Database Design and Administation - Midterm Study Set
If a STUDENT entity is related to a bridge entity called ENROLL, and that bridge entity also included an ENROLL_GRADE attribute that is related to another parent entity called CLASS, what would the STUDENT cardinality be?
(1,1)
An index key can have multiple _____ (a composite index).
Attributes
In an entity relationship diagram with objects EMPLOYEE, DEPENDENT, CUSTOMER and PRODUCT, which of the following would be the most appropriate example of a derived entity?
DEPENDENT
Metadata is ____? - Raw data - Data about data - Filtered data - Refined data
Data about data
A _____ contains all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system.
Data dictionary
What would you define as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with real world events and conditions - Data integrity - Data anomaly - Data quality - Data ubiquity
Data integrity
True or False: A database design can deviate from normal standards when the database size is less than 100 MB.
False
If a weak relationship is required between COURSE and CLASS, then the CLASS object must have which of the following?
One foreign key and one primary key
M:N relationship can be changed into two 1:M relationships using a __________.
composite entity
Your manager has requested a report that gives them a global view of the entire database being used as the basis for the identification and high-level description of main data objects without model-specific details. Which model or schema would you provide them?
conceptual
When working in an ER model, what does each row in the relational table represent?
entity
In a school, every class should have one class teacher. A teacher can be a class teacher of only one class. What relationship exists between TEACHER and CLASS?
1:1
The _____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design.
1:1
When a company reorganizes its executive branch so executives can manage more than one division, the employee database will need to update its relationship between the EXECUTIVE and DIVISION tables to which of the following?
1:1 to 1:M
A car dealership has a table with cars on sale (uniquely identified by BIN number) and a table with its sales representatives. What kind is the relationship: "representative sold car"?
1:N
Within the database environment, a data model represents data structures and their attributes, relations, constraints, and transformations with the purpose of supporting a specific problem domain. Define "problem domain" in the context of data models. - A relatively simple and usually graphical representation of complex real-world objects or events - A clearly defined area within a real-world environment that will be systematically addressed - A blueprint containing all necessary instructions for building a database that will meet all end-user requirements - The process of creating a specific data model for a particular set of real-world data to be addressed
A clearly defined area within a real-world environment that will be systematically addressed
Which of the answers below is not one of the reasons a spreadsheet is not considered a database? - Spreadsheet does not support enforcement of data types or domains - A Spreadsheet does not support defined relationships among tables - A spreadsheet does not support self-documentation through metadata - A spreadsheet allows for the manipulation of data in a tabular format
A spreadsheet allows for the manipulation of data in a tabular format
In a M:N relationship between STUDENT and CLASS at a university, it is possible that a class may start with no students and a student may start with no classes. If a database designer is using the O symbol using the Chen model, what is the designer hoping to establish between these entities?
An optional relationship.
Complete the following statement: Business rules must ______. a. be rendered in writing b. be based only on end user perceptions c. include constraints d. represent many-to-many (M:N) relationships
Be rendered in writing
The movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web and sensor-generated data and derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost is referred to as "______" - NoSQL - Hadoop - Internet of Things - Big Data
Big Data
Jaiden is in the translation of business rules to data model components. How should he label the address attribute for an entity named CLIENT? a. BILLING_ADDRESS b. CLIENT_ADDRESS c. ADDRESS d. CLADD
CLIENT_ADDRESS
In a relationship between COURSE and CLASS, COURSE has attributes CRS_CODE, DEPT_CODE, and CSR_DESCRIPTION, and CLASS has CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, and ROOM_CODE. Which attribute would be an example of a foreign key?
CRS_CODE
Tess is working for a railway company and needs to create a diagram to depict the different working aspects of their reservation system such as passenger, ticket booking method, payment method, and ticket type. What notation would be the best way to visually showcase these components?
Class Diagram Notation
Which of the following types of HDFS nodes acts as the interface between the user application and the HDFS? - Client node - Name node - Map node - Data node
Client node
The database structure itself is stored as a _____? - Collection of files - Unlinked files - Collection of metadata - A single file
Collection of Files
If a company generates reports by city or state from its CUSTOMER table, a database designer should be cautious of attributes like ADDRESS because it does not separate the different details of a full address such as a city or state. What type of attributes would a database designer be cautious of and work on decomposing further for better querying?
Composite attributes
Your manager has requested a report that gives them a global view of the entire database being used as the basis for the identification and high-level description of main data objects without model-specific details. Which model or schema would you provide them? - External - Conceptual - Internal - Physical
Conceptual
In the context of data models, which of the following models emphasize a global view of data that is independent of the database model type? - Internal model - Conceptual model - External model - Physical model
Conceptual Model
Business rules that are properly written will define entities, attributes, relationships, and _____. - Classes - Fields - Constraints - Objects
Constraints
_____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity - Attributes - Constraints - Entities - Relationships
Constraints
Which of the options below happens when data redundancy is uncontrolled? - Data consistency - Good data security - Data-entry errors - Data integrity
Data-entry errors
Which of the answers below is an example of a singe-user database - Enterprise database - Office database - Desktop database - Workgroup database
Desktop database
Laurel is designing databases and begins with an abstract view of the overall data environment. As the design comes closer to implementation, where should Laurel place her focus? - Details - Entities - Schema - Relations
Details
When discovering new business rules, interviews with _____ are faster and more direct, but may be less reliable.
End Users
A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) ____ in the data model. - Entity - Constraint - Attribute - Relationship
Entity
A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model. a. attribute b. relationship c. constraint d. entity
Entity
A(n) _____ represents a particular type of object in the real world. a. attribute b. relationship c. entity d. node
Entity
True or False: A primary key can't be null, but it can contain null attributes.
False
True or False: A table is a three dimensional structure composed of depth, width, and height.
False
True or False: A weak relationship exists if the primary key of the related entity contains at least one primary key component of the parent entity.
False
True or False: An implementation-ready data model needn't necessarily contain enforceable rules to guarantee the integrity of the data
False
True or False: Data is the result of interpreting facts to reveal meaning
False
True or False: Elizabeth is utilizing object-oriented modeling (OOM) when collecting data about animals. She needs to define entity templates and their associated instances and subclasses. What method should she incorporate?
False
True or False: If the entity COURSE is related to the entity CLASS, then it is only necessary to determine the connectivity of the relationship from COURSE to CLASS.
False
True or False: In Chen Notation, entities and relationships have to be oriented horizontally; not vertically.
False
True or False: In an SQL-based relational database, each table is dependent on every other table/
False
True or False: In implementation terms, an entity is existence-dependent if it has a mandatory primary key.
False
True or False: One of the advantages of a database system over previous data management approaches is reduced cost
False
True or False: The idea of determination is unique to the database environment.
False
True or False: The relational model is hardware-dependent and software-independent.
False
True or False: By using the relational data model the designer focuses primarily on the physical storage details.
Flase
Zoe needs an open-source, distributed framework to provide an environment for high speed, parallel computation and storage using low-cost hardware as nodes in order to process Big Data. Which of the following would Zoe use? - MapReduce - Hadoop - NoSQL - XML
Hadoop
The DBMS may be referred to as the database system's ______? - Spine - Brain - Memory - Heart
Heart
When adding new tables and deciding names for the attributes, which of the following should be avoided to lessen confusion?
Homonyms
Which of the answers below is one of the advantages provided by the database management system (DBMS) - Less data integration - Improved data sharing - Decreased end-user productivity - Maximized data inconsistency
Improved data sharing
A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.
Index
Which of the answers below is not considered as one of the five (5) major parts of the database system? - Procedure - Software - Internet - Data
Internet
A table of products with a foreign key of vend_code references to the table vendor. Which of the following could be an unintended effect of deleting an entry in the vendor table?
It damages the referential integrity.
Karl is in the process of identifying and documenting business rules during his step in a new database design, spending many hours ensuring its accuracy. Why would he spend a significant amount of time on one task? a. it makes it easy to recognize the data contained in an attribute. b. it enables company managers and policy makers to make informed decisions. c. it helps to standardize the company's view of data. d. it identifies management problems within the company.
It helps to standardize the company's view of data.
A new database designer is struggling with the process of identifying and documenting business rules. They are considering skipping this part of the process and moving forward. If you were their mentor, which statement would show the importance of this step to the new designer? - It improves the ability to understand the nature, role, and scope of data. - It makes it easy to recognize the data contained in an attribute. - It helps to standardize the view of the company's data. - It identifies management problems within the company.
It improves the ability to understand the nature, role, and scope of data.
A(n) ______ table is the implementation of a composite entity used to implement an M:N relationship.
Linking
A video game store has a table with its users. What type of data type is best for the attribute of being an adult?
Logical
You are designing a conceptual model and are in the process of matching the DBMS requirements to the entity-relationship diagram (ERD) to create a data model that is software-independent. Which stage of the design phase are you doing? - External model - Logical design - Internal schema - Physical independence
Logical design
Comel, a student, takes four classes with her group of best friends. She sits in the front row with two friends and the others sit behind them. What type of relationship would Comel's situation be described as? - Many-to-many - One-to-many - One-to-one - Hierarchical
Many-to-many
Relations are a ________ construct, thus it's easier for users to think in terms of tables.
Mathematical
April is a database administrator, she wants to provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database. What should she use? - End-user data - Metadata - Queries - Schemas
Metadata
Ali needs to review the metadata of a file system. Where should they look? - Client node - Data node - Name node - Map node
Name node
A large entity relationship model (ERM) diagram was presented to management but the relationships between each entity was hard to understand visually, especially with dashed lines. If using the Crow's Foot model to depict the relationships, what other actions could be done to the ERM to make it more understandable in terms of number of occurrences in the related entities?
Notate the cardinality next to each table.
On a table of students the attributes of student code, name, surname, gpa, birth date, and phone number. What data type is more appropriate for the gpa attribute?
Numeric
Unstructured data is data that exists in its ___? - Original (altered) state - Original (raw) state - Original (refined) state - Original (filtered) state
Original (raw) state
_____ returns only the attributes requested, in the order in which they are requested.
PROJECT
As a database, ___ relates to activities that make them operate more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed. - An encrypted bit - Performance tuning - Query Language - Data dictionary
Performance tuning
End-user data is ____? - Raw facts of interest to the end user - Knowledge about the end users - Information about a specific subject - Accurate, relevant and timely information
Raw facts of interest to the end user
The options below are examples of databases except? - Recycle database - Centralized database - Distribution database - Workgroup database
Recycle database
A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.
Relationship
When working with a company with thousands of stores nationwide that use attributes like STORE_ADDRESS, CUST_ADDRESS, EMP_ADDRESS, and VEND_ADDRESS, what should a database designer consider breaking down so managers can determine, for example, which cities the company makes the most and least amount of money at?
STORE_ADDRESS
An internal _____ refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database. a. schema b. standards c. file system d. diagram
Schema
Sarah is working on a design that has physical independence and needs to make a change. Which change will not affect the internal model? - External model - Internal schema - Storage methods - Logical design
Storage methods
Jackie is working in a database entering information on employees using the following format: EMPLOYEE.LAST_NAME .This indicates the attribute LAST_NAME from the EMPLOYEE in what?.
Table
In an ERD that says DOCTOR writes PRESCRIPTION, a PATIENT receives a PRESCRIPTION, and a DRUG appears in a PRESCRIPTION, it is mostly portraying what type of relationship degree?
Ternary
What conceptual model is being used if an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is being used? - The physical model - The internal model - The external model - The conceptual model
The conceptual model
What conceptual model is being used if an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is being used? a. the conceptual model b. the internal model c. the external model d. the physical model
The conceptual model
When designing a database for a car shop, the CAR entity was first conceptualized with a few basic, common characteristics for a car like, model, make, and color. However, a car does not only have one color. If a database designer splits the COLOR attribute in a Crow's Foot model, why would this be preferred over keeping it as is?
The table cannot recognize multivalued attributes.
Which of the following is true of NoSQL databases? a. They are not based on the relational model. b. They do not support distributed database architectures. c. They are geared toward transaction consistency rather than performance. d. They do not support very large amounts of sparse data.
They are not based on the relational model.
True or False: A disadvantage of the relational database management system (RDBMS) is its inability of hide the complexities of the relational model from the user.
True
True or False: Connectivities and cardinalities are established by concise statements known as business rules.
True
True or False: If the attribute (B) is functionally dependent on a composite key (A) but not on any subset of that composite key, the attribute (B) is fully functionally dependent on (A).
True
True or False: The term database system refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a databases environment
True
True or False: Thorough database planning and design is important to ensure that data is properly used to give the organization the most benefit.
True
True or False: Unstructured data is data that exists in the format in which it was collected (raw state). While structured data is the result of formatting unstructured data to enable storage, use, and generation of information
True
In some cases where an association is maintained within a single entity, a database designer should depict with a line on itself. If a manager is able to manage other employees, how would the EMPLOYEE table's relationship degree be described as?
Unary
A(n) _____ index is an index in which the index key can have only one pointer value (row) associated with it.
Unique
When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared.
Unique
In the context of Laney's 3 V of big databases, which term refers to the fact that data is collected in multiple data formats - Volume - Vendor - Variety - Velocity
Variety
Which of the answers below is one of the challenges of managing a database system? - Management Simplicity - Infrequent upgrade - Vendor dependence - Reduced costs
Vendor dependence
Which of the databases below would you recommend for a client that supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within the client's organization? - Workgroup - Desktop - Enterprise - Transactional
Workgroup
When creating an associative entity ENROLL, which is optional on both ends but connects STUDENTs to CLASSes, what would be true about ENROLL if its composite PK is made up of the PKs of STUDENT and CLASS?
have strong connections with STUDENT and CLASS
If a university has some departments that are classified as "research only" and do not offer courses, how would the COURSE entity relate to a DEPARTMENT entity of a university database?
optional to
Business rules must describe the main and distinguishing features of the data as viewed by _____.
the company
When using a solid line to show an associative entity in a Crow's Foot notation, if there is a strong relationship describe what the associative entity would have.
two primary keys and two foreign keys.
