DH Board Review Questions

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Efforts to exclude highly sugared snacks from school vending machines is an example of which of the following? A Health prevention B Disease progression C Health promotion D Health services

Excessive fluoride in the _______ stage results in fluorosis. A. Post-eruptice mineralization stage B. Post-eruptive maturation stage C. Pre-eruptive mineralization stage D. Pre-eruptive bud stage

From the following list, choose the clinical use of benzodiazepines in dentistry. A. Analgesia I B. Anesthesia C. Stress reduction D. Reduction of inflammation E. Promotion of healing

Endotoxin a. stimulates the secretion of immunoglobulins b. stimulates osteoclast activity c. is produced by mast cells d. is produced by B-lymphocytes

Erythematous candidiasis is associated with loss of papillae. Pseudomembranous candidiasis is a smooth, flat, red, lesion on the dorsum of the tongue. a) both statements are true b) both statements are false c) the first statement is true, the second statement is false d) the first statement is false, the second statement is true

From the dental practitioners point of view, the MOST important side effect related to valproic aced (Depakote) is: A) constipation B) thrombocytopenia C)grandma seizures D) trigeminal neuralga E) drug-influenced gingival enlargement

Good example of complete proteins include: a. meat, fruit, fish b. meat, eggs, cheese c. meat, fruit, vegetables d. grains, fruit, vegetables

Hairy tongue is characterized by hyperplasia of which of the following papillae? a. foliate b. filiform c. fungiform d. circumvallate

Hertwigs epithelial root sheath is derived from the: a) inner enamel epithelium b) reduced enamel epithelium c) primary enamel cuticle d) rests of malassez e) periodontal ligament

If the patient becomes non responsive and has no pulse during treatment the best response is A) start BLS measures B) activate EMS C) administering high-flow oxygen D) placing client in Trendelenburg position

In which phase of bacterial growth is there an exponential increase in cell number? a) lag phase b) log phase c) stationary phase d) phase of decline

Linoleic fatty acid is also known as Omega-3. Sources of linoleic fatty acids include mackerel and salmon. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true and the second is false d. the first statement is false and the second is true

Narcan (Naloxone): a. is a narcotic (opioid) analgesic b. combines with endorphin receptors in the CNS, reversing the effects of opioid drugs c. is used in the management of local anesthetic overdose d. is a narcotic analgesic medication similar to morphine

Nutrient canals can be seen radiographically within the maxillary sinus and what other anatomic area? a. anterior maxilla b. anterior mandible c. interproximal regions of teeth d. in the nasal cavity

Placing a sealant on a child's tooth without getting parental consent is an example of: a. assault b. battery c. negligence d. defamation

Severe and rapid periodontal destruction with a lack of deep-pocket formation is indicative of: a) chronic periodontitis b) necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis c) gingivitis d) aggressive periodontitis

Sharpey's fibers are found in a. dentin and gingiva b. cementum and alveolar bone c. dentin and alveolar bone d. enamel and alveolar bone e. enamel and attached gingiva

Silver amalgam alloys contain copper to: a. minimize galvanism b. reduce the rate of corrosion c. reduce thermal conductivity d. improve compressive strength

The Mantoux skin test is administered: a. orally b. intradermally c. subcutaneously d. intramuscularly

The abuse of alcohol by a pregnant woman can cause all of the following to the fetus EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Low birth weight B. Mental illness C. Spontaneous abortion D. Fetal alcohol syndrome

The best dental wax to modify an impression tray is: a. sticky wax b. utility wax c. boxing wax d. baseplate wax

The byproducts from smoking are eliminated from the body by: A. Exhaling B. Liver metabolism C. Lung absorption D. Blood dissemination

The dental team determines that CPR with automated external defibrillation is indicated because: A) the client is still breathing B) there is no pulse C) the client is unresponsive

The etiology of myxedema is: a. hyposecretion of the parathyroid b. hyposecretion of the thyroid gland c. hyposecretion of the adrenal gland d. hypersecretion of the thyroid gland e. hypersecretion of the adrenal gland

The keratinized papillae of the tongue are: a. foliate b. filiform c. fungiform d. circumvallate

The modulus of elasticity is the measure of a material's A) hardness B) stiffness C) percentage of elongation D) ductililty

The most common location for a mucocele is the: a. palate b. lower lip c. upper lip d. retromolar pad

The primary organism is aggressive periodontitis is: a) s mutans b) A actnomycetemcomitans c) C albicans d) P intermedia

The purpose of a Professional Code of Ethics includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. to achieve high levels of practice b. to achieve high levels of integrity c. to achieve high levels of decision making d. to achieve high levels of ethical consciousness

The radiographic mode which is most accurately and sharply depicts the height of the crest of the alveolar bone is: a. a periapical radiograph b. a bitewing radiograph c. an occlusal radiograph d. a panoramic radiograph

which cyst could develop into an ameoloblastoma? A) residual cyst B) primordial cyst C) median mandibular cyst D) lateral periodontal cyst E) radicular cyst

which level of chemical disinfectant does the CDC recommend for disinfecting clinical contact sufaces with visible blood in the oral health care setting? A) low B) intermediate C) high D) all of the above

which of the diagnostic methods listed below is most reliable and ensures the highest degree of accuracy when evaluating squamous cell carcinoma? A) surgical B) microscopic C) therapeutic D) clinical

which of the following BEST describes a complete protein? A) found in plant-based foods B) contains adequate amounts of all essential amino acids C) synthesized by the human body D) All of the above

which of the following cysts could develop into an ameloblastoma? A) a residual cyst B) primordial cyst C)median mandibular cyst D) lateral periodontal cyst

which of the following cysts would create difficulty swallowing? A) branchial cleft B) thyroglossal tract C) nasopalatine D) mucocele

which of the following cysts would create difficulty when swallowing? A) branchial cleft B) thyroglossal tract C) nasopalatine D) mucocele E) residual

which of the following diseases is characterized by a progressive loss of central nervous system functioning resulting in loss of reflexes, slowness, resting tremors, and muscle rigidity? A) bells palsy B)parkinsons disease C)scleroderma D)myasthenia gravis

which of the following hormone raises the blood glucose level? A) insulin B) epinephrine C)Anabolic hormones D) coenzymes

which of the following is NOT part of the enamel organ? a) outer enamel epithelium b) dental papilla c) stratum intermedium d)j inner enamel epithelium e) stellate reticulum

which of the following is a muscle of mastication? A)buccinators B)Temporalis C)orbicularis oris D) Risorius

which of the following is the best way to avoid a dental lawsuit a) proper diagnosis b) proper documentation c) moderation of treatment d) verification of treatment plan by dentist

Achlorhydria, inability to absorb vitamin B12, and burning, painful tongue are characteristic of: A) thrombocytopenia B) hypervitaminosis C) pernicious anemia D) hyperkeratosis

Xerostomia is a common oral manifestation accompanying: A. Rheumatic heart disease B. Asthmatic attack C. Chronic alcoholism D. Controlled diabetic mellitus

a cleft-like absence of the alveolar cortical plate resulting in a denuded root surface is called: a) lability b)physiologic maturation c) dehiscence d) fenestration

a palatal condition of an elderly patient that is primarily caused by chronic irritation from the suction chamber of a denture is clinically observed as: A) a fibroma B) a papilloma C) papillary hyperplasia D) a median palatal cyst

after bacterial virulence is estalished and the periodontal lesion is intiated, which is the first inflammatory cell to respond? A) B-lymphocytes B) plasma cells C) neutrophils D) T-lymphocytes E) macrophages

The bacteria primarily responsible for root caries are a) streptococcus mitis b) streptococcus sanguis c) streptococcus salivarius d) actinomyces naeslundil

The bulk of plaque biofilm is composed of: a. spirochetes b. glycoprotein c. gram positive cocci d. extracellular matrix

which of the following tissues have little or no keratinzation? a) attached gingiva b) interdental papilla c) lingual papilla d) hard palate e) sulcular epithelium

which of the following vasoconstrictor agents is used with carbocaine 3 mL? A)neo-cobefrin B)epinephrine C)levophed D)benzocaine E) none of the above

All of the following characteristicis are associated with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis EXCEPT one. Which characteristic is the EXCEPTION? a. pain b. fetid odor c. hyperplasia d. pseudomembrane

The antibacterial agent used to treat syphilis is: a) doxycycline b) erythromycin c) penicillin d) metronidazole

The blood pressure reading is 148/90 is classified as A) normal B) prehypertensive C) stage 1 hypertensive D) stage 2 hypertensive

The causative agent of lyme disease is: a) chlamydia psittaci b) treponemia pallidum c) borrelia burgdorferi d) mycobacterium tuberculosis

The client indicates on the health history form that she has asthma. It may be recommended that she take any of the following medications EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Bronchodilator B. Prednisone C. Aspirin D. Triamicinolone

The coronoid process is most likely to be seen in which intraoral radiographic projection: a. the mandibular molar periapical b. the maxillary premolar periapical c. the maxillary molar periapical d. the molar bitewing

The final setting time for study model gypsum products is: A. 15 to 30 minutes B. 30 to 45 minutes C. 45 to 90 minutes D. 90 to 120 minutes

Which vitatmin is essential for the absoprtion of calcium and phophorus? a. E b. A c. D d. B3

Placing the welfare of a child suspected of child abuse over autonomy of the parent is an example implementing the duty of prima facie. The welfare of the child is a stronger duty that preserving the parent's right to autonomy. A Both statements are true. B Both statements are false. C The first statement is true, the second statement is false. D The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

An anxiolytic agent such as diazepam (Valium) may be prescribed for a patient prior to a stressful dental procedure . Valium produces it effect by: A.enhancing the effect of GABA, an inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter B. acting as a dopamine antagonist C. inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin D. inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine

Demand for dental care is all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Deemed necessary after assessment B. Determined by patient's value C. Patient driven D. Varies by individual

Essential fatty acids are required for the formation of: A. Prostaglandins B. Insulin C. Vitamin K D. Enzymes

Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances is called A. Glycolysis B. Glucogenesis C. Glycogenesis D. Gluconeogenesis

From the following list, choose the medication that selectively inhibits the reuptake of Serotonin in the brain. A. Paxil B. Wellbutrin C. Effexor D. Emsam E. Allopurinol

Medicare is government-run medical insurance for those 65 years of age and older. Medicare is funded jointly be federal and state government. A. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. B. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. C.Both statements are true. D Both statements are false.

The biologic width is approximately 2mm in length. In order to maintain the integrity of the biologic width, restorations should not be placed closer than 4mm to the junctional epithelium. A. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE B. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE C. Both statements are TRUE D. Both statements are FALSE

The effectiveness of a community health program can be measured by A. The degree to which it meets program goals B. The length of the program C. The cost of the program D. All of the above

The opening and closing of gaps around a margin due to heating and cooling is called? A. Percolation B. Microleakage C. Creep D. Coefficient of thermal expansion

The school nurse at the Williston Elementary School contacted the Vermont Department of Health, Office of Oral Health, with some concerns about the students in the school. During routine checkups, the nurse noticed a high incidence of dental neglect within the school population. This was evidenced by severe decay, poor dietary habits and inadequate home care. The Oral Health Department sent surveys to the children in the school regarding dietary conditions, socioeconomic status of the household, oral health home care procedures, and access to routine dental care. Oral hygiene and caries status of the students was assessed in the classroom with use of the plaque and the DMFT indices. The Office of Oral Health analyzed data gathered from the questionnaires and surveys. They unanimously agreed to increase access to dental care for low income families. This is an example of a(n): A Program goal B Program objective C Program evaluation D Implementation strategy

The school nurse at the Williston Elementary School contacted the Vermont Department of Health, Office of Oral Health, with some concerns about the students in the school. During routine checkups, the nurse noticed a high incidence of dental neglect within the school population. This was evidenced by severe decay, poor dietary habits and inadequate home care. The Oral Health Department sent surveys to the children in the school regarding dietary conditions, socioeconomic status of the household, oral health home care procedures, and access to routine dental care. Oral hygiene and caries status of the students was assessed in the classroom with use of the plaque and the DMFT indices. The use of surveys and classroom examination are integral components of A Conducting a needs assessment. B Setting program goals C Developing implementation strategies D Prioritizing needs

Two thirds of the body's water is found in A. Intracellular fluid B. Extracellular fluid C. Muscles D. Blood

When dental health is neglected, it is largely because of A Minimal inherent value to oral health B The threatening nature of dental disease C Insufficient health care delivery personnel D Insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of preventive measures

When using the bisecting technique for periapical dental radiography, A. the film is placed at an angle with one edge touching the tooth B. the central ray is directed perpendicular to the tooth and film C. the film is placed away from the tooth D. an increased target-receptor distance is required

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory function of the posterior 1/3rd of tongue, soft palate, and pharynx? A. Glossopharyngeal B. Vestibulocochlear C. Facial D. Vagus

Which of the following apical inflammatory lesions appear radiopaque? A. Condensing osteitis B. Periapical granuloma C. Acute apical periodontitis D. Periapical cyst

Which of the following drugs is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist? A. Diovan (valsartan) B. Accupril (quinapril) C. Cardura (doxazosin) D. Calan (verapamil) E. Cardizem (diltiazem)

Which of the following medications is a thyroid hormone antagonist used in the treatment of Grave's disease? A. methimazole (Tapazole) B. levothyroxine (Synthroid) C. Humulin R D. glipizide (Glucatrol

Which one of the following when taken with antacids can result in a decrease in intestinal absorption of the medication? A. Meperidine (Demerol) B. Penicillin V C. Tetracycline D. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Anorexics are commonly deficient in: A. Iron B. Zinc C. Chromium D. Magnesium

A benign overgrowth of adipose tissue with a yellowish hue is called a A. Fibroma B. Lipoma C. Hemangioma D. Lipofibroma

According to the inverse square law, as the distance between the tungsten target and film is Increased, the A. useful beam is decreased in size B. useful beam is less intense C useful beam has greater intensity resulting a darker film D. useful beam is less safe for the patient

After a tooth is etched for sealant placement, resin tags are formed. This formation leads to what type of retention? A. macromechanical B. micromechanical C. macrochemical D. microchemical

All of the following describe the appearance of dentin dysplasia EXCEPT one, which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Short roots B. Obliteration of pulp on radiographs C. Blue to brown appearance in color of teeth D. Abnormal root dentin

All of the following factors contribute to periodontal disease,, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Open proximal contacts B. Diet high in sucrose content C. Rough restorations D. Hormonal balance

All of the following would be likely to appear on a maxillary posterior radiograph except one. Which one is the exception? A.Hamulus B. Nasal fossa C. Zygomatic process D. Lateral pterygoid plate

An insufficient production of corticosteroids from the adrenal gland is termed Paget disease. This corticosteroid insufficiency can cause chronic infections and increased melanin production. A. The first statement is TRUE, the second statement is FALSE B. The first statement is FALSE, the second statement is TRUE C. Both statements are TRUE

Bioavailability of a drug means: A. The determination of whether two or more drug products release their contents in equal amounts over the same absorption B. The degree to which a drug releases itself from its dosage form to become accessible for its intended effect C. The process of drug movement into the systemic circulation D. The study of the chemical reactions that occur within a living organism

Dairy products are good sources of all of the following nutrients, vitamins, and minerals EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Calcium B. Zinc C. Vitamin D D. Protein E. Riboflavin

During treatment of a client with compromised pulmonary function, all of the following must be done EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Avoid using motor-driven polishing devices B. Ask the client to be pre-medicated C. Avoid aerosol producing mechanized scalers Incorrect D. Ask the client if they would like to be in a more upright position

In the etiology of periodontal disease, subgingival calculus is a A. Prime etiologic factor B. Local predisposing factor C. Local functioning factor D. Systemic contributing factor

The MOST common nutritional deficiency among women of child bearing age and children in the United States is A. Vitamin C B. Iron C. Sodium D. Zinc

The ceiling dose (effect) relates significantly to: A. Efficacy B. Threshold dose C. Placebo D. Affinity

The junction of three surfaces on the crown of a tooth is referred to as: A. Line angle B. Point angle C. Occlusal surface D. Incisal edge

The most common cellular effects that occur as a result of exposure of biological tissues to dental x-radiation is: A. no effect B. sub-lethal injury C. mutation D, cell death

The school nurse at the Williston Elementary School contacted the Vermont Department of Health, Office of Oral Health, with some concerns about the students in the school. During routine checkups, the nurse noticed a high incidence of dental neglect within the school population. This was evidenced by severe decay, poor dietary habits and inadequate home care. The Oral Health Department sent surveys to the children in the school regarding dietary conditions, socioeconomic status of the household, oral health home care procedures, and access to routine dental care. Oral hygiene and caries status of the students was assessed in the classroom with use of the plaque and the DMFT indices. A special committee is appointed by the health department to review objectives and outcomes of a planned program. This is part of an ongoing process known as Aneeds assessment B program evaluation C community profiling D implementation process

The school nurse at the Williston Elementary School contacted the Vermont Department of Health, Office of Oral Health, with some concerns about the students in the school. During routine checkups, the nurse noticed a high incidence of dental neglect within the school population. This was evidenced by severe decay, poor dietary habits and inadequate home care. The Oral Health Department sent surveys to the children in the school regarding dietary conditions, socioeconomic status of the household, oral health home care procedures, and access to routine dental care. Oral hygiene and caries status of the students was assessed in the classroom with use of the plaque and the DMFT indices. A task force appointed by the Office of Oral Health to obtain approval for a school dental screening and treatment day contacted the school principal. This is an example of a(n): A Needs assessment BProgram objective CImplementation strategy D Evaluation outcome

The school nurse at the Williston Elementary School contacted the Vermont Department of Health, Office of Oral Health, with some concerns about the students in the school. During routine checkups, the nurse noticed a high incidence of dental neglect within the school population. This was evidenced by severe decay, poor dietary habits and inadequate home care. The Oral Health Department sent surveys to the children in the school regarding dietary conditions, socioeconomic status of the household, oral health home care procedures, and access to routine dental care. Oral hygiene and caries status of the students was assessed in the classroom with use of the plaque and the DMFT indices. The amount of untreated dental caries in this population is known as the A Caries incidence B Caries prevalence C Caries correlation DCaries validity

The use of a local anesthetic containing epinephrine is contraindicated for patients being treated with A. Selective beta-adrenergic blockers B. Non selective beta-adrenergic blockers C. Naproxyn D. Phenytoin

What is the amount of extra calories a woman needs during the first trimester of pregnancy? A. 0 B. 300 C. 900 D. 1200

What type of lymphocyte matures in the thymus, produces lymphokines, and can affect the humoral immune response? A. B lymphocyte B. T lymphocyte C. Plasma cell D. Macrophage

When one drug reduces the absorption of another drug, what is a common strategy to minimize the interaction? A. Administration of one of the drugs by injection B. Administration of doses 2 hours apart C. Withholding of all drugs for 24 hours D. Withholding of one of the drugs until therapy with other drug is completed Incorrect

When the process of ionization occurs within the x-ray tube head A. tungsten atoms remain neutral B. tungsten atoms lose an electron C. the filament is cooled D. the focusing cup absorbs electrons

Which of the following types of cells is MOST radiosensitive? A. Nerve B. Bone marrow C. Muscle D. Salivary glands

Which type of bonding in a material is MOST associated with high electrical and thermal conductivity? A. Ionic B. Metallic C. Covalent D. Secodary bond

Which type of immunity may be immediately provided to a dental hygienist following an accidental curet laceration of the finger accident during hand-activated instrumentation (scaling)? A. Natural passive immunity B. Artificial passive immunity C. Natural active immunity D. Artificial active immunity

Your usual exposure for a maxillary molar in an adult in an adult is 36 impulses. Your next patient is a small child. You should _________ the exposure time for this patient; if you don't make this change, the resulting radiograph will be too _____________. A. Decrease....light B. Decrease....dark C. Increase....light D. Increase....dark

Each of the following is an important function of saliva EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Provides buffering action B. Facilitates deglutition C. Initiates protein digestion D. Enhances flavor

A film radiograph turns yellow-brown over a period of 5 months. What is the most likely explanation? A. Film was excessively fixed Incorrect B. film was used past its expiration date C. Inadequate washing of the film D. Light leak in the dark room

A progressive autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes and is characterized by intraepithelial blister formation in the epidermis is called A. Angular cheilitis B. Paget's disease C. Pemphigus vulgaris D. Erythema multiforme

All of the following are true of glass ionomers when used as a restorative material EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Bonds to the tooth surface without acid etch B. Commonly used as a temporary crown material C. Bonds to the tooth surface without bonding agents D. Functions as both the adhesive and restorative material combined

An individual with congestive heart failure will most likely be treated with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist such as: A. lisinopril (Prinivil) B. metoprolol (Lopressor) C. valsartan (Diovan) D. furosemide (Lasix)

Because of the toxicity of local anesthesia, it is important to limit all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Amount applied B. Concentration used C. Appointment time D. Area of application

During which stage of tooth development can macrodontia and microdontia occur? A. Bud B. Cap C. Bell D. Postdevelopment

Odontogenic keratocysts are of particular clinical importance because they: A. Often become malignant B. Are frequently found in amelobastomas C. Commonly recur after surgical removal D. Often occur after endodontic treatment of a radicular cyst

Promising patients outcomes that might not be achievable is known as A Defamation B Standard of care C Breach of contract D Contributory negligence

Stimulation of ONLY Beta 2 receptors within the SANS results in which of the following responses: A. Increased heart rate B. Increased force of cardiac contractions C. Bronchodilation D. Vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle

The effect of vitamin C deficiency is primarily on A. Muscular tissue B. Nervous tissue C. Connective tissue D. Epithelial tissue

The lateral periodontal cyst that is located between the maxillary lateral and central incisor and used to be considered a fissural cyst is termed a/an A. Median palatine cyst B. Stafne bone cyst C. Globulomaxillary cyst D. Dermoid cyst

The maximum intensity of effect that can be produced by a drug regardless of dose is known as: A. potency B. therapeutic index C. efficacy D. dose-effect curve

The school nurse at the Williston Elementary School contacted the Vermont Department of Health, Office of Oral Health, with some concerns about the students in the school. During routine checkups, the nurse noticed a high incidence of dental neglect within the school population. This was evidenced by severe decay, poor dietary habits and inadequate home care. The Oral Health Department sent surveys to the children in the school regarding dietary conditions, socioeconomic status of the household, oral health home care procedures, and access to routine dental care. Oral hygiene and caries status of the students was assessed in the classroom with use of the plaque and the DMFT indices. Comparing the group DNFT data obtained at the beginning of the program and 90 days later is an example of A Program planning B Program implementation C Program evaluation D Program assessment

When epinephrine is added to a local anesthetic agent, all of the following occur EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Cardiac output and heart rate are increased B. Coronary arteries dilate causing increase in blood flow C. Systolic blood pressure decreases D. Overall decrease in cardiac efficiency occurs

When taking a panographic film, the _________________ must be perpendicular with the floor. A. midsagittal plane B. ala-tragus line C. Frankfort plane D. maxilla

Which is the following cements is most irritating to the pulp of a tooth A. ZOE B. Calcium hydroxide C. Zinc phosphate D. Glass ionomer

Which of the following permanent teeth occlude with only one tooth in the opposite arch, assuming ideal relations exist? A. Maxillary canine B. Maxillary first molar C. Mandibular central incisor D. Mandibular first premolar

Which tooth is known for its bifurcated root? A. Mandibular second premolar B. Maxillary second premolar C. Maxillary first premolar D. Mandibular first premolar

All of the following are characteristic of papillary hyperplasia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Associated with secondary fungal infection or bacterial infections Incorrect B. Displays a pebble-like apprearance C. The great majority of cases are seen beneath ill-filling dentures D. It is a benign overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue

All of the following are necessary criteria for bacteria to infect the periodontium EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. The host must be susceptible to periodontal pathogens B. Bacteria must be present in a virulent form C. Bacteria must be organized into complex communities to initiate disease D. Bacteria must be aerobic and not viable in the oral cavity

All of the following are positive reproductions of the dental structures EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Diagnostic cast B. Working cast C. Die D. Impression

All of the following are true about the post-eruptive effects of carbohydrates on teeth EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Carbohydrtaes are an energy source for S. Mutans B. The end product for glycolysis for cariogenic bacteria is lactic acid C. S. mutans synthesizes polysaccharides from sucrose which have a strong affinity for enamel D. Dietary sweeteners such as sugar alcohols are cariogenic carbohydrates.

An increase in the milliamperage (mA) setting on the control panel will result in A. higher contrast film B. a less dense or "thin" film C. less image magnification D. a denser or darker film

Anemia is frequently associated with a deficiency of A. Vitamins A and D B. Vitamins C and D C. Vitamins E and K D. Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid E. Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Niacin

Collagenase is A. An enzyme produced by bacteria that causes the breakdown of epithelial cells B. An enzyme produced by the host's inflammatory cells that causes the production of collagen fibers Incorrect C. A type of enzyme produced by the B-lymphocytes and causes bone breakdown D. An enzyme produced by periodontal pathogens and the host's inflammatory cells that causes the breakdown of collagen fibers

D-speed film is the fastest intraoral film. Films with higher speed (faster films) have poorer diagnostic quality than films with lower speed (slow films). A.The first statement is true, the second is false I B. The first statement is false, the second is true C. Both statements are true D. Both statements are false

Each of the following are environmental risk factors associated with the development of cleft lip or palate in-utero EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Use of tobacco B. Alcohol consumption C. Diet low in folic acid D. Untreated periodontal disease

In which one of the following processes does Meckel's cartilage form? A. Maxillary B. Frontal C. Temporal D. Mandibular

Microorganisms colonize the pellicle randomly. The pellicle is composed of glycoproteins derived from gingival crevicular fluid. Select One: a. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FAlSE b. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE c. Both statements are TRUE d. Both statements are FALSE

Most of the crystals on a dental x-ray film are made up of which compound? A. Silver iodide B. Potassium bromide C. Silver sulfide D. Silver bromide

The articulating surface of the condyle rotates within the: A. External acoustic meatus B. Styloid process C. Coronoid notch D. Mandibular fossa

The clinician can avoid permanently deforming the alginate impression when removing it from the mouth by: A.removing it slowly and carefully B. removing it before it is completely set C. having the patient assist in removal D. removing it with a quick snap

The dental hygienist accidentally uses latex gloves on a patient with a latex allergy, and the patient has a severe allergic reaction. Which action has the dental hygienist committed? (select all that apply) A Civil offense BIntentional tort C Criminal offense D Unintentional tort

The first step in the scientific method of research is to A. Formulate a hypothesis B. Identify a target population C. Collect data and perform needs assessment D. Formulate a question

The following is true about drug efficacy: A. A drug which is effective at 10 micrograms has more efficacy than a drug which is effective at 10 milligrams. B. It is a measure of the amount of drug needed to produce a given effect. C. It is a measure of the drug bioavailability. D. It describes the ability of a drug to produce its therapeutic effect.

The patient has an artificial heart valve requiring prophylactic premedication before the dental hygiene appointment and does not take the medication because of an upset stomach. The dental hygienist fails to ask if the patient has taken the premedication, and the patient develops infective endocarditis. The dental hygienist is guilty of A A criminal act B Technical battery C Breach of contract D Contributory negligence

The school nurse at the Williston Elementary School contacted the Vermont Department of Health, Office of Oral Health, with some concerns about the students in the school. During routine checkups, the nurse noticed a high incidence of dental neglect within the school population. This was evidenced by severe decay, poor dietary habits and inadequate home care. The Oral Health Department sent surveys to the children in the school regarding dietary conditions, socioeconomic status of the household, oral health home care procedures, and access to routine dental care. Oral hygiene and caries status of the students was assessed in the classroom with use of the plaque and the DMFT indices. When analyzing the DMFT data for this population, a high D value and relatively low M and F value indicates that this program most likelY A Needs periodontal therapy B Is in the need of an oral prophylaxis C Would be good candidates for dental sealants D Does not have regular access to dental care

The two main inorganic minerals found in supragingival calculus are: A. Magnesium and sodium chloride B. Sodium and potassium phosphate C. Calcium carbonate and zinc oxide D. Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

Vitamin A is important in A. Helping eyes to adapt to dim light B. Maintain healthy skin C. Preventing scurvy D. Both a and b

What is the purpose of added filtration in an x-ray unit? A. absorbs excess electrons from the tube current B. Increases the number of x-ray photons C. Decreases the average energy of the x-rays D. Absorbs low-energy x-rays from the primary beam

Which of the following are primary periodontal pathogens? A. Actinomyces viscosus B. Streptococcus Mutans C. Streptococcus sanguinis D. Porphromonas gingivalis

Which of the following can be determined by radiographic examination? A. Relationships between soft and hard tissues B. Degree of tooth mobility C. Comprehensive picture of supporting bone loss D. Presence of heavy proximal calculus

Which of the following demonstrates the most effective and efficient us of a dental public heath hygienists' time? A Conducting regular oral health screenings Bndering oral prophylaxes and topical fluoride treatments C Delivering dental health instruction to elementary and secondary school children D Organizing teachers to implement a school-based program involving self-application of topical fluoride

Which of the following hormones lowers blood glucose? A. Thyroxine B. Growth hormone C. Epinepherine D. Glucagon E. Insulin

Which of the following is the major inflammatory mediator associated with alveolar bone loss in periodontal disease? A. Interleukin-1 B. Matrix metalloproteinase C. Tumor necrosis factor D. Prostaglandin E2

Which of the following is true regarding ghost images on a panoramic radiograph? A. Appear on the same side as the true image B. Appear at a lower level than the true image C. Appear more blurred than the true image D. The ghost image has the same general shape as its real counterpart.

Which of the following lesions may occur within the jaw bone? A. adenoid cystic carcinoma B. polymorphous low-grade carcinoma C. acinic cell adenocarcinoma D. mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Which of the following medications would not be an appropriate choice for reduction of Pain and inflammation associated with arthritis? A. ibuprofen B. aspirin (Bayer) C. naproxen sodium (Aleve) D. acetaminophen (Tylenol)

You have just exposed and processed a periapical radiograph (film) and decide you want to increase the contrast of the image. What changes would you make in exposure to increase thecontrast while maintain the appropriate radiographic density of the image? A. Increase kVp, decrease mA B. Decrease mA, increase exposure time C. Increase exposure time, decrease mA D. Decrease kVp

Zinc is a very important trace element for which of the following conditions? A. During hemoglobin synthesis and energy production B. During kidney failure C. When gaining too much weight D. During periods of rapid tissue growth

which of the following antiseizure drugs is associated with drug-influenced gingival enlargement? A) gabapentin B) Lamotrigine C) Phenobarbital D) Phenytoin

Symptoms of ketoacidosis include all of the following EXCEPT one/ Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Polydipsia B. Fruity smelling breath C. PlyphagiA D. Polyuria E. Urticaria

The founding principle of all health care professions is A Veracity B Autonomy C Beneficence D Confidentiality E Nonmaleficence

Which of the following factor/s can influence the light output of a curing light? A. change involtage B. Distance from source C. Degradation of bulb and filter Incorrect D. Sterilization of light tip E. a, b, c, and d

A sealant is placed on permanent molars to prevent A) class I caries B) class II caries C) class III caries D) class IV caries E class V caries

All of the following are functions of the parasympathetic nervous system EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. dilates pupils b. stimulates saliva c. dilates blood vessels d. constricts bronchiolar diameter

All of the following are prerequisites for the development of dental caries EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a) family history of dental caries b) susceptible host c) supply of substrate for acid production d) cariogenic bacteria

A patient with ectodermal dysplasia may present with which finding? a. hypodontia b. fever c. strawberry tongue d. angular cheilitis

A chancre is present during which stage of syphilis infection? a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d)quaternary

A drug's duration is a. the length of time that a drug has an effect b. the pharmacological activity of a drug c. the time it takes for a drug to produce an effect d. represented on the log-dose curve by the maximum response

A patient is concerned that the medication she is taking for her hypothyroidism is not working well. Each of the following symptoms could indicate the patient is receiving too much medication EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. fatigue b. tremor c. irritability d. arryhthmia e. nervousness

All of the following characteristics are associated with a gram-negative cell wall structure EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. two layers b. high lipid content c. periplasmic space d. contains endotoxin

All of the following medications has been associated with gingival hyperplasia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Inderal b. Phenytoin c. Nifedipine d. Cyclosporine

All of the following present as radiolucent lesions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. odontoma b. ameloblastoma c. dentigerous cyst d. odontogenic keratocyst e. lateral periodontal cyst

Bone marrow anoxia occurs in: a) secondary polycythemia B) pernicious anemia C) thalassemia D) aplastic anemia

Demineralization of enamel occurs when the pH of enamel drops below 4.5-5.5. This known as the critical pH level. a) both statements are true b) both statements are false c) the first statement is true, the second statement is false d the first statement is false, the second statement is true

If a child accidentally ingests a toxic quantity of fluoride, the hygienist should FIRST: A. Induce vomiting by physical or chemical means B. Force fluids to dilute the fluoride concentration C. Have the child eat high-fiber foods to speed the elimination of the fluoride D. Have the child drink a sodium bicarbonate solution to neutralize the toxicity of the fluoride

Images exposed at 40 kVp are predominantly black and white; this means that the image displays: a. high contrast b. low constrast c. high density d. low density

In treating fibrous dysplasia, which one of the following would not be advised becaused it can trigger a malignancy? A) radiation B) surgery C) chemotherapy D) bone marrow depressants

In which of the following locations is a lateral periodontal cyst usually found? A) between the roots of mandibular canines and premolars B) between the roots of maxillary central incisors C) on the maxillary canine D) in the mandibular third molar area

It is the dental hygienist's responsibility not to use treatment to injure or wrong the client, i.e., inflicting no harm. This provider's duty is referred to as: A. Nonmaleficence B. Beneficence C. Fidelity D. Veracity

Linea alba is a form of: a. frictional keratosis b. melanin pigmentation c. allergic reaction d. leukoedema

Mixed tumors are most often found in the: A) palate B) mandible C) buccal mucosa D) lymph nodes

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis is associated with severe and rapid periodontal destruction. Aggressive periodontitis occurs prior to age 35 and is associated with rapid rate of progression of tissue destruction. a) both statements are true b) both statements are false c)the first statement is true, the second statement is false d) the first statement is false, the second statement is true

On which of the following bones is the pterygoid process a landmark for attachment of many muscles of mastication, located? A) sphenoid B) Temporal C)Mandible D) Maxilla

One of the benefits of using glass ionomer cement is that: a. it releases fluoride b. its mixed with polyacrylic acid c. it has high chemical affinity for enamel d. it undergoes an exothermic reaction when mixed

Parenteral routes of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. oral route b. inhalation route c. subcutaneous route d. intramuscular route

Penicillin's mechanism of action: a. destorys the bacterial cell wall b. inhibits bacterial protein synthesis c. reduces inflammation associated with infections d. inhibits nucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in pathogenic bacteria

Sucrose is hydrolyzed into: a. glucose and fructose b. glucose and galactose c. two molecules of glucose d. two molecules of fructose

The clinical assessment reveals an inflamed, palpable benign tumor in the anterior of the palate, lingual to the maxillary incisors. the tumor arises from deeper tissue and appears to originate form the periodontal Iigament. The radiograph shows the lesion infiltrating bone but no metastasis. The client is a 35 yr old woman. a possible diagnosis is a: A) peripheral giant cell granuloma B) lipoma C) torus palatinus D) mixed tumor

The dentogingival unit collectively refers to the: A. The epithelial attachment and gingival CT attachment to the cementum B. The epithelial attachment and gingival CT attachment to the periosteum C. The epithelial attachment and the free gingiva D. The free gingiva

The liner most commonly used to stimulate the development of secondary dentin in the event of a pulp exposure is: a. calcium hydroxide b. zinc-oxide/eugenol c. zinc phosphate cement d. resin-modified glass ionomer

The most common type of bacteria on the dorsum of the tongue and other soft tissues in a heath mouth: a. streptococci b. staphylococci c. porphyromonas d. fusobacterium

The nasal septum is composed of: A. Vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone B. Greater wing of the sphenoid bone C. Mandible and temporal bones D. Occipital and parietal bones

The opaque structure surrounding a tooth's rooth is: a. the lamina dura b. the periodontal ligament c. dentinal tubules d. none of the above

The primary function of mRNA is: a. translation b. transcription c. protein synthesis d. energy production

The primary lymphatic node which drains the lower incisors, tipof the tongue, midline of the life, chin and floor of the mouth is the: a. submental node b. submandibular node c. inferior deep cervical node d. superior deep cervical node

The process of transferring a drug from the site of administration to the blood stream is known as: a. absorption b. distribution c. elimination d. drug metabolism

The purpose of extracellular slime layer found on biofilms is to: A. Protect microcolonies from antibiotics and antimicrobials B. Protect microcolonies from sessile, mushroom-shaped bacteria C. Allow chemical signals to communicate with other bacteria D. Allow host defenses to initiate immunity

The radiographic location of the zygomatic arch relative to the other dental structures may be influenced by the beam angulation. a. true b. false

The type of epithelial tissue that is found in the oral cavity is called: a Stratified squamous epithelium B. Simple columnar epithelium C. Simple cuboidal epithelium D. Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

The type of fluoride recommended as a 1.1% (5000 parts per million [ppm]) preparation intended to be brushed on daily is: A. Sodium fluoride (NaF) B. Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) C. Stannous fluoride (SnF2) D. Monofluorophosphate

The type of tissue normally present around the canine area is: A) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium B) non keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium C) keratinizd simple squamous epithelium D) pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

This type of microscopy used to observe living cells is: a) phase-contrast microscopy b) fluorescence microscopy c) bright field microscopy d) dark field microscopy

What is a radiographic sign of a patient with scleroderma? a. widened periodontal ligament space b. hypercementosis c. generalized bone loss d. mixed radiolucent/radiopacities in all four quadrants

What is a treatment consideration for a patient with Bell's palsy? a. offer goggles during dental hygiene care b. suggest home fluoride rinses c. treat patient sitting up d. offer simple instructions, "tell/show/do"

What is a treatment consideration for a patient with schizophrenia? a. lower the office music b. schedule as first patient of the day c. work in a dimly-lit room d. schedule as first appointment after lunch

What is common complaint of a patient with Paget's disease? a. teeth have more spacing between b. tongue has a burning sensation c. palate feels granular and pebbly d. teeth are temperature sensitive

What is the MOST accurate description of chronic periodontitis? A) a long-standing inflammatory disease with periods of remission and exacerbation B)a long-standing inflammatory disease that usually does not manifest itself clinically before the age of 40 C) a degenerative disease of the periodontium characterized by bone loss D)a slowly progressive inflammatory disease that most often affects the entire dentition equally

What is the name of the zone in which structures are clearly demonstrated on panoramic radiograph? A. Focal trough B. Rectification C. Penumbra D. Midsagittal plane

What is the relationship of drug potency and drug efficacy? a. drug efficacy and potency are not related b. as potency increases, drug efficacy decreases c. as potency decreases, drug efficacy increases d. as drug efficacy increases, drug potency increases

When a product has "substantivity," it has A. To be effective over an extended period with the retention of its potency B. To stay in the oral cavity after exposure to the agent C. To have binders and filters added to give it more substance D. To be bound to the pellicle and tooth surface

When administering nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation, what stage of anethesia should the patient be maintained? a. stage I b. stage II c. stage IV d. stage III

When attempting to localize a foreign object relative to the dental structures: a. the lingual object moves the same direction (mesial or distal) to the tubehead b. the lingual object moves the opposite direction (mesial or distal) as the tubehead

When taking a radiograph, how many inches is the recommended size of the beam at the client's face? A. 2.75 B. 3.25 C. 3.50 D. 4.00

Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with opioid analgesics? a. sedation b. hypertension c. diarrhea d. superinfection

Which anatomic landmake appears radiolucent on a radiographic image? a. median palatal suture b. nasal septum c. floor of the nasal cavity d. enamel

Which bacterial species is NOT associated with chronic periodontitis? a. streptococcus mutans b. porphyromonas gingivalis c. treponema denticola d. prevotella intermedia

Which fatty acids maintain serum cholesterol levels? a. monounsaturated b. polyunsaturated c. triglycerides d. saturated

Which form of the x-ray beam is MOST detrimental to the client and the operator? A. Primary radiation B. Secondary radiation C. Scatter radiation D. Useful beam

Which of the following Core Values states that patients have a right to privacy and freedom of choice? a. autonomy b. beneficence c. societal trust d. confidentiality e. non-maleficence

Which of the following factors may increase the risk of bradycardia? A. Exercise B. Fasting C. Stimulants D. Anxiety

Which of the following is OSHA NOT responsible for? a. employer b. employee c. clinics and facilities d. material safety and data sheets

Which of the following is a common characteristic of individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa? A) protein energy malnutrition B) Lower income C) normal weight D) easygoing personality

Which of the following types of hepatitis is most likely transmitted by person-to-person contact, generally through fecal contamination, and is facilitated by poor personal hygiene? a. HAV b. HBV c. HCV d. HDV

Which of the type of cell is MOST prominent in a healthy periodontal ligament space? a. fibroblast b. osteoblast c. osteoclast d. neutrophil

Which one of the following can be a characteristic of phempigus vulgaris? A) nikolsky sign B) occurs predominantly in African American females C) has an etiology of drug reaction D) occurs predominantly in white males

Which statement about nicotine stomatitis is false? a. represents a pre-malignant condition b. may appear erythematous or white c. openings of minor salivary glands are seen d. results from the exposure of heat and smoke to the palate

Why is the thyroid collar not recommended for panoramic imaging? a. it blocks the x-ray beam and obscures information b. the thyroid glad receives little or no radiation dose in panoramic imaging c. the thyroid collar cannot be sterilized d. the thyroid collar obscures the view of the frankfort plane

Your adult male patient comes into the clinic with a blank, expressionless face. You also notice that he appears to be staring. What conditions might you consider? a. Parkinson's disease b. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder c. congenital heart disease d. COPD

a platlet cound of 150,000 - 400,000 of blood and a normal bleeding time are NOT indicative of: A) thrombocytopenia B) anemia C) leukemia D) nonthrombocytopenia

all of the following tissue changes result in true periodontal pocket formation except one. Which one is the exception? A)coronal migration of the gingival margin B) apical migration of the epithelial attachment C)apical migration of the gingival margin D)destruction of the connective tissue attachment E)resorption of the alveolar bone

decreasing all of the following EXCEPT one would result in decreased film density. which one is the EXCEPTION? A) PID length B) exposure time C)kilovoltage D) Miliamperage E) developing time

one of the following is INCORRECT regarding fluoride. Which one is INCORRECT? A) promotes demineralization of the enamel B) inhibits acid production in dental biofilm C) prevents demineralization of the enamel D) decreases adherence to dental biofilm

streptococcus mutans is a major causative agent in the formation of caries because s. mutans adheres to hard surfaces a) both the statement and reason are correct and related b) both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related c) the statement is correct, but the reason is NOT d) the statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct e) neither the statement NOR the reason is correct

the anatomic feature of the mx molar used in angles classification of malocclusion is: A) mesiobuccal cusp B) cusp of carabelli C) mesiobuccal (buccal) groove D)mesiolingual groove

the clinical oral examination of the patient reveals a possible leukoplakia. the first course of action should be to: A) perform a scalpel biopsy B) perform a cytologic smear C) give the client vitamin A therapy D) have the patient return in 2 months to evaluated the growth

the dental hygienists on the task force develop an oral health education program that is bilingual. The use of bilingual presentation supports the concept of: A) cultural competence B) educational methodology C) demographic trends D) cultural diversity

the lateral palatine processes initially grow downward toward the future floor of the mouth. this caused by the prescence of the: a) tongue b) nasal septum c) maxillary process d) premaxilla e) mandibular process

the patient has a 2mm probing depth on the fascial aspect of tooth #6, he has a 3mm of recession, what is the attachment loss in this area? A) 5mm B)2mm C)3mm D)1mm

the usual location of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (cementoma) is: A) mandibular anteriors B) maxillary anteriors C) the mandibular ramus D) maxillary premolars

to create an anesthetic pathway, when should the slow flow rate of anesthetic be initiated? A)just prior to puncturing the tissue and maintained during slow needle penetration B)after the bevel has entered the tissue, but before reaching the final landmark C) after the needle is well within the connective tissue and the final landmark is reached D) it is up to the discretion of the operator and the tolerance of the client

to get the greatest increase in the amount of radiation produces in a 0.5 second exposure, the operator must increase the: A) miliamperage B) kilovoltage C)impulses D) filtration E) collimation

wavelength determines the strength and penetrating power of the radiation; the longer the wavelength the greater the strength and penetrating power of the radiation A) the first statement is true, and the second statement is false B)the first statement is false, and the second statement is true C)both statements are true D)both statements are false

what nerve that exits the mental foramen is a branch of the: A) inferior alveolar nerve B) middle superior alveolar nerve C) lingual nerve D) posterior superior alveolar nerve E) inferior alveolar nerve

when administering oxygen, low-flow oxygen is provided to the client through a: A) nasal cannula B) nonrebreather mask C)ambu bag D) regulator

which of the following characteristics would be expected in a patient with early (stage 1) alzeheimers disease? A) forgetfulness B)pacing C)disorientation D) incontinence

which of the following core values states that patients have a right privacy and freedom of choice? a) autonomy b) beneficence c) societal trust d) confidentiality e) non maleficence

which of the following guage numbers indicates the needle with the smallest lumen? A) 30 ga B)27 ga C)25 ga D23 ga

which of the following is OSHA NOT responsible for? a) employer b) employee c) clinics and facilities d) material and safety data sheets

which of the following is characteristic of hyperglycemia? A) polydipsia B) edema C) double vision D) weight gain

which of the following is found only on anterior teeth? A) cingulum B) fossa C) triangular ridge D) cuspal incline

which of the following should be given to a person with a history of rheumatic heart disease who is to undergo a scaling/oral debridement procedure, and who is not allergic to penicillin? A) amoxicillin B) clindamycin C) Doxycycline D) Erythromycin E) Metronidazole

which of the following statements best characterizes the resident flora on the hands? A) it colonizes the deeper layer of the skin B) it is less resistant to removal by handwashing C) it is the primary source of disease transmission D) it is associated with allergic contact dermatitis

which of the gingival fibers holds the gingival tissue in close proximity to the tooth? A) circular B)dentogingival C) dentoperiosteal D)transseptal E) alveologingival

which one of the following can be a characterstic of phemphigus vulgaris? A) nikolsky sign B) occurs predominately in African American females C) has drug reaction etiology D) occurs predominately in white males E) can determined by a western blot test

which one of the following characteristics does a person with leukopenia have? A) decrease in the number of white blood cells B) increase in the number of white blood cells C) decrease in the number of red blood cells D) decrease in the number of platlets

which one of the following statements about subgingival plaque biofilm is true? A) its growth and pathogenicity are strongly influenced by supragingival plaque B) it forms simulataneously and in the same manner as supragingival plaque C)it consists primarily of aerobic bacteria D)only bacterial by-products cause destruction E) subgingival plaque does not differ from supra-gingival plaque

which term is used for the practice of treating a clients blood, bodily fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes as potentially infectious for diseases such as HIV, HBV, and HCV? A) standard precautions B) pervasive percautions C) universal precautions D) protective precautions

why is it crictical that the point of the ultrasonic tip never be adapted to the root A) can gouge and permanently damage the root surface B) generates too much heat C) not effective in deposit removal D) uncomfortable for the clinician

A patient is being treated for prehypertension, vital signs are 148/90, pulse is 76, respiration is 14. He discontinued steroid medication to treat an inflammatory condition. During treatment the patient complains of abdominal discomfort and generalized weakness. The most likely cause for the clients initial symptoms is: A) acute adrenal insufficiency B)allergic reaction C) diabetic coma D) stroke The clients condition most likely results from: A) to much cortisol B) too much insulin C) insufficient cortisol D) insufficient insulin

a; c

A 50-year old woman is examined in a dental office. She smokes, is sensitive to sun light, and has has basal cell carcinoma of the lower lip. She has a medical history of intestinal polyps and has had a hysterectomy. Upon dental clinical examination, she is found to have yellow elevated areas on the mucosa of her lower lip and on her buccal mucosa, bilaterally. The patient most probably has, from a dental point of view: a. candidiasis b. fordyce granules c. nicotine stomatitis d. lupus erythematosis

A leading cause of dentinal hypersensitivity is due to the incorporation of what ingredient in toothpaste? a. baking soda b. pyrophosphates c. potassium nitrate d. hydrogen peroxide

A lesion found on the buccal mucosa of a 30 yr old white woman is pink, well defined, and soft to palpation. It has been slow growing and histologically consist of collagenous fibers, fibroblasts, and fibrocytes, but with no fat cells or bone. It has a pedunculated base. The lesion is most likely as: A) sarcoma B) fibroma C) fibrolipoma D) fibro-osteoma

A material that is highly ductile. a. will easily break when stretched b. can undergo a change of form without breaking c. will generate an electrical current in an acidic environment d. can recover its original shape after having undergone a force

A patient moved during radiographic exposure. Identify the error that will result: a. increased magnification b. decreased sharpness c. decreased distortion d. increased sharpness

A patient presents with a recent blood work-up indication a positive titer for HBeAg. What is their disease status? a. low infectivity b. active hep B c. immune to hep B d. resolving HBV infection

A patient's earring may appear: a. on the ipsilateral poserior side of the image b. on the contralateral posterior side of the image c. superimposed on the anterior teeth d. it will not appear

A radiograph shows an unerupted mandibular third molar with a 3cm pericoronal radiolucency. The most likely diagnosis is: a. primordial cyst b. dentigerous cyst c. lateral periodontal cyst d. odontogenic keratocyst

A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. What type of epidemiologic study is exemplified by this research? A. Retrospective cohort B. Cross-sectional C. Case-control D. Prospective cohort E. Experimental

A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. Which of the following is characteristic of the type of sampling used to collect these data? A. Simple random B. Stratified C. Systematic D. Convenience

All of the following are characteristic of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis except one. which one of the exception ? A) punched out papillae B) hyperkeratinization C) odor D) pain and bleeding

All of the following are components of informed consents EXCEPT one? which one is the exception? A) diagnosis, proposed treatments, and benefits B) patients health history C) risks of proposed treatment D) alternative treatment E) prognosis if treatment is refused

All of the following are true about Informed Consent EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Prognosis b. Cost of procedure c. Alternatives to procedure d. Benefits/risks of procedure e. Presented in understandable language

All options are suggested for treatment of persons with hypertension except one. Which is the exception? a. nitrous oxide sedation b. air polisher c. sit patient up slowly d. home fluoride use

Amperage measures the electric potential or force that moves electrons along a conductor. increasing the force with which the electrons move will increase the penetrating potential of the x ray beam. A)the first statement is true, and the second statement is false B) the first statement is false and the second statement is true C)both statements are true D) both statements are false

Analgesia is the loss pain, touch,temperature, and pressure. Anesthesia is the abscene of pain sensation only. A)Both statements are true B) both statements are false C)the first statement is true, and the second statement is false D)the first statement is false, and the second statement is true

Antifluoridationists recently identified that a local community's water supply system had fluoride levels above the optium level. The antifluoridationists began a campaign to discourage people from drinking the water, emphasizing non scientific- based claims about the health hazards of water fluoridation. which of the following is the MOST appropriate response for the dental professionals living in the community? A) ignore the antifluoridationists claims B) work with local officials to implement defluoridation equipment for the water supply system C) work with antifluoridationists to reduce water consumption from the community water system D) write letters to the editor educating the public about the benefits of fluoridated water systems

Because of the proximity of odontoblastic cell bodies to nerve terminal endings in the tooth, clinical exposure of dentin may result in sensitivity. what is the location of the odontoblastic bodies? a) dentin b)pulp c) enamel d) cementum e) periodontal ligament

Bruxism is a pathologic manifestation of which of the following conditions? a. erosion b. attrition c. abrasion d. abraction

During a major motor seizure, the primary objective of the dental staff is to: a. keep the patient from moving b. keep the patient from injuring him/herself c. keep the patient from biting his/her tongue d. keep the patient from destroying the dental equipment

The required elements of a binding contract between a dental hygienist and the employer-dentist include all of the following elements below EXCEPT ONE? which one is the exception? A) consideration B) offer C) acceptance D) mutuality E) satisfaction

Three developmental processes must fuse to create the upper lip. They are: a. median nasal, lateral nasal, and globular b. globular, and the left and right maxillary processes c. left and right maxillary processes and the 1st branchial arch d. lateral nasal, globular and the left and right maxillary process

To slow the set of gypsum and gain more working time in pouring a model, a person would: a. mix with hot water b. add borax to the mix c. mix with really cold water d. add potassium sulfate to the mix

Too much vertical angulation results in periapical images that are: a. elongated b. foreshortened c. overlapped d. lighter than normal

What is the BEST way to conduct a needs assessment in a large group? a. interview b. written survey c. direct observation d. type 1 examination

What is the IDEAL situation for guided tissue regeneration surgery? A. Formation of a long junctional epithelium B. Regeneration of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone C. Epithelial tissue covering the wound area D. Keratinization of the gingiva

What is the best time to provide dental care to a pregnant women? a. first trimester b. second trimester c. third trimester d. it is best to delay dental hygiene care until after the baby is born

What is the typical location of a ranula? a. labial mucosa b. floor of the mouth c. lateral border of the tongue d. dorsal surface of the tonge

What organ is MOST involved with drug metabolism? a. brain b. liver c. spleen d. kidney

Where is the submandibular salivary gland located? A) anterior to the sublingual gland B) inferior to the mylohyoid muscle C) lateral to the angle of the mandible D) in the mandible vestibule area

Which antibody is the ONLY antibody to cross the placental barrier? a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgD

Which medication is NOT associated with gingival hyperplasia as an adverse effect? a. Dilantin (phenytoin) b. Tenormin (atenolol) c. Procardia (nifedipine) d. Cyclosporins

Which of the following characteristics are generally associated with an acute inflammatory state? a. pallor b. edema c. stippling d. fibrotic tissue

Which of the following is the best way to avoid a dental lawsuit? a. proper diagnosis b. proper documentation c. moderation of treatment d. verification of treatment plan by dentist

Which of the following phrases regarding healing after periodontal surgery defines the reunion of the connective tissue and root that have been separated by incision or injury but not by disease? A. Healing by repair B. Healing by reattachment C. Healing by new attachment D. Healing by regeneration

Which one of the following cysts has the potential for developing into an ameloblastoma? A) lateral periodontal cyst B) primordial cyst C) stafne bone cyst D) residual cyst

Which type of immune hypersensitivity reaction is implicated in transfusion reactions? a. Type I- Anaphylaxis b. Type II- Cytotoxic reaction c. Type IV- Delayed hypersensitivity d. Type III- Immune complex reaction

Your patient has a toothache associated with tooth #29 and placed an asprin of the buccal mucosa nearby. What lesion may be produced? a. melanotic macule b. ulcer c. fibroma d. granuloma

a cleft lip occurs when the maxillary process fails to fuse with the a) palatine process b) globular process c) lateral nasal process d) mandibular process e) opposing maxillary process

a lesion found on the buccal mucosa of a 30 year old white woman is pink, well defined and soft to palpation. it has been slow-growing and histologically consists of collagenous fibers, fibroblasts, and fibrocytes, but with no fat cells or bone. It has a pedunculated base. The lesion is most likely a: A) sarcoma B) fibroma C) fibrolipoma D) fibro-osteoma D) papilloma

a patient is a 28-year old woman who is pregnant. A gingival lesion involving the interproximal papillae between teeth 7&8 on the labial surface is bright red, soft, and spongy; it bleeds easily and is caused by an irritant. the histology report shows proliferation of inflammatory cells and thin epithelium. The lesion is most likely: A) a fibroma B) a pyogenic granuloma C) redundant tissue D) a papilloma E) pseudopapillomatosis

a pyogenic granuloma is known to scar down to an: A) pregnancy tumor B) fibrogranuloma C) lipoma D) osteoma

all of the following are true about informed consent EXCEPT one. which one is the exception? a) prognosis b) cost of procedure c) alternatives to procedure d) benefits/risks of procedure e) presented in understandable language

all of the following metabolic regulators are anabolic except one. which one is the EXCEPTION? A) insulin B) adrenocorticotropic hormone C) growth hormone D) sex hormone

an intraoral examination of the gingiva reveals a clinical picture of punched-out papillae. The patient complains of pain and a bad taste. the history indicates that the patients diet is poor, that he has been under stress, and the he has had little rest. what is the best course of action? A) perform culture and laboratory studies B) apply a therapeutic course debride the mouth and recommend hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse and systemic antibodies C) immediately refer the patient to a periodontist D)peroform periodontal therapy, including extensive root planning and stain removal E) send the patient for a complete blood cell count

anesthetics decrease or limit the sensation of pain by: A) decreasing the firing threshold B)preventing depolarization C)repolarizing the nerve membrane D)causing hyperpolarization

as a part of research methods course, a dental hygiene student, following appropriate research protocol, decides to monitor all allied health science students on campus to determine how many students become ill with the flu during the three months of fall term. This BEST describes which of the following principles of research? A) count B) incidence C) prevalence D) proportion

by which of the following mechanisms do aersols gain entry into the bodies of OHCW's? A) ingestion B) inhalation C) nonintact skin D) mucous membranes

clients taking warfarin (Coumadin) may take which of the following for pain? A)ibuprofen B) acetaminophen C) naproxen D) aspirin

clinically this white cauliflower lesion is similar to a wart. this histology report indicates long fingerlike projections of epithelium. the etiology is unknown, what is the most likely condition? A) verruca vulgaris B) papilloma C) aspirin burn D) linea alba E) melanoma

embryonically, the mandible is derived from the: a) stomedeum b) first brachial arch c)frontal processes d) second brachial arch e) third brachial arch

in which of the following conditions would delayed eruption of permanent teeth be expected? A) graves disease B) mental retardation C) spina bifida D) muscular dystrophy

placing a sealant on a childs tooth without getting parental consent is an example of: a) assault b) battery c) negligence d) defamation

placing a sealant on a newly erupted permanent tooth is beneficial because patients with down syndrome have minimal caries experience a) both the statement and reason are correct and related b) the the statement and reason are correct but NOT related c) the statement is correct, but the reason is NOT d) the statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct e) neither the statement NOR the reason is correct

polymerization shrinkage, the MOST serious problem associated with dental composite, leads to A) pitting of the composite surface B) marginal leakage C) wear of the composite D) water absorption

sodium fluoride compounds, calcium hydroxide, potassium oxalate, and ferric oxalates are all agents commonly used in A) calculus - softening products B) tooth - desensitizing products C) tartar-control dentifrices D) anticavity products

the administration of a local anesthetic agent into an area of inflammation has a decreased anesthetic effect. The best explanation is: A)inflamed tissue has a high pH B)the local anesthetic remains in the salt form (ionized) C) vascularity is decreased in the area of inflammation D)the local anesthetic is converted to the free base (un-ionized)

the color of the gingiva may be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT one. which one is the exception? a) keratinization b) connective tissue projections c) thickness of epithelium d) blood supply e) pigmentation

the crest of the alveolar bone is usually apical to the cemento-enamel junction (cej) by: a) the CEJ b) .75 to 1.49 mm c)3-4 mm d) 4-5 mm e) 0.5mm

the dental hygienist notes that the ankles of an elderly client appear swollen. His respiratory rate is 28 respirations per minute and pulse is 100 beats per minute. Medications have been prescribed for chronic obstructive lung disease. The client complains of a sudden sever headache and weakness in his left arm. The dental hygienist suspects and begins treatment for: A)asthma B) cerebrovascular accident C) adrenal crisis D) congestive heart failure

the generalized opalescence of the buccal mucosa is most likely: a) linea alba B) leukoedema C) lichen planus D) leukoplakia

the purpose of a professional code of ethics includes all of the following EXCEPT one. which one is the exception. a) to achieve high levels of practice b) to achieve high levels of integrity c) to achieve high levels of decision making d) to achieve high levels of ethical consciousness

the task force representing the dental hygienist association seeks to maximize its resources by utilizing its association members of the financial resources it receives. The MOST cost-effective caries prevention program for the children is: A) topical fluoride treatments provided by dental hygienist B)topical fluoride treatments and sealants provided by dental hygienist C) sealants provided by dental hygienist D) oral health education and sealants provided by dental hygienist

to prepare the right premolar for nonsurgical periodontal debridement, which of the following nerves need to anesthetized? A)right buccal nerve only B)Right MSA and greater Palatine C)Right ASA only D)Right PSA only

vasoconstrictors are added to local anesthetics to increase duration and: A)reduce toxicity by increasing the efficiency of the heart B)reduce toxicity by slowing absorption C)extend the overall shelf life D)help speed up the detoxification process

when attempting to clear a sever obstructed airway on a conscious six-moth- old infant, all of the following measures should be performed except one. Which on is the EXCEPTION? A) position infant face up for delivery of chest thrusts B) abdominal thrusts C) five back blows D)five chest thrusts

when beginning ultrasonic instrumentation on a tooth with both supragingival and subgingival calculus, one would typically begin on the more apical calculus and end with the more coronal. Subgingival calculus removal is at least as effective with ultrasonic instruments as with manual instruments if one is more thorough with both A) both statements are true B) both statements are false C) first statement is true, the second statement is false D) the first statements is false, the second statement is true

when completing a wheelchair transfer in the dental hygiene practice setting, what is the desired relationship of the dental chair to the wheelchair? A) the dental chair should be slightly higher than the wheelchair B) the dental chair should be even with the wheelchair C) the wheelchair should be slightly higher than the dental chair D)the dental chair should be three feet higher than the wheelchair

which common emergency situation is characterized by dizziness, paleness, cold sweat, and decreased blood pressure a) shock b) syncope c) cardiac arrest d) hyperventilation e) allergic reaction

which of the following makes behcets syndrome different from recurrent ulcerative stomatitis? A) bulls eye skin lesions b) a triad of locations of lesions (oral, eye, and genital) C) exudate from lesions D) mesenchymal proliferatons

which of the following vitamins is essential for the normal proliferation of epithelial cells? A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin A D) Vitamin D

which one of the following charactersitics does a person with achlorhydria have? A) a low blood glucose level B) a lack of hydrocholoric acid C) too much hydrochloric acid D) xerostomia

which one of the following is reffered to as "Cooley anemia" A) acute anemia B) thalassemia C) primary aplastic anemia D) thrombocytopenia

which one of the following vitamins an intrinsic factor for absorption? A) vitamin B6 B) vitamin B12 C) folic acid D) cobalamin

with all other factors remaining constant, a decrease in exposure time (impulses) will: A) not affect radiographic quality B)decreased radiographic density C)increased radiographic density D) decrease radiographic contrast E)increase radiographic contrast

A definitive dental diagnosis of soft tissue oral cancer is made by: A) a complete radiographic survey B)exfoliative cytology C) scalpel bioposy D) Brush test

A permanent tooth that displays hypoplasia is cause by trauma or infection during development has been termed: a. "peg" lateral b. mulberry tooth c. turner's hypoplasia d. huchinson's incisor

A recurrent intraoral herpes simplex virus infection could be seen at which location? a. tongue b. labial mucosa c. hard palate d. soft palate

A slightly raised, non coated, red, rectangular area in the midline of the tongue has been present as long as the patient can remember. It is associated with Candida albicans. this condition is most likely: A) geographic tongue B) pathologic tongue C) median rhomboid glossitis D) fissured tongue

A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. The MOST appropriate index to use to measure the plaque rate of these children is: A. DMTF/DEFT B. CPITN C. OHI-S D. PHP I

Abfraction may appear clinically similar to what other condition: a. erosion b. attrition c. abrasion d. bruxism

According to G.V. Black's classification of restorations, an anterior proximal filling would be: a. class I b. class II c. class III d. class VI

Antibiotic prophylaxis is reccommended for each of the following conditions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. heart valve prosthesis b. congenital cardiac malformations c. previous coronary artery bypass graft d. cardiac transplant with valvular dysfunction

Aspartame should NOT be consumed by individuals with: a. diabetes b. marasmus c. phenylketonuria d. high blood pressure

Bacterial organisms capable of producing catalase are able to: a. produce spores b. form oxygen free radicals c. break down hydrogen peroxide d. spread through connective tissue

Branches of the trigeminal nerve pass thru the foramina or fissures located in which of the following bones? A) Ethmoid B) Maxilla C) Sphenoid D)Temporal

By what percentage is the blade of a "mini" five instrument shorter than a traditional instrument? A. 30% B. 40% C. 50% D. The blades are the same size

CAMBRA was designed to address: a. flossing technique b. periodontal disease risk c. caries risk management d. dentinal hypersensitivity

COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) gives individuals the right keep group health insurance benefits for" a. 6 months b. 12 months c. 18 months d. 25 months e. 36 months

COBRA (consolidated omnious budget reconciliation act) gives individuals the right keep group health insurance benefits for: a) 6 months b) 12 months c) 18 months d) 24 months e)36 months

Candidiasis is an infection from which type of microorganism? a. bacteria b. viruses c. fungi d. protozoa

Class II occlusion is a molar relationship of the: A. Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal (MB) cusp of the maxillary molar B. Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is aligned with the MB cusp of the maxillary molar C. Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is distal to the MB cusp of the maxillary molar D. MB cusps of the maxillary and mandibular molars are in an end-to-end relationship Incorrect

Composite restorations may appear: a. radiopaque b. radiolucent c. both are possible

During an emergency, which route of drug administration will result in the fastest onset of a drug's action? a. oral dose b. subcutaneous route (sub-Q) c. intravenous dose (IV) d. sublingual dose

During dental prophylaxis, a patient experiences (1) a sudden loss of breath, (2) labored breathing, (3) cold, clammy skin, and (4) pain radiating to the left shoulder and arm. Which of the following has MOST likely occurred? a. stroke b. insulin shock c. coronary occlusion d. anaphylactic shock e. cerebral hemorrhage

During radiographic exposure, if the vertical angulation of the cone is too flat, the image on the film becomes distorted. Which of the following terms BEST describes the appearance of the tooth? A. Foreshortened B. Overlapped C. Elongated D. Normal

Each of the following drugs may result in an increased amount of bleeding during scaling and root planing EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. aspirin b. warfarin c. acetaminophen d. heparin

Epstein-Barr is: a. a bacteria b. gram negative c. causative for mononucleosis d. implicated in black hairy tongue

Four cranial nerves providing innervations to the tongue include: a. V, VI, XI, X b. V, VI. VII, IX c. V, VII, IX, XII d. V, VI, VII, VIII

How many roots on a maxillary molar have mesial surfaces to instrument from a buccal approach? A) none B) one C) two D) three

In a panoramic radiographic image, the hyoid bone may be superimposed: a. upon the mandibular bone b. below the mandibular bone c. it may be projected on either of the above

In the emergency treatment of angina pectoris, the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin is: a. relaxation of cardiac muscle b. blocking beta adrenergic receptors c. relaxation of vascular smooth muscle d. reflex decrease in heart rate and contractility e. analgesic action in the central nervous system

Jurisprudence is defined as: A. Breach of contract B. Malpractice Incorrect C. Philosophy or science of law D. Jury deliberation

Local anesthetic agents work by: a. increasing the rate of polarization b. shortening the rate of repolarization c. blocking peripheral nerve conduction d. preventing the efflux of potassium into the nerve cell

Most primary herpetic infections are subclinical. Recurrent hepatic infections cannot be passed form mother to child during birth a) both statements are true b) both statements are false c) first statement is true, second statement is false d) first statement is false, second statement is true

Periodontal lesions become irreversible at what histpathological stage? a. stage I - initial lesion b. stage II - early lesion c. stage IV - advanced lesion d. stage III - established lesion

Porphyromonas gingivalis are a. spherical shaped bacteria important in the formation of endotoxin b. aerobic bacillus bacteria found in high proportions on the tongue oral mucosa c. pathogenic bacillus bacteria that are prevalent in many chronic periodontal diseases d. spiral-shaped bacteria found in early plaque biofilm

Providing dental screenings would be an example of which Core Value? a. Justice b. Autonomy c. Beneficence d. Societal trust e. Community service

Symptoms of nicotine addiction include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Depression B. Anxiety C. Decreased appetite D. Irritability

The Public Health Department of Iowa alerted residents to a recent outbreak of measles in the Des Moines area. elementary schools in several districts were closed because of abnormally high rates of absenteeism due to measles. This disease outbreak is BEST described as being: a. normal b. endemic c. epidemic d. pandemic

The maxillary tuberosity is perforated by many foramina, it is the landmark for the administration of local anesthetic agent for the lingual aspect of the maxillary anterior teeth. A) both statements are true B) both statements are false C) The first statement is true, and the second statement is false D)the first statement is false, and the second statement is true

The maximum amount of epinephrine that may be administered to a patient with cardiovascular disease is a. 0.02mg b. 0.2 mg c. 0.04mg d. 0.4mg e. 4mg

The maximum amount of radiation an occupationally exposed person may receive in one week is: a. 50 mSv b. 4 mSv c. 1 mSv d. none of the above

The onset of this chronic, recurring autoimmune disease at 30 yrs, with no gender predilection, a triad symptomatic locations (oral,eye, and genital) is involved and two of the three areas must be present to make the diagnosis. You suspect: A) erythema multiforme B) steven johnsons syndrome C) behcet syndrome D) recurrent ulcerative stomatitis

The patients sensitivity in this area is most likely related to: A) fluid entering the sucular epithelium B) fluid entering the rodless enamel C) fluid entering the dentinal tubules D) fluid entering the lacuna of cementum

The prescence of transvers/oblique ridges on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth makes the placement of dental sealants and restorations difficult because of the height of these ridges. in the permanent dentition, transverse/oblique ridges are present on permanent maxillary molars and the tricuspidate form of second premolar A) both statements are true B)both statements are false C)the first statement is true, the second statement is false D)the first statement is false, and the second statement is true

The type of immunity acquired when a mother passes antibodies to her infant is called: a) natural - active b) artificial - active c) natural - passive d) artificial - passive

Three of the six bones which comprise the orbit include: a. ethmoid, frontal , parietal b. ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine c. ethmoid, sphenoid, zygoma d. ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine

Tobacco use affects the periodontium by a. vasodilation b. loss of protective keratin c. reduced blood supply to the tissues d. enhanced phagocytosis

Tobacco use increases the patient's chances of acquiring all of the following conditions except one. Which is the exception? a. lung cancer b. COPD c. dental caries d. periodontal disease

Using 10 milliamperes (mA) with an exposure time of 3 seconds would result in 30 mAs. If the milliamperage is increased to 15, the time must be decreased to __________seconds to maintain the same density of the exposed radiograph. A. 0.5 B. 1.0 C. 1.5 D. 2.0

What effect do beta-hemolytic streptococcal organisms have on red blood cells? a. they neutralize hemoglobin b. they partially degrade them c. they completely lyse red blood cells d. they have no effect on red blood cells

What procedure should be conducted FIRST by the delegation? a. Data Analysis b. Program Planning c. Needs Assessment d. Securing Additional funding

What type of supervision occurs when a licensed dentist authorizes dental hygiene procedures and remains in the dental facility while those procedures are being performed? A. General B. Direct C. Indirect D. Personal

Which abscess involving the periodontium results from inflammation involving dental follicular tissue? a. gingival abscess b. periapical abscess c. pericoronal abscess d. periodontal abscess

Which anatomic landmake could be viewed on a periapical image of the maxillary incisors? a. zygomatic process b. inverted "Y" c. inferior nasal conchae d. hamulus

Which assessment finding indicates that a patient's periodontal disease is progressing? a. periodontal pockets b. bleeding upon probing c. attachment loss increasing over time d. evidence of radiographic bone loss

Which characteristic is not typically seen in a person with Down syndrome? a. periodontal disease b. macroglossia c. increased dental caries d. gingival inflammation

Which fibers of the principal fiber group run from the alveolar crest to cementum just below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)? A. Oblique B. Horizontal C. Alveolar crest D. Inter-radicular

Which immunoglobulin is the first to appear in a given immune response? a) IgG b) IgE c) IgM d) IgD

Which is NOT a component of Vitamin B complex? a. Thiamine b. folic acid c. asorbic acid d. pantothenic acid

Which is an appropriate question for treating a patient in a wheelchair? a. "Can the doctor help you transfer?" b. "Shall I call in the caregiver for help with transferring?" c. "Can you transfer by yourself" d. "Do you want me to aid in transferring?"

Which of the following bitewing-size film is used to examine permanent posterior teeth of children and, when positioned vertically, can be used to examine anterior teeth in adults? A. Size 0 B. Size 1 C. Size 2 D. Size 3

Which one of the following is most important to the pathologist when a chondroma is suspected? A) a complete personal history of the patient B) complete removal of the tumor in question C) submission of a large enough sample of tissue for histologic study because a chondroma resembles a malignant chondrosarcoma D) radiographic of all large bones

Which one of the following tissues is MOST radiosensitive? A) endocrine B) digestive C)reproductive D)respiratory E) nervous

Which stage of a syphilis infection is least likely to be infectious? a. primary b. secondary c. latent d. all stages of syphilis infection are equally infectious

Which tooth tissue is not really viewed on a radiographic images? a. enamel b. dentin c. cementum d. pulp

Which vitamin promotes the synthesis of collagen? a. D b. A c. C d. K

after giving a PSA nerve block, the first molar remains sensitive, but the second and third molars are anesthetized. What is the best explanation for this outcome? A) the anesthetic solution was deposited too high B)not enough solution was deposited c) the mesiobuccal root is normally not anesthesized by the PSA injection D) the anesthetic solution was deposited too low

all of the following chemicals , when used as a pre procedural rinse, substantially decrease the number of microorganism escaping in aerosols and spatter EXCEPT ONE, which one Is the EXCEPTION? A) chlorahexadine gluconate B) essential oils C) carbamide peroxide D) iodophors

all of the muscles of mastication are innervated by the: A) Fascial nerve B) Hypoglossal nerve C) Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve D) Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

an appropriated connective tissue donor site for recession around a canine would be: A) buccal mucosa B) soft palate C) hard palate D) sublingual area

an ultrasonic scaler would be contraindicated for use in clients with all of the following conditions except one? which one is the EXCEPTION? A) cystic fibroma B)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease C) coronary heart disease D) bronchial asthma

clinical assessment of a lesion reveals a sever hypersensitivity reaction with the lips and tongue especially affected. Additionally, "bulls-eye" skin lesions are present and the onset of all lesions was abrupt. the condition is most likely: A) lichen planus B) herpes C) erythema multiforme D) mononucleosis E) acquired immondeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

dental alloy become amalgam when mixed with which metal? A) silver B) lead C) mercury D) magnesium

embrasures are spaces between two contacting teeth within the same arch that begin at the area of contact and flare out in a fascial, lingual, incisal/occlusal, and cervical direction. The interproximal gingiva is normal located in the incisal/occlusal embrasure. A) both statements are true B) both statements are false C) the first statement is true and the second statement is false D) the first statement is false and the second statement is true

face shields provide maximum coverage for the face and protection from spatter during oral health care procedures. Therefore, wearing a surgical facemask is not required when using a face shield. A) both statements are true B) both statements are false C) the first statement is true, the second statement is false D) The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

for which one of the following is the etiology definetley known to be an irritant? a) papilloma B) torus C) granuloma D) lipoma

in which layer of the stratified epiethlium is the leukoedema caused by significant intercellular edema? A) corneum B) basal C) prickle D) granular

of the following tissues, which one or more have nerve innervations? a) dentin and enamel b) enamel and cementum c)pulp and periodontal ligament d) dentin, pulp, and periodontal ligament e) enamel, dentine, pulp, and periodontal ligament

providing dental screenings would be an example of which core value? a) justice b) autonomy c) beneficence d) societal trust e) community service

stage 1 hypertension in a 48 year old client would be recorded if the blood pressure reading is: A) 118/74 mm Hg B) 136/84 mm Hg C)144/94 mm Hg D) 168/100 mm Hg

tetracycline therapy shoud be avoided in all of the following EXCEPT one. which one is the exception? A) young children B) nursing mothers C)post menopausal women D) pregnant women

the anterior portion, or body, of the tongue develops from the: a) second brachial arch b) maxillary process c) mandibular process d) globular process e) rathkes pouch

the chemical composition of both plaster and dental stone is A) calcium sulfate dehydrate B) potassium sulfate C) calcium sulfate hemihydrates D) potassium alginate

the potency of an anesthetic agent is primarily due to its: A) water solubility B)protein solubility C)lipid solubility D)carbohydrate solubility

the tissue lining of an unhealthy gingival sulcus consist of: a) keratinized epithelium with rete pegs b) keratinized epithelium without rete pegs c) non keratinized epithelium with rete pegs d) nonkeratanized epithelium without rete pegs e) parakertanized epithelium with rete pegs

to maintain infection control in the dark room, exposed intraoral film packets may be opened using client care gloves. Films removed from the packets aseptically may be loaded in the processor with clean dry hands A) the first statement is true, and the second statement is false B) the first statement is false, and the second statement is true C) both statements are true D) both statements are false

what is the goal of infection control in the oral health care setting? A)prevent all pathogens from entering the client treatment area B) sterilize clinical contact surfaces between clients C) reduce the dose of microbes that may be shared D) eliminate all microbes emanating from the source

when administering oxygen to a conscious client, which of the following tasks is performed first ? A)secure the facemask to cover clients mouth and nose B) compress the reservoir bag to expel the oxygen C) adjust oxygen flow to fill the reservoir bag D) turn the regulator off

which disease may have oral characteristics similar to those found in NUG? A) primary herpes B) mononucleosis C)leukemia D) northrombocytopenic purpura

which fluoride is contraindicated for use on composite and porcelain restorations? A) sodium fluoride B) hydrogen fluoride C) acidulated phosphate fluoride D) stannous fluoride

which of the following BEST describes the junctional epithelium? A)keratinized epithelium B) Basal cell epithelium C) non keratinized epithelium D orthokertanized epithelium

which of the following characteristics best describes the use of protective barriers for clinical contact surfaces? A) they need to be changed only when visibly soiled B) They should not replace disinfection between clients C) they are ideally used for surfaces that are difficult to disinfect D) they decrease the cost of maintaining asepsis

which of the following cysts is involved with non vital teeth? A) nasoalveolar cyst B) lateral periodontal cyst C)radicular cyst D) cyst of the incisive papilla E) stafne bone cyst

which of the following does NOT define the term pathogenesis? A) how the lesion begins B) behavior of the lesion C) clinical picture of lesion D) development of lesion

which of the following does NOT define the term pathogenesis? A) how the lesion begins B) behavior of the lesion C) clinical picture of the lesion D) development of the lesion E) evolution of the lesion

which of the following forms the floor of the maxillary sinuses? A) inferior nasal conchae B)infratemporal crest C)Alveolar process of the maxilla D)Frontal process of the maxilla

which of the following indicates gingivitis has progressed to periodontitis? A) increased gingival crevicular fluid B)periodontal probing depth greater than 3 mm C)loss of attachment D)gingival recession E) bleeding on probing

which of the following is a rickettsial infection? A) malaria B) psittacosis C)rocky mountain spotted fever D) tularemia

which of the following methods will achieve sterilization? A) dry heat at 320 degrees For 50 minutes B) steam autoclave at 200 degrees F for 30 minutes C) chemical vapor at 270 degrees for 20 minutes D) all of the above

which of the following provides the most conclusive diagnostic evidence in distinguishing pemphigus from pemphigoid? A) clinical picture B) history of the disease C) biopsy and histology report D) race and religion

which of the following restorative materials has a thermal expansion closest to that of tooth structure? A) acrylic resin b) amalgam C) gold D) composite resin

which of the following statements most accurately describes the effect of pregnancy on the health of the mothers oral tissues? A) pregnancy-associated gingivitis is caused by hormonal changes, and nothing can be done about it B) pregnant women can often experience the growth of tumors in the mouth that relate to hormonal changes C) hormonal changes during pregnancy result in increased bacteria and increased gingival response to plaque biofilm D) pregnancy results in hormonal changes, but these changes do not affect the mothers oral tissue

which of the following tissue changes result in erythematous gingiva? a) increased keratinzation b) presence of inflammatory cells c) increased vasularization d) increased production of collagen e) necrosis of epithelium

which of the following tissues of the normal periodontium is the alveolar bone directly adjacent to? a) periodontal ligament and gingival epithelium b) cementum, epithelial attachment, and gingival epithelium c) periodontal ligament and gingival connective tissue d) periodontal ligament and epithelial attachement e) periodontal ligament and cementum

which one of the following test is NOT used for pemphigus? A) pels-macht B) tzanck C)enzyme-linked immunosorbet assay (ELISA) D) nikolsky sign

while reading the health section in the local newspaper, a dental hygienist learns that public health officials are predicting a serious and potentially deadly new flu virus for the fall-winter season in north America. which of the following terms BEST describes the flu situation as predicated in the newspaper article? A) cluster B) endemic C)epidemic D) rate E) prevalence

while working for Daniel brown, DDS Michael Dorr, RDH BS discovers that dr. brown is billing insurance companies for procedures that were never performed in the office, if this true, Dr Browns actions represent: A) assault and battery B) defamation C) fraud D) appropriation E) statue of limitations

with all other factors remaining constant, an increase in film speed will: A) not affect radiographic quality B)decrease radiographic density C)increase radiographic density D)decrease radiographic contrast E) increase radiographic contrast

A bony, hard developmental, benign asymptomatic area found on the midline of the hard palate that appears radiopaque on a radiograph is most likely as: A) odontogenic myxoma B) median palatal cyst C) compound odontoma D) torus palatinus

A furcation in which the probe goes entirely through the opening is a) type I b) type II c) type IV d) type III

A health care providers' code of ethical conduct that focuses on client needs, encourages informed choice, and provides for quality care is a referred to as the: A. Code of ethics B. Oath of Hippocrates C. Principles of medical ethics D. Patient's bill of rights

A patient indicates they are taking Flagyl for infection. Which of the following should be avoided? a. aspirin b. diazepam c. sodium laurel sulfate d. alcohol-containing mouthrinse

A patient undergoing chemotherapy presents with signs and symptoms of mucositis. Which of the following interventions would BEST relieve symptoms? A) glycerin and water spray B) sodium fluoride rinses C) lidocaine topical spray D) sodium bicarbonate rinses

A positive PPD test indicated active TB. Active TB is confirmed by a positive PPD test and a chest x-ray. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true, the second statement is false d. The first statement is false, the second statement is true

A radiolucent lesion in the posterior part of the mandible anterior to the angle has the radiographic features of a cyst. After surgical intervention, the histology report shows submaxillary salivary gland tissue; also, the lesion is not lined with epithelium. One may conclude that the lesion is most likely an: A) residual cyst B) traumatic bone cyst C) lingual mandibular bone concavity D) ameloblastoma

The acquired pellicle is formed by a. gram positve bacteria b. gram negative bacteria c. lipopolysaccharieds d. salivary glycoproteins e. interleukins

The articular fossa is provided by what bone? a. parietal b. occipital c. sphenoid d. temporal

A state-hired full-time public health dentist and dental hygienist are responsible for collecting data on the dental plaque rates of elementary school-aged children. Correlational studies are planned to determine strength of data between genders and among geographical locations of the elementary schools. It was decided to screen children in grades K, 2, 4, and 6 within 25 schools throughout the state. The 25 schools were chosen on the basis of geographic locations and number of students enrolled. All students within each of the chosen grades would be part of the study. Three other public health dental hygienists were hired part time to help in the data collection process. When data collection was completed, analyzed, and interpreted, the public health dentist and the dental hygienist would decide on an oral health program to best meet the needs of the elementary school-aged children of the state. Which of the following P levels associated with a test of significance would BEST indicate that the researcher's results were MOST likely caused by an independent variable rather than by chance occurrence? A. P ≥ 0.01 B. P ≥ 0.001 C. P ≤ 0.01 D. P ≤ 0.001

A sudden transient loss of consciousness is most likely due to which condition? A) angina pectoris B) adrenal crisis C) hyperinsulinism D) syncope

All of the following are are gram-positive bacilli EXCEPT one. which one is the EXCEPTION? a) bacillus anthracis b) clostridum perfringens c) listerial monocytogenes d) Escherichia coli

All of the following are characteristics of free gingiva EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Closely adapts around each tooth B. Connects with the attached gingiva C. Contains the free gingival groove D. Has a stippled surface

All of the following federal agencies act on oral health issues of national significance EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Center for Disease Control and Prevention b. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality c. Health Resources and Services Administration d. American Association for the Advancement of Science

All of the following materials are considered regulated infections waste except one, which one is the EXCEPTION? A) extracted tooth B) blood soaked guaze C) anesthetic needle D) saliva - coated plastic wrap

An osseo-integrated implant is expected to have the following relationship to bone: A. Hemidesmosomes and basal lamina attachment B. Functional ankylosis C. Periodontal ligament attachment D. Connective tissue fiber insertion into the implant surface

Contraindication to implant placement include: a. inadequate bone b. uncontrolled periodontal disease c. history of bisphosphonate therapy d. all of the above

Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal) provides motor innervations to all the muscles of the tongue EXCEPT: a. hyoglossus b. styloglossus c. genioglossus d. palatoglossus

Dental and fascial infections can spread through the: A) blood system B) Fascial space C) lymphatic system D) all of the above

Each of the following is a sign of symptom of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. ketonemia b. acetone breath c. hyperglycemia d. decreased appetite

Epinepherine should be used with caution in a patient using which of the following medications? a. Chantix b. Oxygen c. Synthroid d. Non cardio-selective beta-blocker

Fetal pressure on what structure can cause orthostatic hypotension? a. internal jugular b. cavernous sinus c. pterygoid plexus d. inferior vena cava

From the following choices, which is the BEST at reducing patient dose from x-radiation? a. using a lead collimator inside the tubehead b. increasing the mA and time settings on the control panel c. exposing dental images every two years d. using the fastest speed film available

Glucose is also known as: a. maltose b. levulose c. glycogen d. dextrose

If a drug is said to have a 'high first-pass effect', how will that impact drug dosing? a. the drug dose will impact renal function b. the drug dose will not impact first-pass effect c. the drug dose will have a lower oral to parental dose ratio d. the drug dose will have a higher oral to parenteral dose ratio

If an opaque artifact obscures the visualization of the anterior teeth, what is the most likely causative positioning error? a. the teeth were not within the focal trough, also known as the zone of sharpness b. the patient's chin was positioned too low c. the patient's chin was positioned too high d. the patient's spine was angled forward

In digital radiography, how do the exposure times differ from those required for conventional radiography? A. 10% to 20% more B. 10% to 20% less C. 50% to 80% more D. 50% to 80% less

Lactobacillus is: a. aciduric b. lexan-producing c. associated with deep carious lesions d. all of the above

Periodontal disease is caused by calculus. Calculus serves as a collection site for bacteria a) both statements are true b) both statements are false c)first statement is true, second statement is false d) first statement is false, second statement is true

Porphyromonas gingivalis adhere to epithelial and gingival surfaces via: a. lexans b. collagen c. dextrans d. surface fimbrae

Primoridal cysts are most often found radiographically: A) in the anterior maxillary regions B) around a supernumerary tooth C) posterior to erupted third molars or in place of a tooth that never present D) in the mandibular canine and first premolar areas

Serious complications from fascial or dental infections can occur due to: A) limited by anastomosis between vessels in the head B) inability of the vessels in the head and neck to clot C) large size of the vessels in the head and neck D) Absence of valves in the veins of the head

Sutures are placed following osseous surgery in order to: a. increase apposition and cellular migration b. increase apposition and decreases fibrous repair c. increase opposition and decrease cellular migration d. increase apposition and decrease cellular migration

The characteristics of an ideal index to measure oral disease include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. sensitive b. objective c. simple to conduct d. requires specialized equipment

The incubation period for Hep A is: a) 28-47 days b)45-160 days c)8-16 hours d) 15-50 days

The molybdenum cup is found at which electrode inside the tubehead? a. positive anode b. positive cathode c. negative anode d. negative cathode

The muscles of mastication most responsible for protrusion of the jaw are: a. masseters b. temporalis c. medial pterygoids d. lateral pterygoids

The primary benefit of using noble metals in restorative alloys is: a. they are less expensive b. they are highly allergenic c. they are extremely cosmetic d. they resist tarnish and corrosion

The tooth itself is capable of experiencing painful nerve sensation from all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) pressure B) heat C) cold D) olfaction

Whartons duct empties the: a. glands of von ebner b. parotid salivary glands c. sublingual salivary glands d. submandibular salivary glands

What is the most common location for AIDS-related "oral hairy leukoplakia"? a. soft palate b. buccal mucosa c. dorsum of the tongue d. lateral border of the tongue

What is the purpose of informed consent? A) to keep the dental professional out of court B) to assure that the patient is competent C) to have a written document for trial, should the need arise D) to assist the patient in making treatment decisions E) all of the above

What microorganisms metabolize substances aerobically if oxygen is present or anerobically if oxygen is absent? a) obligate aerobes b) aerotolerant anaerobes c) microaerophilics d) facultative anaerobes

When written on a prescription, "PO" is an abbreviation for a. post-operatively b. after meals c. before meals d. by mouth

Which conditions may increase plaque retention? a. subgingival restorations b. faulty crown margins c. unreplaced missing first molars d. all of the above

Which major fiber bundle of the periodontal ligament is found only in multi-rooted teeth? a. oblique fiber bundle b. transeptal fiber bundle c. horizontal fiber bundle d. interradicular fiber bundle

Which of the following examples of the Core Values in the Dental Hygiene Code of Ethics deals with the practitioner? a. autonomy b. beneficence c. social trust d. non-maleficence

Which of the following is a characteristic of the progression of periodontal disease? a. gram positive organisms b. cocci c. aerobic organisms d. motile organisms

Which of the following is the most common site for a supernumerary tooth? a. distal to the maxillary third molar b. distal to the mandibular third molar c. between the mandibular bicuspids d. between the maxillary central incisors

Which of the following lesions may develop following periodontal debridement? a. fremitus b. petechiae c. fenestration d. lateral abscess

Which of the following produces no radiographic images? A) dental caries B) supernumerary teeth C) odontoma D) fibroma

Which of the following projections is used to evaluate fractures of the zygomatic arch and the position of the condyles and to demonstrate the base of the skull? A. Lateral cephalometric B. Posteroanterior C. Waters D. Submentovertex

Which of the following represents the serum marker for HIV infection? a. HBsAg b. HBcAg c. HAV antigen d. HIV antibody

Which of the following sentences best describes the alveolar process of the maxilla? A)the process contains the infraorbital foramen B) the genial tubercles are attached to this process C)the mental foramen is present on the lateral aspect D)the process is easily remolded due to its lack of density

Which of the following types of periodontal therapies heals by repair or "scar"? A. Root debridement B. Osseous surgery C. Guided tissue regeneration D. Connective tissue graft

Which one of the following characteristics is NOT associated with pulp hyperemia? a. reversible b. temperature-related pain c. mild pulpal inflammation d. requires endodontic therapy e. follows deep restorative therapy

Which one of the following diagnostic processes should be applied to establish the diagnosis of nicotine stomatitis? A) surgical and microscopic B) radiographic C) laboratory D) clinical and historical

Which organ plays the greatest role in absorption of orally-administered medications? a. liver b. stomach c. kidneys d. small intestine

Which vitamin can interfere with the function of vitamin K? a. B1 b. C c. D d. E

With a connective tissue graft around the canine area, the ideal outcome would be for some of this tissue to form a fibrous attachment to the tooth cementum. From which type of tissue would the cells come to remodel the cementum in this area in which root surfaces previously were exposed? A) cellular cementum B) bone C) sulcular epithelium D) periodontal ligament

Your patient is demonstrating dyspnea, anxiety and an unproductive cough. What condition do you suspect? a. drug abuse b. attention defecit hyperactivity disorder c. angina d. asthma

a 30 yr old patient calls and complains of sudden swelling in both sides of his neck, which seems to be enlarging. his record indicated that he recently has cancelled two appointments. he needs to have restorative care completed on the mandibular second molars, which have extensive decay. the patient may have: A) actinomycosis B) mumps C) syphilis D) Ludwig angina

a lesion is noted on the lips of a 40 year old femal patient. the lesion appears as several discrete vesicles; some have ulcerated. When questioned, the patient says she always get a sore like that before she gets cold. the patient most likely has : A) a chancre B) prleche C) an apthous ulcer D) herpes labialis

according to the learning ladder continuum, at what level is the behavior modified? A) awareness B) self-interest C) involvement D) habit

all of the following are advantages of the paralleling technique over the bisecting angle technique EXCEPT one Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) yields radiographs with minimum image distortion B) statisfies more shadow-casting principles C)minimizes superimposition of the adjacent oral structure D) increases client comfort during the film placement

all of the following are branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve except one. which one is the EXEPTION? A)ptyergoid nerve B)auriculotemporal nerve C)mylohyoid nerve D)inferior palebral nerve

all of the following are correct in regard to chlorhexidine mouthrinse EXCEPT one. which one is the EXCEPTION? a) active against gram positive microorganism B) approved in the united states in a concentration of 0.12% C) an antimicrobial agent D) to be used on a longterm basis

all of the following are enviromental risk factors associated with periodontal diseases EXCEPT one. which one is the EXCEPTION? A) smoking B) rough restorative margins C)mouthbreathing D)diabetes mellitus E)Dental calculus

all of the following are relevant dental hygiene treatment guidelines for clients on hemodialysis is except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) pretreatment screening for bleeding disorders B)delay of dental hygiene treatment until the day after dialysis C)Aggressive management of periodontal infections D)pain management with analgesic drugs that are excreted by kidneys

an isolated radiopaque area in the periodontal ligament space is observed on a patients radiographs. this radiopaque structure may be an: A) epithelial rest B) cementum spur C) exostosis of alveolar bone D) cementicle

before dental hygiene care, which of the following should be given to a client with a history of infective endocarditis who is allergic to penicillin? A)Amoxicillin B)augmentin C)tetracycline D)clindamycin E)metronidazole

dentrifrices that contain soluble pyrophosphates or zinc chloride are labeled A) antigingivits dentrifrices B) antibiofilm dentrifrices C) antisensitivity dentrifrices D) antitarter dentrifrices

drugs with teratogenic effects can produce: A)tumors B) hypoglycemia C) hepatotoxicity D)an abnormal fetus E) excessive hirsutism

each of the following is affected by saliva EXCEPT one. which one is the exception? a) swallowing b) dental caries c) oral microflora d) protein digestion e) carbohydrate digestion

emergency treatment for acute fluoride toxicity if ingestion >5 mg/kg body weight would include all of the following EXCEPT one. which of the following is the EXCEPTION? A) giving milk orally B) inducing vomiting C) observing the patient for several hours D) monitoring the patient for irregular heartbeat

hypocalcification is an area on the tooth that A) needs to be restored B) has to demineralize C) has started to remineralize D) has not completely calcified

identify the type of staining procedure used to determine if an organism is a spore former a) flagellar stain b) acid fast stain c) gram stain d) schaeffer fulton stain

in general, what is (are) the duty (duties) of boards of dentisitry? A) grant and revoke licenses B) hear criminal cases against dental hygienist and dentists C) regulate applications for licensures D) A and C E) all of the above

increasing the water/powder ratio of any gypsum material results in A) decreased setting time B) stronger cast of die c) increased setting expansion D) increased setting time

one anatomic landmark used for an inferior alveolar block injection is the depression along anterior border of the ramus. What is the name of this depression? A) mandibular sulcus B)lingual C)condylar notch D)coronoid notch

precocious puberty is most characteristic of: A) jaffe syndrome B) monostotic fibrous dysplasia C) cherubism D) McCune-Albright syndrome

since the facts presented by the parties do not agree, who will have the final determination of what the facts are? A) the judge B) the appellate court C) the case must go to arbitration for a finding on the facts D) the jury E) the clerk of courts when the action is filed

the cementum is derived from the: a) reduced enamel epithelium b) dental papilla c) outer enamel epithelium d) dental sac e) alveolar bone

the newspaper article further emphasizes that the population risk include young children and the elderly. Which of the following uses of epideomologic information does this observation reflect? A) collecting data to describe normal biologic processes B) identifying risk factors and determinants of disease C) understanding the natural history of disease D) evaluating risk among population groups E) evaluating interventions and prevention strategies

the prediction of an increase in flu cases results in additional news reports and articles about the decreases in the availability of flu vaccines. To address the limited amount of vaccines available, guidelines are distributed identifying which segments of the population will receive priority to obtain the vaccine. the priorities focus on children, the elderly, and those with certain disease conditions. which of the following host risk factors are being considered in the prioritization process? A)immunity to diseases or natural resistance B) age C) dietary practices and nutritional deficiency D) A and B E) A, B, and C

the task force determines that a similar program for migrant children was conducted in a neighboring state. A report was generated indicating the dental caries rates for migrant children treated in the program. the caries rates for the children were MOST likely reported using which of the following indices: A) CI-S B) DMFT C) DF D) deft E) CPI

the toothbrushing technique in which the bristles are applied to the sulcular area and moved back forth with short strokes in a vibratory motion is the A) stillmans technique B) modified stillmans technique C) charters technique D) bass technique

to prevent further recession, what changes should this patient make in his oral self-care regimen? A) more frequent continued-care appointments B) modifying flossing technique C) more frequent toothbrushing D) modifying toothbrushing technique

what is the correct morphological name for cocci that appear in chains? a) staphylococci b) diplococci c) sarcinae d) streptococci

when Is root formation completed? a) on tooth eruption b) 2-3 months c) 6-8 months d) 1-4 years e) never

when combined with other drugs, the effectiveness of certain drugs (such as carbamazepine, phenobarbitual, rifampin) is reduced as well as the effectiveness of other drugs. This occurs by: A) enhancing the drugs excretion B)inhibiting the drugs absorption C) binding irreversibly to the drugs d) stimulating hepative microsomal energy enzymes

when comparing primary and permanent molars, one would find: A)primary first molars and permanent first molars have very similar occlusal anatomy B) primary molars have the same number of roots as the permanent teeth that replace them C)primary and permanent molars have root trunks of about the same length D)primary molars have comparatively larger pulp chambers than permanent teeth

which of the following PID length produces an x ray beam that is less divergent?

which of the following bacteria are associated with destruction of collagen and resorption of bone in periodontitis? A) actinomyces visosus B)Porphyromonas gingivalis C) streptococcus sanguis D) treponema pallidum E) lactobacillus spp

which of the following examples of the core values in the dental hygiene code of ethics deals with the practitioner? a) autonomy b) beneficience c) societal trust d) non-maleficence

which of the following minerals is (are) responsible for maintaining water balance in the body? A) potassium B) calcium C) Sodium D) A and C E) B and C

which of the following processes refers to the use of glycogen as the short-term storage from of glucose in the liver and muscle? A) glycolysis B) gluconeogenesis C)glycogenolysis D)glycogenesis

which of the following produces no radiographic image? A) dental caries B) supernumerary teeth C) odontoma D) fibroma E) periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia

which of the following represents the critical ph level at which demineralization and decalcification of the tooth structure begins? A) 2.0 B) 5.8 C)4.5 D)5.5

which of the following two disease represent different forms of infection resulting from the same virus? A) measles and german measles B) chicken pox and small pox C) bacterial pneumonia and croup D) shingles and chickenpox

which of the following types of fibers embed in the bone in the tooth socket? A) alveolar crest fibers B)Dentoperiosteal fibers C)gingival fibers D)sharpeys fibers E) transeptal fibers

which area within the periodontium is LEAST susceptible to tissue breakdown in periodontal disease? A)gingival crevice B) gingival sulcus C)interdental col D)junctional epithelium E)attached gingiva

Dental plaque biofilm associated with severe periodontitis is characterized by a. gram positive bacteria b. cocci bacteria c. nonmotile organisms d. aerobic bacteria e. gram negative bacteria

Pregnancy gingivitis is most closely associated with a. S. sanguis and A. actinomycetemcomitans b. T. pallidum and T. denticola c. P. gingivalis and N. gonorrhea d. S. mutans and L. casei e. P. intermedia and C. rectus

The Statute of Limitations for a dental law suit is: a. 6 months b. 12 months c. 3 years d. 5 years e. No definitive time

Which of the following is LEAST likely to produce drug-inflamed gingival enlargement? , A) nifedipine B) phenytoin C) verapamil D)cyclosporine E) hydrochlorothiazide

a ranula is usually found in the: A) palate B) inner lip C) buccal mucosa D) fauces E) floor of the mouth

a specialized periosteum which forms and resorbs bone and cementum is called: a) circumfrenital bone b) endosteum c) cortical bone d) lamina dura e) periodontal ligament

enamel projections on the root surface are attributed to the differentiation of: a) cementoblasts b) enamel spindles c) primary enamel cuticle d) enamel tufts e) hertwigs epithelial root sheath

epinephrine is indicated for the emergency treatment of: A) epilepsy B) hypoglycemia C) angina pectoris D) myocardial infarction E) anaphylactic reaction

in addition to developing a dental caries prevention program, the task force members to wish to develop an oral health education program target at parents with children below five years of age. which of the following topics for an oral health education presentation should be emphasized? A) dental sealant application B) early childhood caries C) orally safe snacks D) caries rates for children E) B and C only

oral exam findings for a 19 year old college student with good general health status include localized 4mm and 5 mm periodontal probing depths with radiographic bone loss visible on teeth 3, 14, 24, and 25: slight gingival inflammation in the mandibular anterior region ; good oral hygiene with minimal deposits present; and no active caries visible. Based upon these findings, which of the following would be the MOST accurate preliminary diagnosis? A) necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis B) chronic periodontitis C)dental plaque-induced gingivitis D) localized aggressive periodontitis E) refractory periodontitis

self-induced vomitting in individuals with disordered eating can result in which of the following conditions? A) swollen salivary glands B)abscess formation C) esophageal tears D) A and C E) All of the above

the cells that are important in the formation of the principle fibers of the periodontal ligament are: a) cementoblasts b) cementoclasts c) osteoblasts d) osteoclasts e) fibroblasts

the statue of limitations for a dental law suit is: a) 6 months b) 12 months c) 3 years d) 5 years e) no definitive time

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