Digestion reading

What are the three phases of gastric activity? Multiple select question. Esophageal phase Hepatic phase Hypothalamic phase Cephalic phase Intestinal phase Gastric phase

Cephalic phase Gastric phase Intestinal phase

Which hormone is secreted by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine? Multiple choice question. Secretin Gastrin Cholecystokinin Pepsin

Cholecystokinin

What is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food within the stomach known as? Multiple choice question. Gastric juice Bile Bolus Chyme

Chyme

Chewing is also known as which of the following? Multiple choice question. Micturition Mastication Digestion Deglutition

Mastication

List, in order from top to bottom, the segments of the small intestine

1. duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum

What is a goblet cell? Multiple choice question. A cell specialized to produce brush border enzymes A mucus-secreting epithelial cell A bile-secreting cell of the liver An immune cell within a Peyer's patch

A mucus-secreting epithelial cell

How long is the gallbladder? Multiple choice question. About 100 cm About 10 cm About 1 cm

About 10 cm

What is a protease? Multiple choice question. An enzyme that synthesizes amino acids An enzyme that digests protein An enzyme that digests amino acids An enzyme that synthesizes proteins

An enzyme that digests protein

Which substances are absorbed from the stomach? Multiple choice question. Alcohol, fat Aspirin, lipid-soluble drugs Proteins and sugar

Aspirin, lipid-soluble drugs

Which muscles manipulate food and push it between teeth during mastication? Multiple choice question. Tongue muscles and temporalis Masseter and temporalis Masseter and buccinator Buccinator and orbicularis oris

Buccinator and orbicularis oris

What is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food called? Multiple choice question. Compaction Digestion Absorption Ingestion

Digestion

What are the segments of the small intestine in the order through which food passes? Multiple choice question. Duodenum, ileum, jejunum Duodenum, jejunum, ileum Jejunum, duodenum, ileum Ileum, jejunum, duodenum

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

What are nucleases? Multiple choice question. Enzymes that digest RNA and DNA Enzymes that breakdown the nuclei of intact cells within chyme Enzymes that digest lipids other than triglycerides

Enzymes that digest RNA and DNA

True or false: The role of the liver in digestion is to produce digestive enzymes. True false question. True False

False. - liver : secretion of bile

Which describes the fundus of the stomach? Multiple choice question. It is the domed superior region. It is the region adjacent to the distal portion of the lesser curvature. It is the narrow terminal region. It is the large main region.

It is the domed superior region.

Choose all that are found in saliva. Multiple select question. Pepsin Lipase Water Amylase Fibrin Lysozyme Mucus Gastrin

Lipase Water Amylase Lysozyme Mucus

What are the gastric rugae? Multiple choice question. Longitudinal folds in the stomach lining Circular folds in the duodenum Glands extending deep into the stomach lining Muscular bands around the pyloric sphincter

Longitudinal folds in the stomach lining

The digestion of starch by amylase results in the production of which of the following? Multiple choice question. Oligosaccharides and glycerol Disaccharides and sucrose Oligosaccharides and maltose Disaccharides and cellulose

Oligosaccharides and maltoseWhich hormone is secreted by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine? Multiple choice question. Secretin Gastrin Cholecystokinin Pepsin

What part (a cavity) of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration? Multiple choice question. Pancreas Oral cavity Stomach Small intestine

Oral cavity

How is water absorbed from the digestive tract? Multiple choice question. Facilitated diffusion Pinocytosis Osmosis

Osmosis

Which is true of chemical digestion in the stomach? Multiple choice question. Partial digestion of both protein and fat can occur in the stomach. There is no digestion occurring in the stomach. Partial digestion of only protein occurs in the stomach.

Partial digestion of both protein and fat can occur in the stomach.

What is the inactive precursor of pepsin? Multiple choice question. Pepsinogen Chymotrypsinogen Cholecystokinin Dipepsin

Pepsinogen

Lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, mucus, electrolytes and water are all found in which of the following? Multiple choice question. Saliva Gastric juice Bile Pancreatic juice

Saliva

Which hormone is secreted by the small intestine in response to the presence of acidic chyme? Multiple choice question. Cholecystokinin Acetylcholine Secretin

Secretin

Which liver function contributes to the process of digestion? Multiple choice question. Secretion of digestive enzymes Storage of glucose as glycogen Secretion of cholesterol Secretion of bile

Secretion of bile

What are mesenteries? Multiple choice question. Series of blood vessels that drain the intestines, stomach, and spleen Sheets of connective tissue that suspend the intestines in the abdomen Strips of muscle running longitudinally along the large intestine

Sheets of connective tissue that suspend the intestines in the abdomen

What is the primary epithelium found in the large intestine? Multiple choice question. Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Transitional Stratified squamous

Simple columnar

Choose all that are stimuli for defecation. Multiple select question. Stretching of the rectum Stretching of the stomach Stretching of the descending colon Stretching of the sigmoid colon

Stretching of the rectum Stretching of the descending colon Stretching of the sigmoid colon

What is deglutition? Multiple choice question. Digesting Chewing Salivating Swallowing

Swallowing

What is the significance of the epithelial tight junctions and the mucous coat lining the stomach? Multiple choice question. They allow stretching of the stomach wall with large meals. They protect the stomach lining from acid damage. They allow the partial digestion of proteins.

They protect the stomach lining from acid damage.

Which is true of the long reflexes that aid in regulation of the digestive tract? Multiple choice question. They use the myenteric plexuses. They affect functioning of nearby regions of the alimentary canal. They use the vagus nerves and brainstem.

They use the vagus nerves and brainstem.

Choose all that protect the stomach lining from the acidic contents. Multiple select question. Protective gastric juices Tight junctions Epithelial cell replacement Mucous coat Excessive blood flow

Tight junctions Epithelial cell replacement Mucous coat

What are the typical end products of triglyceride digestion? Multiple choice question. Two free fatty acids + monoglyceride Three free fatty acids + glycerol One free fatty acid + diglyceride

Two free fatty acids + monoglyceride Triglycerides are a type of lipid molecule that is too large to be absorbed by the small intestine, so they must be broken down into smaller components during digestion. This process is called lipolysis, and it involves the action of pancreatic lipase and other enzymes. Lipase breaks down triglycerides into two fatty acids and a monoglyceride molecule. The fatty acids and monoglyceride are then absorbed by the small intestine and transported to the liver for further processing and storage.

Choose all that are found in intestinal juice. Multiple select question. Water Secretin Chymotrypsin Mucus Bicarbonate

Water Mucus

What are the functions of the large intestine? Multiple choice question. Digestion of all nutrients, but the absorption of only protein, water, and electrolytes Carbohydrate and fat digestion Water and electrolyte absorption

Water and electrolyte absorption

What are the components of intestinal juice? Multiple choice question. Enterokinase and chymotrypsin Cholecystokinin and secretin Water and mucus

Water and mucus

Which reflexes that utilize the myenteric nerve plexus to control digestive activity? Multiple choice question. a. Short b. Long c. Intermediate

a. Short - peristalsis and segmentation

The enzyme that digests dietary starch is salivary or pancreatic _________

amylase

Choose all that are functions of the oral cavity. Multiple select question. a. Absorption of nutrients b. Speech c. Ingestion d. Excretion of wastes e. Respiration

b. Speech c. Ingestion e. Respiration

What is gastroenterology? Multiple choice question. a. The study of the liver b. The study of the stomach c. The study of the digestive tract d. The study of the intestines

c. The study of the digestive tract

The large intestines begin with a pouch inferior to the ileocecal valve that is known as the _________

cecum

The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as

chyme

The stimulus for the _________ reflex is stretching of the rectum.

defacation

The pharynx connects the oral cavity to the Blank______ and the nasal cavity to the Blank______. Multiple choice question. esophagus, larynx larynx, trachea larynx, esophagus esophagus, trachea

esophagus, larynx

The sac on the underside of the liver that serves to store and concentrate bile is called the Blank______. Multiple choice question. spleen gallbladder pancreas duodenum

gallbladder

Stomach function is regulated in three phases, which are the phase, the ___________ intestinal phase, and the cephalic phase.

gastric

The study of the digestive tract and the diagnosis and treatment of its disorders is called

gastroenterology

The mucus-secreting cells in the epithelium of the intestine are called Blank______ cells. Multiple choice question. goblet absorptive enterocytes

goblet

The most common colonic contractions that occur about twice an hour are __________ contractions.

haustral Haustral contractions are slow, rhythmic contractions that occur in the colon, specifically in the haustra, which are the pouches that line the colon. These contractions help to mix and move the contents of the colon, which aids in the absorption of water and electrolytes and the formation of feces. Haustral contractions occur about twice an hour and are responsible for the segmentation of the colon, which creates the haustra. The frequency and strength of haustral contractions can be influenced by various factors, such as the presence of food in the colon, hormonal signals, and nerve activity.

The selective intake of food is known as _______

ingestion

The primary function of the __________ intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes, but not other nutrients.

large

Enzymes that digest lipids are called

lipase

The sheets of connective tissue that hold the abdominal viscera in place are called

mesenteries

The enzymes that hydrolyze nucleic acids into nucleotides are called _________

nucleases

In the digestive system, water is absorbed through the process of __________following the absorption of salts and organic nutrients.

osmosis

The predominant type of involuntary muscle contraction occurring in the stomach is

peristalsis - Peristalsis is a coordinated muscular contraction that propels food along the digestive tract. In the stomach, peristalsis helps to mix and break down food, and move it towards the small intestine for further digestion and absorption.

A(n) Blank______ is any enzyme that digests proteins. Multiple choice question. lipase protease amylase

protease

The longitudinal wrinkles in the lining of the stomach are called gastric

rugae

The mucosa of the colon is primarily lined with _________ columnar epithelium.

simple

An enzyme that is secreted in its inactive form is known as a Blank______. Multiple choice question. pepsin zymogen vitamin gut-brain peptide

zymogen