Development, Sensation, and Perception
The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing rods and cones, is the
retina
A 3-D movie enhances our sense of depth perception by simulating the effects of
retinal disparity
Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies, She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?
Accommodation
According to this theory dreams are a result of the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity
Activation-Synthesis
Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?
Afterimages
What occurs when we can detect the change in the intensity of a stimulus?
Difference threshold
Latisha notices that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?
Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light
The pitch of a sound is analogous to which of the following features of light?
Hue
Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?
Individuals do not typically act out their dreams
In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?
It is correlated with dreaming
Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?
Linear perspective
Research suggests that the two most basic states of sleep are
REM sleep and non-REM sleep
Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.
REM sleep; Stage 4
Which stage of sleep typically has spindes?
Second
Which of the following is an explanation of why travelers suffer from jet lag?
There is a disruption in their circadian rhythm.
Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have.
absolute threshold
The Gestalt principle that refers to an individual's tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as whole is called
closure
The information surrounding a stimulus is known as the
context
Hypnotized subjects who were told to plunge one hand into a painful bath of ice water, and were told to feel no pain
did not feel any pain
Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is
dreaming
A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attaches to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called
electroencephalography
Receptors for olfaction are located
in the nasal cavity
The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the
iris
It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster
is very sensitive to hot peppers
The illusion that railroad tracks come together in the distance involves the depth cue of
linear perspective
A sudden, irresistible urge to sleep, which lasts a few minutes to half an hour during the daytime, is called
narcolepsy
After reading her horoscope in the morning newspaper, Sabrina readily interpreted numerous experiences of that day as clear verifications of its accuracy. This best illustrates the dangers of:
perceptual set
Seeing out of the corner of your eye, often important in sports activities and driving, is called
peripheral vision
Deep sleep appears to play an important role in
physical growth
Information picked up by the body's receptor cells is termed
sensation
An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to
signal detection theory
Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from
sleep apnea
One of the difficulties in studying hypnosis experimentally is that
there is no reliable way to determine if a person is hypnotized
Our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain. This best illustrates the importance of
top-down processing
