Digestive Sys. review questions
Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest: (1) dipeptide (2) protein (3) amino acid (4) polypeptide
2, 4, 1, 3
Arrange the following events in the correct order: (1) absorption of lipids (2) emulsification (3) micelle formation (4) digestion of lipids
2, 4, 3, 1
Arrange the following in proper sequence: (1) digestion (2) elimination (3) ingestion (4) absorption
3, 1, 4, 2
Pernicious anemia develops if there is a vitamin ________ deficiency.
B12
Pepsinogen is produced by ____________ and is activated by ___________.
Chief cells; hydrochloric acid secreted by parietal cells
Use the key to choose the best answer. (1) amount of bicarbonate in the aqueous component of pancreatic juice (2) amount of bicarbonate in the enzymatic portion of pancreatic juice
Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
Use the key to choose the best answer. (1) number of villi in small intestine (2) number of villi in large intestine
Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
Use the key to choose the best answer. (1) pH in the stomach during digestion (2) pH in the duodenum during digestion
Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.
Trypsin can activate
Chymotrypsinogen
The aqueous component of pancreatic secretions
Contains bicarbonate ions
Somatostatin is produced in the stomach by
D cells
The enterogastric reflex can be triggered by
Distention of the duodenal wall
Lecithin prepares fats for hydrolysis by forming
Emulsification droplets
Trypsin is activated by the enzyme
Enterokinase
Functions of the digestive system include all of the following except
Hormone degradation
____________ is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.
Intrinsic factor
Which of the following is not part of the gastrointestinal tract?
Kidney
____________ are hepatic phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system.
Kupffer Cells
Clotting factors are produced by
Liver
Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food that is consumed?
Mucosa
The major secretion of the large intestine is
Mucus
The portion of the digestive tract in which digestion begins is the
Oral cavity
Movement of water out of the large intestine is by
Osmosis
Which of these glands does not secrete saliva into the oral cavity?
Pancreas
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by ____________ cells.
Parietal
Which of the following enzymes digests protein?
Pepsin
Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?
Pepsin
These nutrients are all absorbed without being digested except
Proteins
The small intestine has a very large absorptive surface associated with all these structures except
Rugae
Which of the following is NOT a structure of the small intestine that increases its surface area?
Rugae
Most glucose is absorbed in the epithelial cells of the small intestine by
Secondary active transport with Na+
When chyme enters the duodenum, ____ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.
Secretin
______________ is a hormone, whereas ________________ is an enzyme.
Secretin; pepsin
Which of the following apply to the small intestine?
Secretions from the liver and pancreas enter this organ, Segmentation contractions occur in this organ, Both digestion and absorption occur in this organ, and Mixing and propulsion of chyme.
The ______________ gland is an extrinsic salivary gland; whereas the ______________ gland is an intrinsic salivary gland.
Submandibular; lingual
Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is true?
The pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes.
Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.
Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?
Triglcerids
Which of the following enzymes if found in inactive form in pancreatic juice?
Trypsin
Which of the following enzymes is found in inactive form in pancreatic juice?
Trypsin
Derivatives of ________ give feces a brown color.
Urobilinogen
____________ is the physiological process that moves a nutrient from the lumen to the circulating blood.
absorption
Which of these is not a function of the large intestine?
absorption of fats
Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in
absorption of food
Chylomicrons
are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells.
Which of these is the site of contact digestion?
brush border of the small intestine
Defecation
can be initiated by stretch of the rectum, can occur as a result of mass movements, involves local reflexes, and involves parasympathetic reflexes mediated by the spinal cord.
Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function?
chief cells: produce intrinsic factor
Pepsin would not be found in the stomach if the __________ cells were destroyed.
chief or zymogenic
The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone
cholecystokinin
A proeolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas is
chymotrypsin
Trypsin can activate
chymotrypsinogen
Which of these structures function to increase the mucosal surface of the small intestine?
circular folds, villi, microvilli, and length of the small intestine
Bile
contains breakdown products from hemoglobin and emulsifies fats
The enteric plexus
controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract
Atrophy of the pancreatic acinar cells occurs in response to
decreased cholecystokin secretion
Bacteria in the colon carry out all of the following EXCEPT...
digest most of the proteins we get in the diet.
Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include
disaccharides
Most protein digestion occurs in the
duodenum and jejunum
Protection against atherosclerosis is believed to be associated with an
elevated HDL-cholesterol.
Bile
emulsifies fats in the small intestine
Intrinsic factor
facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.
Inability of the pyloric sphincter to open would prevent
food from entering the small intestine
Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?
gastrin
Which of these hormones stimulates stomach secretions?
gastrin
The stomach
has large folds in the submucosa and mucosa called rugae.
The hepatic sinusoids
have phagocytic cells in their lining
Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the
hepatic portal vein
Which of these lipoprotein molecules transports excess lipids from cells back to the liver?
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?
hydrolyze proteins
Vitamin B12 is primarily absorbed in the
ileum
In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains
less lipid
Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of
lipids
Secretions that are added as food moves through the GI tract assist in
liquefying and digesting food
Bile is produced by cells of the
liver
Which of the following occurs in the large intestine?
mass movement
Saliva
moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth
The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is
pancreatic
Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?
parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid
Proteins are digested by different enzymes acting in the following sequence
pepsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase.
Which of the following are secreted by the stomach?
pepsinogen and intrinsic factor
Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called
peristalsis
The liver
produces secretions that help neutralize stomach acids and emulsify fats.
Inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretions results in
production of an acidic chyme
Functions of the liver include
production of many blood proteins., interconversion of nutrients, detoxification of harmful chemicals, bile production.
These are normally found in saliva except
protease
Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?
pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach
LDL's are taken into a cell by the process of
receptor mediated endocytosis
Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of
relaxation of the cardiac spincter
Which of these structures produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates?
salivary glands, pancreas, and the lining of the small intestine
Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the
small intestine
Defecation is stimulated by
stretching of the rectum
The enteric plexus (ENS) is found in the
submucosa and mucularis layer
Which of the following is mismatched?
sympathetic nerve fibers - increase intestinal motility
Pepsin would have the greatest activity
when the pH of the chyme is greater than 3