DCA Final
The telephone has been around since 1900. When were deaf people finally able to use the telephone (with their TTY) to make calls to other deaf people with TTYs? Question options: 1990s. 1920s. 1970s. 1950s.
1970s
American Sign Language, which is slightly less than 300 years old, came from several older sign languages. What were they? Question options: a) Old Canadian Sign Language, Plains Indian Sign Languages and Alaskan Sign Language as well as sign languages of Greenland. b) Old Spanish and French Sign Language, Native American Sign Languages, and the sign languages of New England villages. c) Old British Sign Language, Indian Sign Language, and home signs and gestures used in different homes. d) Old Russian Sign Language, Cos
b
Can someone grow up as a member of other culture(s), and then join/add Deaf culture later in their lives? Question options: a) No. b) Yes.
b`
Most Deaf people learn English through: Question options: a) Listening. b) Speech reading. c) Reading. d) Speaking.
c
When someone says that a Deaf person's primary (or dominant) language is ASL, what does that usually mean? Question options: a) That the Deaf person knows several sign languages and picks ASL. b) That the Deaf person has a dominating style of signing. c) That the Deaf person prefers to communicate in ASL. d) That the Deaf person learned ASL in primary school.
c
Approximately how many Deaf Americans are there in the United States? Question options: a) 750,000 b) 100,000 c) 250,000 d) 500,000
d
Weinberg and Sterritt (1986) discovered that within the disability framework, the best adjusted Deaf people identified themselves as: Question options: a) Hearing identification; able-bodied. b) No identification; does not believe in identity. c) Deaf identification; disabled. d) Dual Identification; identification with both able-bodied and disabled worlds.
d
What are audiograms typically used for? Question options: a) To bypass the lines at amusement parks, carnivals, festivals and music concerts. b) To show proof of being deaf to hearing people who may not believe a person is deaf. c) To measure different sounds in grams, and to sell sound in bags of incremental sizes for particular prices. d) Qualifying for the Deaflympics, receiving vocational rehabilitation and social security benefits or for admission at an educational institution serving deaf students.
d
Which sign language was used by both Deaf and hearing people in schools, churches and at the marketplace? Question options: a) Old French Sign Language. b) Plains Indian Sign Language (PISL). c) Old Spanish Sign Language. d) Martha's Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL).
d
Which law represented a major paradigm shift regarding accessibility in the United States? Question options: a) Least Restrictive Environment Act of 1982. b) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. c) Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. d) The Architectural Barriers Act of 1968.
d? it started with this one and then a bunch of stuff was done in the 70s
For all babies, language is primarily learned through (choose two answers): Question options: a) Hands. b) Mouth. c) Eyes. d) Ears.
eyes and ears
Match the following terms with the correct definition. (Note: a matches i, b matches ii, c matches iii) __2__ Audiologist __3__ Audiogram __1__ Audiology 1. i. The field associated with detecting hearing loss and proposing accommodations. 2. ii. A professional who specializes in detecting hearing levels and proposing accommodations. 3. iii. A chart that measures sound in decibels and pitch.
look
In , a nationwide telephone relay service for Deaf callers and hearing callers to connect was finally available 24/7. Question options: 2000. 1990. 1970. 1980.
1990
ASL is classified as a "foreign language" in the United States, just like: Question options: a) Navajo b) French c) Spanish d) German
a
ASL was formally recognized as a natural language inby William C. Stokoe, Dorothy Casterline and Carl Cronenberg. Question options: a) 1960 b) 1970 c) 1980 d) 1950
a
Accessibility refers to: Question options: a) Enabling access for people with disabilities. b) Spiritual training designed to open access to the mind and heart. c) Ensuring high-speed internet connection for all. d) Video-based phone calls and call centers.
a
According to Humphries (2004), Deaf teachers play an important role in ASL/English bilingual programs because they are: Question options: a) Native signers, bilingual models and know how to integrate cultural language learning strategies in the classroom. b) Easier to work with, and deaf children are often much more well-behaved around Deaf teachers. c) Experts in navigating the hearing world, and will teach deaf children strategies in how to deal with hearing people. d) Role models for deaf children, so they know that when they grow up, they will still be deaf.
a
Approximately 2/3 of the deaf genes: Question options: a) are nonsyndromic. b) are of the connexin 26 type. c) come with other disabilities. d) cause postlingual deafness.
a
Audism represents: Question options: a) A system of advantage based on hearing or speaking ability. b) A system of disadvantage based on ability to hear or speak. c) A system of disadvantage based on number of connections to hearing people. d) A system of advantage based on auditory professionals ensuring access to sound.
a
Discrimination happens when: Question options: a) There is a negative action against members of a group. b) A person makes a judgment that generalizes to everyone in the stigmatized group, whether true or not. c) People treat members of a group with excessive kindness that also evokes a feeling of superiority. d) The policy or practice of people in positions of authority restrict the freedom of a minority group.
a
From the early 1900s through the 1960s, the majority of the schools for the deaf in the United States were: Question options: a) Monolingual, using only spoken English in the classrooms. b) Monolingual, using only sign language in the classrooms. c) Trilingual, including sign language, written English and additional language of their choice in the classrooms. d) Bilingual, using sign language and written English in classrooms.
a
How many Deaf people do not receive an interpreter during legal procedures? Question options: a) Approximately 25%. b) Approximately 50%. c) Approximately 5%. d) Approximately 10%.
a
Mayberry (2002) explains that invented signs for English (e.g. SE, SEE 1 and 2, CASE, LOVE) may seem like excellent teaching tools for teaching English "on the hands" for deaf children, however, research shows that those invented signs: Question options: a) do not usually improve the deaf child's English reading and writing skills, and are often not used by adults correctly. b) confuses everyone using those invented codes because it is not a natural language. c) are a better fit for English classes, but not the rest of the academic subjects. d) make deaf children's speech worse due to dropping of different suffixes in English.
a
The first school for the deaf, now known as the American School for the Deaf, was established by Deaf Frenchman Laurent Clerc and hearing American Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet induring the year of. Question options: a) Hartford, Connecticut; 1817. b) Pittsburgh, Pennyslvania; 1871. c) Rochester, New York; 1917. d) Annapolis, Maryland; 1877.
a
What is Deaf culture? Question options: a) Deaf culture refers to the beliefs, mores, artistic expressions, behaviors, understanding, and language expressions that Deaf people use. b) Deaf culture is a culture revolving around auditory technology and rehabilitation; the hearing restoration industry and finding a cure for being deaf. c) Deaf culture defers to the majority culture and incorporates the majority group's cultural values in the cultural wealth of the Deaf community. d) Deaf culture is a mix of deaf and hearing people advocating for deaf people's rights and educating others about how deaf people become deaf.
a
As of 2015, are theaters required by law to provide captioning access to to their movies? Question options: No No, but when Deaf consumers arrive, they can request for the captioning to be turned on. Yes, but movie theaters only need to make sure 5% of their shows are captioned on a weekly basis. Yes
a- no
A Deaf-friendly classroom or setting typically consists of: Question options: a) Dimmable lights and strobe lights for communication. b) Seats in a semi-circle around the presenter. c) Boom boxes and bass-intensified speaker system. d) Sound-proof walls and minimization of echo.
b
Deaf individuals have better: Question options: a) Tactile ability than hearing people. b) Peripheral vision than hearing people. c) Gustatory perception than hearing people. d) Olfactory sensitivity than hearing people.
b
Deaf people are also better than hearing people at: Question options: a) carpentry, engineering, architecture, automotive mechanics, welding and plumbing. b) forming pictures in their mind, remembering objects and moving objects, changing visual attention and scanning visual material, detecting motion and recognizing faces. c) speaking guttural sounds, feeling vibrations, lengthy yells, and sending accurate vibrations. d) dancing, gymnastics, tai chi, yoga, ballet and aquatic aerobics.
b
Deaf people who are sick or hurt often: Question options: a) Receive top-of-the-line medical care immediately. b) Avoid health care services because of communication issues. c) Heal faster than hearing people. d) Have their bills paid by the government.
b
How many deaf people are there in the world? Question options: a) 360,000 to 517,000 people. b) Approximately 360 million in the world have "disabling" hearing loss. c) 2 to 3 out of every 1,000 children in the United States. d) 17 percent of the United States population.
b
In the United States, when someone says Deaf children struggle with reading and writing, you know that this person operates in the: Question options: a) Paternalistic model; and that person feels they need to help with Deaf children and their reading and writing even more than any other children. b) Deficit model; and that bilingual Deaf children are often deprived of language access from ages 0-5 years and cannot be compared with monolingual hearing children who have full access to language from birth. c) Pathological model; and that person feels sorry for Deaf people and their lack of hearing and speaking. d) Medical model; and that people operating in this model often recommend Deaf children attend speech therapy and consider surgery, to help with reading and writing skills.
b
It wasn't until after______that there was Spanish (including accent marks) captioning as well as adding video descriptions, translating visual media into an accessible format for blind or low-vision consumers. Question options: a) 1991 b) 2001 c) 1981 d) 1971
b
The five domains of acculturation for Deaf and hearing cultures are: Question options: a) Credentials; quandary; propensity; language skill; and comprehension domains. b) Identification; involvement; preferences; language competence; and knowledge domains. c) Recognition; crisis; inclination; language appropriateness; and awareness domains. d) Testimony; entanglement; predilection; language expertise; and wisdom domains.
b
The four acculturation strategies used by people encountering a new culture include: Question options: a) Dismissive; paternalistic; appropriation; and universal strategies. b) Assimilation; separation; integration; and marginalization strategies. c) Organic; pretentious; trepidation; and navigation strategies. d) Segregation; identity transfer; holistic; and embezzlement strategies.
b
The study by Steinberg, Loew and Sullivan (2010) discovered Deaf people link mental health issues in their communities to: Question options: a) Audism in schools and the workforce. b) Communication issues growing up in their families. c) Discrimination and stereotyping by potential employers. d) Excessive depletion of resilience.
b
What does capitalized D in 'Deaf' refer to? Question options: a) Capitalized 'Deaf' means the person with hearing loss embraces both the Deaf- world and the hearing world. b) Capitalized 'Deaf' means the culture, language and values of the Deaf people are embraced by the Deaf person. c) Capitalized 'Deaf' refers to the superhero, SuperDeafy, also known as Superman in the Deaf-world. d) Capitalized 'Deaf' means the person has a hearing loss, prefers to use spoken language and socialize with hearing people.
b
What is the percentage of deaf people/children who have hearing parents as opposed to deaf people/children who have deaf parents? Question options: a) 4% b) 96% c) 50% d) 69%
b
When and how did the term 'Deaf culture' become more widespread? Question options: a) In the late 1960s when the Advisory Committee on the Education of the Deaf: The Babbidge Report came out. b) In the late 1980s when Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture (Padden & Humphries) was published. c) In the early 1990s when the Americans with Disabilities Act passed as a federal law. d) In the early 1970s when the Dictionary of American Sign Language on Linguistic Principles was published.
b
When children (deaf or otherwise) do not receive early access to language, what happens to them? Question options: a) They will be raised by animals naturally in the wild, like a feral child. b) They will experience cognitive and language deprivation issues growing up. c) They will experience solitude and marginalization from other children and people who know languages. d) They will experience freedom to play and be themselves, ensuring independence.
b
Deaf children are not always simply deaf, they can also have additional disabilities. Most common additional disabilities for Deaf students according to GRI (2011) are: Question options: a) ADD/ADHD, Usher's syndrome, and developmental delays. b) Traumatic brain injury, emotional disturbance, and orthopedic impairment. c) Cognitive disabilities, learning disability and vision issues (low vision or blind). d) Language and cultural deprivation, and struggles with identity.
c
Deaf people experience domestic and sexual violence: Question options: a) Equally as much as hearing people. b) Slightly less than hearing people. c) At a much more alarming rate than hearing people. d) Infrequently.
c
Ethnologue estimates there are________different sign languages used in the world. Question options: a) 317 b) 37 c) 137 d) 73
c
Intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1989) is defined as: Question options: a) How different sections of our development overlap and adapt in our reactions to life issues. b) Multiple intersections maintained by the highway administration to ensure safety, protection and clear signage for drivers. c) How different aspects (e.g. race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation and more) of oneÕs life intersect to create unique life experiences. d) How Deaf peopleÕs life experiences intersect with hearing peopleÕs life experiences in different ways.
c
Members of Deaf communities fight for Deaf children (e.g. Child First campaign) to be educated: Question options: a) In classrooms with hearing peers, learning through the use of an interpreter. b) In classrooms with mixed peers, learning through the use of different language strategies. c) In classrooms with deaf peers, learning through sign language. d) In online environments with students all over the world, using various online learning tools.
c
Over half of babies born deaf: Question options: a) are prelingually deaf. b) inherited their deaf genes. c) have conductive hearing losses. d) have deaf parents.
c
Spoken and sign languages activate what part of the brain? Question options: a) Different parts of the brain, with spoken languages activating the auditory component and sign languages activating the spatial component. b) Different parts of the brain, with spoken languages activating the hearing sense, while sign languages activating the visual/tactile sense. c) The same area of the brain, responsible for language. d) The same area of the brain, responsible for auditory processing
c
The cochlea is the size of a: Question options: a) Head of a pin. b) Plum. c) Pea. d) Quarter.
c
The phases in Deaf identity development for Deaf adults with hearing parents include five phases: Question options: a) Dupe; indifference; amalgamation; and capable phases. b) Deception; remoteness; connection; and confident phases. c) Taken-for-granted; alienation; affiliation; and Deaf-in-my-own-way phases. d) Swindle; estrangement; partnership; and tenacious phases.
c
What are CODAs in the context of the Deaf-World? Question options: a) A text editor for web developers. b) Commission on Dental Accreditation. c) Hearing children of Deaf adults. d) A term used in music to designate a passage that brings a piece to an end.
c
What does lowercase d in 'deaf' refer to? Question options: a) Lowercase deaf means the culture, language and values of the Deaf people are embraced by the Deaf person. b) Lowercase deaf refers to the villain, Anti-Deafy, also known as Lex Luthor in the Deaf-world. c) Lowercase deaf means the person has a hearing loss, prefers to use spoken language and socialize with hearing people. d) Lowercase deaf means the person with hearing loss embraces both the Deaf-world and the hearing world.
c
What does the term, 'hearing world' mean? Question options: Spaces populated by Deaf people, who hear and speak sign language. A derogatory term for people who oppress disabled people. Spaces populated by hearing people, who hear and speak. An imagined world where everyone and everything, including static objects hear and speak.
c
What is the definition of 'culture'? Question options: a) Culture is like an iceberg where there are some visible and not visible characteristics. b) Culture means looking at being Deaf as a positive attribute; not something that needs to be fixed. c) Culture is generally defined as the values, beliefs and practices of a group of people. d) Culture is inherited and passed on from generation to generation through replication of genes.
c
When someone talks about their identity, they are talking about: Question options: a) Their Deaf identity through different stages of deaf-heart. b) Their drivers license identification paperwork. c) How they describe themselves. d) How to identify people and their faces quickly.
c
When there is a communication breakdown between a hearing non-signer and a Deaf signer, and the Deaf person is blamed, this is called: Question options: a) Vidism, because the Deaf person is unable to speak clearly or lipread effectively. b) Audism, because the hearing person's ability to speak clearly and lipread is not in question. c) Audism, because the hearing person's inadequacy in sign language is not in question. d) Vidism, because the sighted person's inadequacy in detecting visual signs is not in question.
c
Wijeyesinghe & Jackson (2012) describes the process of how people of color become aware of their racial identities in five stages which are: Question options: a) Pre-encounter/conformity stage; internalization/introspection stage; dissonance/encounter stage; integrative awareness stage; and resistance/immersion stage. b) Pre-encounter/conformity stage; resistance/immersion stage; internalization/introspection stage; integrative awareness stage; and dissonance/encounter stage. c) Pre-encounter/conformity stage; dissonance/encounter stage; resistance/immersion stage; internalization/introspection stage; and integrative awareness stage. d) Integrative awareness stage; dissonance/encounter stage; resistance/immersion stage; internalization/introspection stage; and pre-encounter/conformity stage.
c
A Deaf person goes to a sports bar, and asks the manager to turn on the captions. The manager turns it on. After a few minutes, a hearing customer nearby asks the manager to turn off the captions. The manager turns it off. The Deaf person asks the manager to mute the TV. The manager laughs and mutes the TV. What is this called? Question options: a) Discrimination. b) Stereotyping. c) Audism. d) Resilience.
d
ASL is spread mostly through: Question options: a) Vertical transfer, from parent to deaf child. b) Extrasensory perception among Deaf people in Deaf communities. c) Diagonal transfer, from school to deaf child. d) Horizontal transfer, from deaf person to deaf person.
d
According to Mitchiner (2015), Deaf parents view: Question options: a) English as a "cultural language", for community and cultural identity, and ASL as a "survival language", to succeed in an ASL-dominant country. b) English as an "academic language" for success in the hearing world, and ASL as a "playground language" for socialization in the Deaf world. c) English as an "oppressive language", being forced to speak, and ASL as an "empowering language", being accessible. d) English as a "survival language", to succeed in an English-dominant country and ASL as a "cultural language", for community and cultural identity.
d
Americans with Disabilities Act is a: Question options: a) Republican bill that was passed to calm people with disabilities which was near epic levels of protesting. b) Essential landmark law recognizing disabled people's rights to vote and drive. c) Discriminatory performance mocking disabled people. d) Wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against disability and required accessibility for all public areas.
d
Attempts in the past to make Deaf people hear include: Question options: a) Hot oil with boiled worms in the ear. b) An operation on the ligament of the tongue. c) Repeated shaking of the head. d) All of the above.
d
Culturally Deaf people prefer to be called: Question options: a) Handicapped. b) Hearing impaired. c) Deaf and Dumb. d) Deaf and/or hard-of-hearing.
d
Deaf children who have no access to language from birth: Question options: a) can communicate telepathically with animals and house pets. b) are moved to state institutions for life-long care. c) are detected by school systems early, and parents are fined. d) often invent their own system of gestures to express themselves.
d
Deaf employees are underrepresented in: Question options: a) Manufacturing occupations. b) Postal occupations. c) Delivery occupations. d) Professional or managerial occupations.
d
During the 1800s, the majority of schools for the deaf in the United States were: Question options: a) Monolingual, using only spoken English in the classrooms. b) Trilingual, including sign language, written English and additional language of their choice in the classrooms. c) Monolingual, using only sign language in the classrooms. d) Bilingual, using sign language and written English in classrooms.
d
Enrolling deaf children in Deaf schools are often used as the last resort after all of the other options are exhausted. According to Olivia & Lytle (2014), people in Deaf communities are frustrated, mainly because: Question options: a) Full access to spoken English, signed English and hearing role models have been found to be effective for educating deaf children - why not start with something that actually works? b) Deaf schools are used as "dumping grounds" after being "experimented" on using different methods and classrooms, and this system continues to fail deaf children. c) Hearing children have full access to English, hearing peers and hearing teachers, and that works for them, but the assumption that this is the same for deaf children is prevalent. d) Full access to ASL, bilingual education programs with deaf peers and Deaf teachers have been found to be effective for educating deaf children - why not start with something that actually works?
d
Eugenics is the belief that the human population: Question options: a) is rooted heavily in genetics, particularly in Europe, where humans originated. b) is biodiverse and that by removing or sterilizing one person can cause the biodiverse ecosystem to collapse. c) is naturally diverse, and that every diversification in our population has a positive contribution to humankind. d) can be improved by having the more superior humans breed, and the inferior, problematic humans removed or sterilized.
d
Glickman (1996) adapted the racial/cultural identification development model for a theory of Deaf identity development. The four stages are: Question options: a) Marginal stage; immersion stage; bicultural stage; and culturally Deaf stage. b) Immersion stage; bicultural stage; marginal stage; and culturally hearing stage. c) Bicultural stage; marginal stage; culturally hearing stage; and immersion stage. d) Culturally hearing stage; marginal stage; immersion stage; and bicultural stage
d
How do deaf children of non-signing hearing parents develop their deaf identity early in life? Question options: a) Putting their deaf child up for adoption by a Deaf family. b) Implanting the deaf child with a deaf identity. c) Dropping off the deaf child at a camp for deaf children. d) The family talks about being deaf as a sensory experience (instead of as a deficient, broken).
d
How many people in the United States have some difficulty with hearing? Question options: a) 300,000 people. b) 900,000 people. c) 3 million people. d) 36 million people.
d
Jacobs (1996) says that the average number of years needed to become fluent in ASL is: Question options: a) 3 b) 1 c) 15 d) 7
d
Language milestones for deaf and hearing babies who have equal, and full access to language are: Question options: a) very different and cannot be compared. b) faster with spoken languages, and sign languages catch up later. c) slower with spoken languages, and faster with sign languages. d) similar, from finger/vocal babbling to forming basic sentences.
d
Missionaries and teachers who travel to other countries, teaching American Sign Language (ASL) to local Deaf communities are often responsible for: Question options: a) the standardization of their local, indigenous sign languages. b) the linguistic research into local, indigenous sign languages. c) the documentation of local, indigenous sign languages. d) the deaths of local, indigenous sign languages.
d
Researchers during the 1960s through 1980s found that: Question options: a) Deaf children of hard-of-hearing parents had higher scores when compared to other children. b) Deaf children of both types of parents had higher scores when taught using the combined method. c) Deaf children of hearing parents had higher scores when compared to Deaf children of Deaf parents. d) Deaf children of Deaf parents had higher scores when compared to deaf children of hearing parents.
d
Sign language has been found to support the child's: Question options: a) balance skills including riding a bicycle. b) ability to perform on stage confidently. c) acquisition of foreign languages. d) learning of spoken languages, too.
d
Stereotyping happens when: Question options: a) People treat members of a group with excessive kindness that also evokes a feeling of superiority. b) The policy or practice of people in positions of authority restrict the freedom of a minority group. c) An owner of a stereo system arranges typing courses to support the system. d) A person makes a judgment that generalizes to everyone in the stigmatized group, whether true or not.
d
Tajfel (1981) explains that social identity theory is heavily rooted in: Question options: a) Reading books and learning about their preferred identity. b) Going to school with peers with similar identities. c) Parent-child relationships. d) Group relationships and social orientations.
d
Televisions with sound were available since the 1920s, but it was only inthat captions were widely available in analog television sets. Question options: a) 1960, thanks to the Television Captioning Act. b) 1970, thanks to the Television Decoder Circuitry Act. c) 1980, thanks to the Television Captioning Act. d) 1990, thanks to the Television Decoder Circuitry Act.
d
The most common causes of hearing loss in adulthood include: Question options: a) prolonged exposure to cellphones, boom boxes and rave dancing scenes. b) excessive exposure to salt water, minerals and other ocean-related debris. c) punctured eardrums due to overuse of q-tips, excessive earwax, overuse of headphones and/or earphones. d) prolonged exposure to noise, drugs, the aging process, accidents and diseases.
d
Universal design is the belief that creating designs and products should: Question options: a) include people with disabilities as tokens when designing and producing new products. b) evoke a sense of universality, embracing all cultures and communities. c) represent all colors, ethnicities, religions and belief systems of the world. d) benefit all people, rather than inventing something then adding adaptions to accommodate particular people with disabilities.
d
