the lives of men and women

Which concept below best describes someone who is prejudiced and does discriminate?

an all weather bigot

The process of assimilation could be illustrated by:

an immigrant learning the language of her new country

Compared to Switzerland, Yugoslavia's contact situation was:

authoritarian

In Sherif's Robber's Cave experiment:

competition was isolated to games only

Race is seen as a ______ in Brazil.

continuum, dividing line non-factor

The change in values and norms associated with the positive view of masculine traits and the negative view of feminine traits is called:

cultural feminism

The Bogardus scale of social distance suggests that prejudice is based in:

culture

As employment became urbanized, women's and children's participation in the labor force:

declined

One problem with the scapegoat hypothesis is that it:

deemphasizes the economic, political, and social forces that shape behavior

According to the Noel hypothesis, the outcome of the contact situation is determined by:

differential in power

The unequal treatment of a group or individual based on his or her group membership is:

discrimination

A criticism of the authoritarian personality theory of prejudice is that it:

does not consider the social settings in which an individual is acting

According to Lenski's theory, inequality in a postindustrial society would center on control of:

educational opportunities and technologies

Marxism also explains group competition and prejudice by suggesting:

elites control the means of production and also the ideas and intellectual activity in a society

Gordon argued that the most significant structural unit within U.S. society was defined by the intersection of the religious/ethnic and social class boundaries. He called this the:

ethclass

All humans can choose their own forms of productive work, relationships, life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness without regard to their gender, race, or any other characteristic, describes the philosophy of:

gender rebellion feminism

Slavery ended __ in Brazil

gradually

Survival and success in America for all minority groups has had more to do with ______ than with ______.

group processes; individual motivation

Marxism is a theory of history and social change in which ______ is a central concept.

inequality

When entire groups are treated unfairly and unequally in the institutions of the larger society, this is called:

institutional discrimination

Social structure is divided into primary and secondary sectors. Primary sector refers to:

interpersonal relationships that are intimate and personal, such as families and friendship groups

Gender rebellion:

is the rejection of any label attached to sex

All of the following are limitations to a minority group's ability to pursue its own self-interest except:

large group size

When minority groups in a society are exploited and held in a powerless status by the dominant group, which of the following stereotypes is most likely to emerge about that minority group?

lazy

"The most important source of inequality arises from a person's relationship to the means of production." This statement might be heard from a:

marxist

Tiered wages and unionization favored:

men in the workplace

There is a greater stigma for:

men who engage in traditional female activities

The idea that racism is changing form to a more subtle way of expressing negative feelings is called:

modern racism

______ was elected as the first black President of South Africa.

nelson mandela

All of the cultures examined in the text have ______ traditions.

patriarchal

The doldrum period refers to:

post World War II period which found women in the suburban home with modern conveniences

Stereotypes vary by:

race gender class

Ethclass is defined by the intersection of:

religion, ethnic, and social class

The former Yugoslavia has a complex mix of:

religious and ethnic backgrounds

People classified as Asian and Pacific Islander:

represent many different national and linguistic backgrounds should never be mistaken for unchanging or "natural" divisions between people vary by social class, religion, gender, and in thousands of other ways

The right to resist child marriage and the right to access maternal health care are examples of ______ rights.

reproductive

A small-town experiences a wave of antiminority-group violence in the weeks following the announcement of massive layoffs at the local factory. These incidents would be consistent with the predictions of:

scapegoat hypothesis

Gender refers to:

social characteristics

Hartley (1946) demonstrated that there can be a generalized tendency to reject minority groups of all sorts and stereotypes can exist apart from any need to rationalize or justify dominant-group advantages when he found that:

some people will express prejudice against people who do not exist

The one common factor that seems to account for the origin of all prejudice is:

stereotypes

You hear someone say that "all women are bad drivers," "all Asians are smart," and "all Latinos drive low-riders." These are examples of:

stereotypes

A person sees a Mexican American male and assumes he is an illegal immigrant. This is an example of:

stereotyping

Which country has the fewest problems with dominant-minority relations?

sweden

Men who achieve faster in traditional female occupations are:

taking advantage of the glass elevator

The conditions under which the minority group and dominant group first come into contact with each other is referred to as:

the contact situation

All of the following events contributed to the end of apartheid except:

the election of Jacob Zuma as president

Gender socialization is:

the process by which kids are taught expectations for appropriate gender behaviors

Marx believed that conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat was inevitable and that the ultimate result of this class struggle would be:

the victory of the working class the creation of a utopian society without exploitation, coercion, or inequality a classless society

Apartheid lasted longer in South Africa mainly because:

there was little support for ending it among the ruling white minority resistance was illegal and enforced much resistance was from exile or external

Prejudice is to discrimination as:

thinking is to doing

Switzerland has a largely peaceful history, primarily due to:

three ethnic groups working together

One concern with the practice of family wages employed by Henry Ford was that it:

was based on an ideal family structure

Skin color is an important marker of group membership in our society because it:

was selected during a complex and lengthy historical process became important because we attributed significance to it