DDS CHAPTER 11 - Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
A transdermal system for hypertension.
Catapres-TTS
What is the first transdermal system for hypertension?
Catapres-TTS
What is the drug delivery system that is designed to support the passage of drugs from the skin to the affected illness or sickness inside or outside the body?
Transdermal drug delivery system
These systems facilitate the passage of therapeutic quantities of drug substances through the skin and into the general circulation for their systemic effects.
Transdermal drug delivery systems
It facilitates the passage of therapeutic quantities of drug substances through the skin and into the general circulation for their systemic effects.
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs)
An adhesive-based matrix transdermal system applied to intact skin.
Transdermal methylphenidate
This is an adhesive-based matrix TDS that is applied to intact skin.
Transdermal methylphenidate
The larger the area of application, the more drugs are absorbed. (True or False)
True
True or False Animal skins are much more permeable than human skin.
True
True or False Iontophoresis is the delivery of a charged chemical compound across the skin membrane using an electrical field.
True
True or False Lotions affect skin hydration and can affect the rate of drug permeation.
True
True or False The patch is worn in a hairless area behind the ear. Because of the small size of the patch, the system is unobtrusive, convenient, and well accepted by the patient.
True
True or False: In Transdermal drug delivery system, they avoid the first-pass effect, that is, the initial pass of a drug substance through the systemic and portal circulation following gastrointestinal absorption, possibly avoiding the deactivation by digestive and liver enzymes.
True
True or False: In Transdermal drug delivery system, they can avoid gastrointestinal drug absorption difficulties caused by gastrointestinal pH, enzymatic activity, and drug interactions with food, drink, and other orally administered drugs.
True
It describes the apparatus and procedure to determine dissolution (release) of medication from a transdermal delivery system and provides an acceptance table to which the product must conform to meet the monograph standard for a given article
United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
The first transdermal system approved by the U.S FDA IN 1979 , It is used to prevent nausea and vomiting that is associated with travel at sea in particular.
(Baxter ) Transdermal Scop
The first transdermal system, Transderm Scop (Baxter), was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in__________ for prevention of ________and __________ associated with travel, particularly at sea. a. 1979, nausea and vomiting b. 1999, nausea and diarrhea c. 1997, headache and vomiting d. 1978, migraine and stomach ache
1979, nausea and vomiting
The ideal molecular weight of the transdermal drug delivery
400 or less
Nitroglycerin is used widely in the prophylactic treatment of _________.
Angina
Used to prevent travel-related motion sickness and the nausea and vomiting that result from the use of certain anesthetics and analgesics used in surgery
Transdermal Scopolamine
T/F. All substances are appropriate for transdermal delivery.
False. Not all substances are appropriate for transdermal delivery. Moreover, percutaneous absorption has many physicochemical properties to consider like molecular weight, solubility, the nature of the carrier vehicle, partitioning coefficient and dissociation constant, and the condition of the skin.
Increases skin permeability by reversibly damaging or altering the physicochemical nature of the stratum corneum to reduce its diffusional resistance.
Chemical Enhancers
These substances increase skin permeability by reversibly damaging or altering the physicochemical nature of the stratum corneum to reduce its diffusion resistance.
Chemical Enhancers
Increases skin permeability by reversibly damaging or altering the physicochemical nature of the stratum corneum to reduce its diffusional resistance.
Chemical skin protection enhancers
It is a steroid hormone for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, female hypogonadism, female castration, and atrophic conditions caused by deficient endogenous estrogen production.
Estradiol
True or False One of the disadvantages of TDDS is they are noninvasive, avoiding the inconvenience of parental therapy.
False
True or False Tapes are designed to control the release rate of the drug-like transdermal patches.
False
Delivery of a charged chemical compound across the skin membrane using an electrical field.
IONTOPHORESIS
In vivo / In vitro. Diffusion cell systems are employed to quantify the release rates of drugs from topical preparations.
In vitro
In vivo / In vitro. Have the vision to relate resultant blood levels of drugs in human to systemic therapeutic effects.
In vivo
In vivo / In vitro. Its goal is to establish bioequivalence of different topical formulations of the same drug substance
In vivo
Is delivery of a charged chemical compound across the skin membrane using an electrical field.
Iontophoresis
What do you call the delivery of a charged compound across the skin membrane using an electrical field.
Iontophoresis
Consist of an adhesive material containing 5% lidocaine, which is applied to a nonwoven polyester felt backing and covered with a PET film release liner.
Lidoderm 5% patch
A cell that works with very low quantities of drugs and solutions.
Microdiffusion
A system that incorporates a drug matrix layer between the back and the frontal layer.
Monolithic systems
What type of systems incorporate a drug matrix layer between the backing and the frontal layer?
Monolithic systems
These are used as adjuncts (e.g., along with counseling) in smoking cessation programs. They have been shown to be an effective aid in quitting smoking when used according to product-recommended strategies.
Nicotine TDDSs
An equilibrium state that is highly kinetic.
Nitro-Dur matrix
It is a highly kinetic equilibrium state.
Nitro-Dur matrix
It is used to prevent chest pain in people with a certain heart condition specifically who have coronary artery disease.
Transdermal Nitroglycerin
This system is a combination contraceptive patch with a contact surface area of 20 cm2; it contains 6 mg of norelgestromin and 0.75 mg of ethyl estradiol.
Ortho Evra Transdermal System
The matrix controls the rate at which the drug is released for percutaneous absorption
Polymer Matrix
What controls the rate of the drug as it is released for percutaneous absorption?
Polymer matrix
It stores and releases drugs at the skin site control membrane.
Reservoir Patches
It is a high-frequency ultrasound.
SONOPHORESIS
This is known as a high-frequency ultrasound, is also being studied as a means to enhance transdermal drug delivery.
SONOPHORESIS
It is a belladonna alkaloid used to prevent motion sickness and the nausea and vomiting as a result from certain anaesthetics and analgesics used in surgery .
Scopolamine
It acts as an occlusive moisture barrier through which sweat cannot pass, increasing skin hydration.
Transdermal Patch
It is a skin patch wherein it is used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness or a recovery from anesthesia and surgery.
Transdermal Scopolamine
___________ is being studied as a means to enhance transdermal drug delivery.
Sonophoresis
A layer of the skin which is being keratinized, behaves as a semipermeable artificial membrane, and the drug molecules could only penetrate by passive diffusion.
Stratum corneum
It is a dosage form that is suitable for delivering drugs to the skin. It consists of a drug that is impregnated into a flexible, durable woven fabric or extruded synthetic material that is coated with an adhesive agent.
TAPE
Is a dosage form that is suitable for delivering drugs to the skin.
Tape
This dosage form consists of a drug that is saturated into a flexible, durable woven fabric or extruded synthetic material that is coated with an adhesive agent.
Tape
A dosage form that is suitable for delivering drugs to the skin.
Tapes
Is a dosage form that is suitable for delivering drugs to the skin
Tapes
It consist of drug that is impregnated into a flexible , durable woven fabric or extruded synthetic material .
Tapes
These dosage forms are not designed to control the release rate of the drug, like transdermal patches.
Tapes
These systems are available with various delivery rates as hormone replacement therapy in men who have an absence or deficiency of testosterone.
Testosterone Transdermal Systems
The first transdermal system approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1979 for the prevention of nausea and vomiting was associated with travel, particularly at sea.
Transderm Scop (Baxter)
The first transdermal system for hypertension
Transdermal Clonidine
A drug delivery system that is like a topical (in a way that it is applied on the skin) but facilitates the therapeutic quantities from the skin to the circulation for systemic effects.
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)
It is designed to be applied nightly to a clean, dry, unabraded area of the skin of the back, abdomen, upper arms, or thighs. a) Androderm TDDS b) Testosterone transdermal c) Transdermal methylphenidate d) Catapres-TTS
a) Androderm TDDS
Indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, female hypogonadism, female castration, atrophic vaginitis, and kraurosis vulvae. a) Transdermal Estradiol b) Transdermal Nicotine c) Transdermal Scopolamine d) Transdermal Clonidine
a) Transdermal Estradiol
The main reason for avoiding the skin lotion before applying the TDDSs a. Affect skin hydration b. Destroys integrity of the system c. A and B d. NOTA
a. Affect skin hydration
It is often called transdermal patches. a. TDDSs b. TD c. Transderma
a. TDDSs
It is a dosage form which is suitable for delivering drugs to the skin and in dry state. a. Tape b. Lidodern c. Androderm
a. Tape
It is the first transdermal system for hypertension, Catapres-TTS (clonidine transdermaltherapeuticsystem, Boehringer Ingelheim), which was marketed in 1985. a. Transdermal Clonidine b. Transdermal Scopolamine c. Transdermal Nitroglycerin d. Transdermal Nicotine
a. Transdermal Clonidine
Used as adjuncts in smoking cessation programs. They have been shown to be an effective aid in quitting smoking when used according to product-recommended strategies. a. Transdermal Nicotine b. Transdermal Clonidine c. Transdermal Estradiol d. Transdermal Testosterone
a. Transdermal Nicotine
What do you call the circular flat patch 0.2 mm thick and 2.5 cm2 in area. It is describe having a four-layer system? a. Transdermal Scopolamine b. Transdermal Nitroglycerin c. Transdermal Clonidine d. All of the above
a. Transdermal Scopolamine
The transdermal Nicotine are used as _________ in smoking cessation programs .
adjuncts
I. all drug substances are suitable for transdermal delivery. II.Transdermal drug delivery system facilitates the passage of therapeutic quantities of drug substances. a. First statement is true b. Second statement is True c. Both are true d. Both are false
b. Second statement is True
I. Clonidine is a five layer patch II. It is to deliver therapeutic dose of antihypertensive drug at a constant rate for 5 days a. First statement is true b. Second statement is true c. Both statements are true d. Both statements are false
b. Second statement is true
Skin pigmentation may be tested in vitro using various skin tissues in a diffusion cell.In Vitro penetration studies using human skin are unlimited because of difficulties of procurement, storage, expense, and variation in pigmentation. a. Sentences 1 and 2 are True b. Sentences 1 and 2 are False c.NOTA
b. Sentences 1 and 2 are False
These have been the subject of numerous studies to define the underlying principles and to optimize transdermal drug delivery. a. Iontophoresis b. Skin permeability and percutaneous absorption c. Sonophoresis
b. Skin permeability and percutaneous absorption
It is a type of dosage form that is suitable for delivering drugs to the skin. It consists of a drug that is impregnated into a flexible, durable woven fabric or extruded synthetic material that is coated with an adhesive agent. a. Ointment b. Tapes c. Tablets d. Capsules
b. Tapes
Example of transdermal smoking cessation a. fentanyl b. nicotine c. oxybutynin d. selegiline
b. nicotine
Among the advantages of TDDSs are the following, EXCEPT: a) They can substitute for oral administration of medication when that route is unsuitable, as with vomiting and diarrhea. b) They are noninvasive, avoiding the inconvenience of parenteral therapy. c) Some patients develop contact dermatitis at the site of application from one or more of the system components, necessitating discontinuation. d)Drug therapy may be terminated rapidly by removal of the application from the surface of the skin
c) Some patients develop contact dermatitis at the site of application from one or more of the system components, necessitating discontinuation.
Used to prevent travel-related motion sickness and the nausea and vomiting that result from the use of certain anesthetics and analgesics used in surgery. a) Transdermal Estradiol b) Transdermal Nicotine c) Transdermal Scopolamine d) Transdermal Clonidine
c) Transdermal Scopolamine
I. The concentration of drugs is an important factor in affecting the percutaneous absorption. II Hydration of the skin generally favors percutaneous absorption. a. First statement is false b. Second statement is true c. Both are true d. Both are false
c. Both are true
(I) Orally administered estradiol is rapidly metabolized by the liver to estrone and its conjugates, giving rise to higher circulating levels of estrone than estradiol. (II) In contrast, the skin metabolizes estradiol only to a small extent. a. Only the first statement is true b. Only the second statement is true c. Both statements are true d. NOTA
c. Both statements are true
Fentanyl is an example of a therapeutic agent for TDDS that provides 72 hours of systemic delivery of potent drugs to the patient. What type of design does it have? a. Three-layer b. Two-layer c. Four-layer d. A and B
c. Four-layer
The following are the transdermal system that is used as contraceptives that consist of 3 layer patches except: a. Ortho evra b. Norelgestromin c. Pills d. Ortho-Mcneil
c. Pills
In vivo skin penetration studies may be undertaken for one or more of the following purposes EXCEPT... a. To verify the quantity of the cutaneous bioavailability of a topically applied drug. b. To verify and quantify the systemic bioavailability of a transdermal drug. c. To phase out bioequivalence of different topical formulations of the same drug substance.
c. To phase out bioequivalence of different topical formulations of the same drug substance.
What is the first transdermal system, which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1979 for prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with travel, particularly at sea. a. Transdermal Nitroglycerin b. Transdermal Nicotine c. Transderm Scop (Baxter)
c. Transderm Scop (Baxter)
An example of TDDS that are used as adjuncts in smoking cessation programs and they have been shown to be an effective aid when used according to product-recommended strategies. a. Transdermal Estradiol b. Transdermal Testosterone c. Transdermal Nicotine d. Transdermal Scopolamine e. NOTA
c. Transdermal Nicotine
This is the first transdermal system, approved by the U.S FDA in 1979, this prevents nausea and vomiting associated with travel particularly at sea. a. Habitrol b. Estraderm c. Transdermal scop (Baxter)
c. Transdermal scop (Baxter)
It is an adhesive-based matrix TDDS applied to intact skin and is indicated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. a. Transdermal Nitroglycerin b. Transdermal Contraceptive c. Transdermal Scopolamine d. Transdermal Methylphenidate e. NOTA
d. Transdermal Methylphenidate
These type of chemical increases skin permeability by reversibly damaging or altering the physicochemical nature of the stratum corneum to reduce its diffusional resistance.
chemical skin penetration enhancer/ chemical enhancers
Used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). a) Transdermal Estradiol b) Transdermal Nicotine c) Transdermal Scopolamine d) Transdermal Clonidine
d) Transdermal Clonidine
The stratum corneum is composed of what approximately percent of protein and water? a.30% & 40% b. 20% & 40% c. 40% & 50% d. 40% & 40%
d. 40% & 40%
I. Androderm is placed at the back of the ear II. Testoderm patch is placed on the buttocks a. First statement is true b. Second statement is true c. Both statements are true d. Both statements are false
d. Both statements are false
Available with various delivery rates as hormone replacement therapy in men who have an absence or deficiency of testosterone. a. Transdermal Nicotine b. Transdermal Clonidine c. Transdermal Estradiol d. Transdermal Testosterone
d. Transdermal Testosterone
Which of the following statements are true? I. Iontophoresis is a delivery of high-frequency ultrasound II. Sonophoresis is a delivery of a charged chemical across the skin membrane using an electrical field III. Iontophoresis-enhanced transdermal delivery has shown some promise as a means of peptide and protein administration. IV. Among the agents examined in sonophoresis are hydrocortisone, lidocaine, and salicylic acid in such formulations as gels, creams, and lotions. a. I, II, III b. I, IV c. II, III d. III, IV
d. III, IV
Which of the following statements are true? Cutaneous absorption is one factor to consider to define underlying principles and to optimize transdermal delivery In vivo studies are done to relate resultant blood levels of drug in human to localized therapeutic effect There are two official transdermal systems in USP 25/NF 40, that is, clonidine and nicotine. In the preparation of monolithic systems, the drug and the polymer are dissolved and separated, cast as matrix, and dried a. I, III, IV b. I, II, III c. AOTA d. NOTA
d. NOTA
Example of transdermal hypertension a. nicotine b. fentanyl c. methylphenidate d. clonidine
d. clonidine