DEP3305_Chapter 1: Biological Transitions

The secular trend has primarily been affected by improvements in which of the following?

-Better sanitation -Health and nutrition -Better control of infectious diseases

About ______% of women will develop anorexia in their lifetime.

1

Today, about ______% of teenagers report getting adequate sleep most nights.

25

In one study, ______% of girls reported that they would like to be thinner than they are. Multiple choice question.

70

______ is a pattern of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty. Multiple choice question.

A delayed phase preference

Which of the following plays a part in stimulating the adolescent growth spurt?

Androgens Thyroid hormones Growth hormones

Which of the following is characterized by starving oneself in an effort to keep one's weight down?

Anorexia nervosa

______ is the minimal amount of energy used by the body during a resting state.

Basal metabolism rate

Early-maturing boys are more likely than their later-maturing peers to do which of the following?

Be truant from school Have academic problems Get involved in minor delinquency Use drugs and alcohol

______ is characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight.

Binge eating disorder

Adolescent boys are more likely to be teased for being (underweight/overweight) ______________, whereas adolescent girls are more likely to be teased for being (underweight/overweight) ________________.

Blank 1: underweight Blank 2: overweight

Which of the following social factors is associated with earlier pubertal timing in girls?

Conflict-ridden households Sexual abuse Father-absent household

The _________ system produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones.

Endocrine

Which of the following is a marker of the conclusion of puberty?

Epiphysis

Which of the following are the sex hormones released by the ovaries?

Estrogens

Identify the factors that contribute to teenagers' late-night bedtimes.

Extracurricular activities Increased homework loads TV Electronic media

True or false: Because levels of testosterone are higher among males than females while the brain is developing, males usually end up with a more "androgynous" brain than females.

False

True or false: Living with a biological father can stimulate early pubertal maturation in an adolescent girl.

False

True or false: The risk factors associated with early maturation among girls (for example, depression and eating disorders) are directly related to the hormonal changes of puberty.

False

True or false: There is a strong connection between the age when puberty begins and the rate at which pubertal development proceeds.

False

Which of the following groups of adolescent boys is most likely to report feeling a desire to be thin?

Gay and bisexual youth

Which of the following is a component of the HPG axis?

Gonads Hypothalamus Pituitary gland

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sex characteristic?

Growth of facial and body hair

Which of the following has been shown to prevent childhood and adolescent obesity?

Having a good relationship with parents

Which of the following parenting styles is associated with a positive experience of menarche?

Helpful and matter-of-fact

Which of the following are highly specialized substances that are secreted by one or more endocrine glands?

Hormones

According to research on environmental factors that contribute to the timing and rate of pubertal maturation, which of the following girls is likely to experience delayed puberty?

Jen, a gymnast, who has cut her daily caloric intake to 750 calories

According to research, which of the following girls is at risk for early pubertal development?

Katie, who lives in a father-absent family

Morgan is an obese child, whereas her cousin Mariah is a normal-weight child. Which of the following statements about the timing of their puberty is likeliest to be true?

Morgan will start puberty at an earlier age than Mariah.

Identify the two most important environmental influences on pubertal maturation.

Nutrition Health

_______________ are a class of chemicals secreted by animals that stimulate certain behaviors in other members of the species.

Pheromones OR Pheremones or Phermones

Vivica is an early-maturing girl. According to research on early maturation and popularity, which statement about Vivica is true?

She is more likely than her peers to be the victim of gossip.

Dissatisfaction with body shape and weight is likely to lead to which of the following?

Smoking Vomiting after eating Using diet pills Fasting

What is epiphysis?

The closing of the ends of the bones in the body

Which of the following is true of early-maturing girls?

They have more emotional difficulties than their peers.

Research on pubertal timing shows that which of the following is true of early-maturing boys compared to their later-maturing peers?

They tend to have elevated rates of depression. They feel better about themselves. They are often popular.

True or false: The HPG axis develops before adolescence.

True

The rapid increase in many of the hormones associated with puberty may contribute to ______ in boys.

aggression

The Joneses are a White family with two children entering puberty. They can expect ______.

an increase in family conflict

Environmental exposure to ______ can suppress melatonin levels and hasten puberty.

artificial light

Magazines geared toward adolescent girls and women tend to promote the message that ______.

beauty is associated with thinness

One method for treating adolescent obesity is ______ therapy, which is designed to gradually alter patterns of diet and exercise.

behavioral

At least three times a week, Valessa gorges on fattening, high-calorie foods like pizza, ice cream, pastries, French fries, and cake. Although she feels distressed about her eating, Valessa does not try to diet or lose weight. Valessa has characteristics of ______.

binge eating disorder

Measuring __________ ___________ index is used to determine overweight and obesity.

body mass OR Bank 1: body, body mass index, or B Bank 2: mass or M

Sophie wants to determine whether or not she is overweight. The best way to determine this is to ______.

calculate her body mass index

Chronic levels of the stress hormone ______ can cause brain cells to die.

cortisol

Dr. Martinez studies the psychological and social consequences of puberty. Her research often compares individuals who are in different stages of puberty. This approach is called a(n) ______ study.

cross-sectional

The rapid increase in many of the hormones associated with puberty may contribute to ______ in girls.

depression

Among boys, going through puberty especially rapidly is associated with ______.

depression and anxiety

The pattern of teenagers going to bed late and sleeping in late in the morning often begins in (early/middle/late) ______________ adolescence.

early

Mild, moderate, or severe disturbances in eating habits and attitudes are referred to as _________ __________.

eating disorders OR Bank 1: disordered or eating Bank 2: eating or disorders

A cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and regulate each other, such as that formed by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads, is called a ______________ _______________,

feedback loop OR Bank 1: feedback, HPG, or hormonal Bank 2: loop, cycle, axis, or feedback

Until about eight weeks after conception, the human brain is (feminine/masculine) ____________.

feminine

The dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty is known as the adolescent ____________ ______________ .

growth spurt

Both anorexic and bulimic individuals ______.

have an extremely distorted body image

Adult height and weight are best correlated with ______.

height and weight during childhood

Today, adolescent girls' attitudes toward menarche are (more/less) _______________ negative than they appear to have been in the past.

less

Because of their physical maturation, early-maturing boys are ______.

less likely to be supervised by adults

Kelsie is a graduate student who is interested in how being early or late to mature affects a group of adolescents' psychological development over time. Kelsie's interests are best measured using the ______ design.

longitudinal

Early-maturing girls are generally (more/less) _________ popular than other girls.

more

The distancing effect of puberty on adolescent-parent relationships is ______.

not as consistently observed in ethnic minority families

In females, the gonads are known as _________.

ovaries

The development of __________ sex characteristics, including the further development of the gonads.

primary

During puberty, the development of breasts, the growth of facial and body hair, and changes in the voice are referred to as ______.

secondary sex characteristics

Cortisol is referred to as a(n) ____________ hormone.

stress

Puberty has ______ chief physical manifestations.

three

Rates of anorexia and bulimia are ______ prevalent in females compared to males.

three times more

Today, young people reach puberty at earlier ages than in their grandparents' generation. This is known as the secular _____________.

trend