Diabetes Mellitus
When caring for a patient with metabolic syndrome, the nurse should give the highest priority to teaching the patient about which treatment plan?
achieving a normal weight
Which tissues require insulin to enable movement of glucose into the cells?
adipose, skeletal muscle
Lispro insulin (Humalog) with NPH (Humulin N) insulin is ordered for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The nurse knows that when lispro insulin is used, when should it be administered?
at mealtime or within 15 minutes of meals
The following interventions are planned for a patient with diabetes. Which intervention can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assertive personnel (UAP)?
check the bath water is not too hot
When teaching the patient with diabetes about insulin administration, the nurse should include which instruction for the patient?
consistently use the same size of syringe to avoid dosing errors
Which laboratory results would indicate that the patient has prediabetes?
glucose tolerance result of 240 mg/dL
The nurse determines that a patient with a 2 hour OGTT of 152 mg/dL has
impaired glucose tolerance
In addition to promoting the transport of glucose from the blood into the cell, what does insulin do?
increases amino acid transport into cells and protein synthesis
Th nurse is teaching the patient with prediabetes ways to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes. What information should be included?
maintain a healthy weight, monitor for polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia
The home care nurse should intervene to correct a patient whose insulin administration includes
mixing an evening dose of regular insulin with insulin glargine in one syringe for administration
A patient taking insulin has recorded fasting glucose levels above 200 mg/dL on awakening for the last five mornings. What should the nurse advise the patient to do first?
monitor the glucose level at bedtime, between 2:00 am and 4:00 am, and on arising.
In type 1 diabetes there is an osmotic effect of glucose when insulin deficiency prevents the use of glucose for energy. Which classic symptom is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose?
polydipsia
Why are the hormones cortisol, glucagon, epinephrine, and growth hormone referred to as counter regulatory?
stimulate glucose output by the liver
The patient with type 2 diabetes is being put on acarbose (precise) and wants to know about taking it. What should the nurse include in this patient's teaching?
take it with the first bite of each meal, effectiveness is measured by 2-hour postprandial glucose, it delays glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
When teaching the patient with type 1 diabetes, what should the nurse emphasize as the major advantage of using an insulin pump?
tight glycemic control can be maintained
A patient with diabetes is learning to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. The nurse determines what additional teaching is needed when the patient does what?
withdraws the NPH dose into the syringe first
Which patient should the nurse plan to teach how to prevent or delay the development of diabetes?
a 34-year-old woman whose parents both have type 2 diabetes
A patient with type 1 diabetes uses 20 U of Novolin 70/30 (NPH/regular) in the morning and at 6:00 pm. When teaching the patient about this regimen, what should the nurse emphasize?
a set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia
What characterizes type 2 diabetes?
-B-cell exhaustion -insulin resistance -genetic predisposition -altered production of adipokines -inherited defect an insulin receptors -inappropratie glucose production by the liver
During routine health screening, a patient is found to have fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 132 mg/dL. At a follow-up visit, a diagnosis of diabetes would be made based on?
-A1C of 7.5% -FPG > 127 mg/dL
Which class of oral glucose-lowering agents (OA) is most commonly used for people with type 2 diabetes because it reduces hepatic glucose production and enhances tissue uptake of glucose?
biguanide
