Digestive Sys. review questions

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest: (1) dipeptide (2) protein (3) amino acid (4) polypeptide

2, 4, 1, 3

Arrange the following events in the correct order: (1) absorption of lipids (2) emulsification (3) micelle formation (4) digestion of lipids

2, 4, 3, 1

Arrange the following in proper sequence: (1) digestion (2) elimination (3) ingestion (4) absorption

3, 1, 4, 2

Pernicious anemia develops if there is a vitamin ________ deficiency.

B12

Pepsinogen is produced by ____________ and is activated by ___________.

Chief cells; hydrochloric acid secreted by parietal cells

Use the key to choose the best answer. (1) amount of bicarbonate in the aqueous component of pancreatic juice (2) amount of bicarbonate in the enzymatic portion of pancreatic juice

Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.

Use the key to choose the best answer. (1) number of villi in small intestine (2) number of villi in large intestine

Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.

Use the key to choose the best answer. (1) pH in the stomach during digestion (2) pH in the duodenum during digestion

Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.

Trypsin can activate

Chymotrypsinogen

The aqueous component of pancreatic secretions

Contains bicarbonate ions

Somatostatin is produced in the stomach by

D cells

The enterogastric reflex can be triggered by

Distention of the duodenal wall

Lecithin prepares fats for hydrolysis by forming

Emulsification droplets

Trypsin is activated by the enzyme

Enterokinase

Functions of the digestive system include all of the following except

Hormone degradation

____________ is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.

Intrinsic factor

Which of the following is not part of the gastrointestinal tract?

Kidney

____________ are hepatic phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system.

Kupffer Cells

Clotting factors are produced by

Liver

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food that is consumed?

Mucosa

The major secretion of the large intestine is

Mucus

The portion of the digestive tract in which digestion begins is the

Oral cavity

Movement of water out of the large intestine is by

Osmosis

Which of these glands does not secrete saliva into the oral cavity?

Pancreas

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by ____________ cells.

Parietal

Which of the following enzymes digests protein?

Pepsin

Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?

Pepsin

These nutrients are all absorbed without being digested except

Proteins

The small intestine has a very large absorptive surface associated with all these structures except

Rugae

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the small intestine that increases its surface area?

Rugae

Most glucose is absorbed in the epithelial cells of the small intestine by

Secondary active transport with Na+

When chyme enters the duodenum, ____ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.

Secretin

______________ is a hormone, whereas ________________ is an enzyme.

Secretin; pepsin

Which of the following apply to the small intestine?

Secretions from the liver and pancreas enter this organ, Segmentation contractions occur in this organ, Both digestion and absorption occur in this organ, and Mixing and propulsion of chyme.

The ______________ gland is an extrinsic salivary gland; whereas the ______________ gland is an intrinsic salivary gland.

Submandibular; lingual

Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is true?

The pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes.

Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?

Triglcerids

Which of the following enzymes if found in inactive form in pancreatic juice?

Trypsin

Which of the following enzymes is found in inactive form in pancreatic juice?

Trypsin

Derivatives of ________ give feces a brown color.

Urobilinogen

____________ is the physiological process that moves a nutrient from the lumen to the circulating blood.

absorption

Which of these is not a function of the large intestine?

absorption of fats

Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in

absorption of food

Chylomicrons

are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells.

Which of these is the site of contact digestion?

brush border of the small intestine

Defecation

can be initiated by stretch of the rectum, can occur as a result of mass movements, involves local reflexes, and involves parasympathetic reflexes mediated by the spinal cord.

Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function?

chief cells: produce intrinsic factor

Pepsin would not be found in the stomach if the __________ cells were destroyed.

chief or zymogenic

The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone

cholecystokinin

A proeolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas is

chymotrypsin

Trypsin can activate

chymotrypsinogen

Which of these structures function to increase the mucosal surface of the small intestine?

circular folds, villi, microvilli, and length of the small intestine

Bile

contains breakdown products from hemoglobin and emulsifies fats

The enteric plexus

controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract

Atrophy of the pancreatic acinar cells occurs in response to

decreased cholecystokin secretion

Bacteria in the colon carry out all of the following EXCEPT...

digest most of the proteins we get in the diet.

Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include

disaccharides

Most protein digestion occurs in the

duodenum and jejunum

Protection against atherosclerosis is believed to be associated with an

elevated HDL-cholesterol.

Bile

emulsifies fats in the small intestine

Intrinsic factor

facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.

Inability of the pyloric sphincter to open would prevent

food from entering the small intestine

Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?

gastrin

Which of these hormones stimulates stomach secretions?

gastrin

The stomach

has large folds in the submucosa and mucosa called rugae.

The hepatic sinusoids

have phagocytic cells in their lining

Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the

hepatic portal vein

Which of these lipoprotein molecules transports excess lipids from cells back to the liver?

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?

hydrolyze proteins

Vitamin B12 is primarily absorbed in the

ileum

In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains

less lipid

Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of

lipids

Secretions that are added as food moves through the GI tract assist in

liquefying and digesting food

Bile is produced by cells of the

liver

Which of the following occurs in the large intestine?

mass movement

Saliva

moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth

The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is

pancreatic

Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?

parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid

Proteins are digested by different enzymes acting in the following sequence

pepsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase.

Which of the following are secreted by the stomach?

pepsinogen and intrinsic factor

Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called

peristalsis

The liver

produces secretions that help neutralize stomach acids and emulsify fats.

Inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretions results in

production of an acidic chyme

Functions of the liver include

production of many blood proteins., interconversion of nutrients, detoxification of harmful chemicals, bile production.

These are normally found in saliva except

protease

Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?

pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach

LDL's are taken into a cell by the process of

receptor mediated endocytosis

Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of

relaxation of the cardiac spincter

Which of these structures produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates?

salivary glands, pancreas, and the lining of the small intestine

Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the

small intestine

Defecation is stimulated by

stretching of the rectum

The enteric plexus (ENS) is found in the

submucosa and mucularis layer

Which of the following is mismatched?

sympathetic nerve fibers - increase intestinal motility

Pepsin would have the greatest activity

when the pH of the chyme is greater than 3