Digestive System

What's after the small intestine? What happens there?

Large Intestine - absorbs water and electrolytes to form feces

LESSER OMENTUM?

Lesser = Connects the LIVER to the STOMACH.

The mouth includes 4 parts. List them.

Lips, CHeeks, tongue Frenulum

DIARRHEA definition and cause?

Liquid bowel movements (also known as diarrhea) can happen to everyone from time to time. They occur when you pass liquid instead of formed stool. When the wall of the small intestine becomes over stimulated or irritated a strong PERISTALIC RUSH may pass along the organs entire length. This movement sweeps the contents into the large intestine so quickly that nutrients, water, and electrolyte are not absorbed as the normally are. The result is DIARRHEA.

Which internal organ is the largest? Where is it located?

Liver Upper right quad ofr the abdominal cavity

What does the MOUTH do? What do SALIVARY GLANDS do?

MOUTH Mechanical breakdown of food & Secreted saliva (mouth) contains enzymes that initiate breakdown of carbohydrates

There are 4 distinct layers in the Alimentary Canal Wall. Begin w/ the innermost (Mucosa) , then Submucosa, what's next? What's it's primary functions?

MUSCULARIS EXTRENA or MUSCULARIS - provides smooth movements of the tube, two layer sof smooth muscle tissue. Cells of the inner layer encircle the tube. When the circle layer contracts, the doameter of the tube decreases. The cells of the outer layer run lengthwise. When the longitudinal layer (cells run lengthwise) contrats, the tube shortens. Coordinated contractions of the smooth muscle layers cause movemwnts associated w/ digestion and absorption of food.

Which food stake the longest to digest? Which are the shortest?

Meat and fish can take as long as 2 days to fully digest. The proteins and fats they contain are complex molecules that take longer for your body to pull apart. By contrast, fruits and vegetables, which are high in fiber, can move through your system in less than a day

Define DIGESTION

Mechanical and Chemical breaking down of food into forms that cell membranes can absorb.

Protective Membranes Mesentery = Greater Omentum =

Mesentery = thin membrane extending from the peritoneal membrance taht suspends the small intestine from the abdominal wall and allows movement. Greater Omentum = comes fron the peritoneal membrane and drapes over the small intestine, stomach and transverse colon. it can stick to the infected area to keep the infection from spreading.

Stomach - explain how both Mechanical and Chemical Digestion occurs here. There are 3 layers of muscle, they are titled___, ____, and _____.

Mixing Example = stomach is full, waves of muscular contractions move along the wall from one end to another, every 20 seconds or so and mix foods w/ the digestive juices secreted in the mucosa. Circular, Lobgitudinal, and Diagonal

What are the two motor functions of the Alimentary Canal? Describe the movement or give an example.

Mixing Movements = occurs when smooth muscle in small segments of the tube contract rythmically. Mixing Example = stomach is full, waves of muscular contractionsmove along the wall from one end to another, every 20 seconds or so and mix foods w/ the digestive juices secreted in the mucosa. Mixing allows for movement in more than one direction. Propelling Movement = wavelike motion called peristalsis in which a ring of contraction occurs in the wall of hte tube and moves progressivley along its length. At the same time, the muscular wall just ahead of the ring relaxes (called receptive relaxation). As the peristalsis wave contacts along the tube - it pushes the food ahead. Peristalsis begins when food expands in the tube, it causes the sounds that can be heard through a stethoscope applied to the abdonminal wall.

Where does most absorption occur?

Most absorption takes place in the walls of the small intestine, which are densely folded to maximize the surface area in contact with digested food. Small blood and lymphatic vessels in the intestinal wall pick up the molecules and carry them to the rest of the body.

Name the 8 steps of the pathway of food.

Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine (Colon) Rectum Anus

Pancreatic Juice Pancreatic Amylase does what? Pancratic Lipase does what? 2 Nucleases are responsible for ? Trypsin and 2 other proteolytic enzymes do?

Pancreatic Amylase = Breaks starch intp disaccharides (maltose) Pancratic Lipase = Breaks triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol 2 Nucleases = Breaks nucleic acid into nucleotides Trypsin and 2 other proteolytic enzymes = Breaks polypeptides into dipeptides The pancreas, classified as a solid digestive organ because food does not pass through it, secretes the three digestive enzymes known as pancreatic amylase, pancreatic protease and pancreatic lipase.

What does the ESOPHAGUS do?

Peristalsis pushes food to the stomach. Yes - gravity matters/ helps but not required. You can shallow standing on your hands.

What's a Mass Movement? Where doe sit happen?

Peristaltic Waves of the large Intestine are different from the Small. Instead of occuring frequently, they happen only 2-3 times per day. Those waves produce MASS MOVEMENTS in which a large section of the intestinal wall constricts vigeroulsy, forcing intestinal contents to move toward the rectum. A person can VOLUNTARILY INHIBIT (PREVENT) defacation by contracting the EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER.

HIATAL HERNIA?

Portion of the stimach protrudes through this opewning into the thorax...reflux resultrs in heartburn, ulcer etc.

MASTICATION

Process of mech. breaking down the solid particles & mixing w/ salivia.

What does the PANCREAS do? The Pancreas is the _____ and ______ gland.

Produces and secretes pancreatic juice into the DUODENUM of the small intestine. Endocrine and Exocrine Gland.

What's after the LG Intestine? What does it do-do?

Rectum - Reg. elmination of feces

PERISTALSIS?

Rhythmic waves of muscular contratcions in the walls of tubular organs. Peristalsis is resonsible for propelling movements.

There are 4 distinct layers in the Alimentary Canal Wall. Begin w/ the innermost (Mucosa) , then Submucosa, Muscularis, what's next? What's it's primary functions?

SEROSA - outer covering of the tube SEROSA FUNCTION - protect tissues and secrete SEROUS FLUID to mositen and lubricate the outer surface.

The esophagus leads to the ______. What happens there?

STOMACH = Secretes acid and enzymes; mixes food w/ secretions to begin enzymatic digestion of proteins

There are 4 distinct layers in the Alimentary Canal Wall. Begin w/ the innermost (Mucosa) what's the next layer? What's it's primary functions?

SUBMUCOSA - contains considerable loose connective tissue as well as glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. SUMUCOSA FUNCTIONS - Nurish surrounding tissues and carry awat absorbed materials.

SALIVARY GLANDS 3 Pairs are? named and where are they found? They contain?

Saliva - moistens and lubricates and kills some bacteria. Contains AMYLASE which begns to breakdown some of the starches (less than 5%). 3 Pairs: Parotids = largest in cheeks. Secrete clear watery fluid rich in amylase. Sublingual = Floor of the mouth under the tip of the tongue. Produces predominantly serius fluid. Submandibular = along lower jawline, primarily mucus type secretions.

Major site of Digestion? Major site of Absorption?

Site of D = bulk of chemical digestion takes place in the small intestine thanks to the action of the pancreas Site of A = Most absorption takes place in the walls of the small intestine, which are densely folded to maximize the surface area in contact with digested food.

What's after the STOMACH? What does it do?

Small Intestine - Mixes food w/ bile and pancreatic juice, final enzymatic digestion of food molecules, main site of nutrient absoroption.

DUODENUM

Small intestine, 25 cm long, 5 cm in diameter, shortest and most fixed portion, a 'C' shaped path. The rest is free to move around.

What does the GALLBLADDER do? Where is it located? Common Bile Duct?

Stores and concentrates bile and releases it into the small intestine. Underside of the liver. Common Bile Duct = connects ye liver and gallblader to the stomach.

T/F The structutre of the wall, how it moves food, and its innervention are similar throughout its length.

TRUE

Define MECHANICAL Digestion

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change (retains chemical composition) to the food molecules.

Define CHEMICAL Digestion

The breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into smaller, water-soluble molecules using enzymes.

EMULSIFICATION?

The breakung up of larger fat globbules into smaller droplets by the ation of BILE SALTS.

Where does digestion of Lipids begin? What enzyme is involved?

The digestion of certain fats begins in the mouth, where short-chain lipids break down into diglycerides because of lingual lipase. The fat present in the small intestine stimulates the release of lipase from the pancreas, and bile from the liver enables the breakdown of fats into fatty acids.

Digestive System Physiology What does the digestive system do? List in sequence, start w/ 1. Ingestion of food. What are the next 5 steps?

The digestive system is responsible for taking whole foods and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to function, grow, and repair itself. The six primary processes of the digestive system include: 1. Ingestion of food 2. Secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes 3. Mixing and movement of food and wastes through the body 4. Digestion of food into smaller pieces 5. Absorption of nutrients 6. Excretion of waste

The digestive system uses 3 main processes to move and mix food. Explain Swallowing. Explain Peristalsis Explain Segmentation

The digestive system uses 3 main processes to move and mix food: Swallowing is the process of using smooth and skeletal muscles in the mouth, tongue, and pharynx to push food out of the mouth, through the pharynx, and into the esophagus. Peristalsis is a muscular wave that travels the length of the GI tract, moving partially digested food a short distance down the tract. It takes many waves of peristalsis for food to travel from the esophagus, through the stomach and intestines, and reach the end of the GI tract. Segmentation occurs only in the small intestine as short segments of intestine contract like hands squeezing a toothpaste tube. Segmentation helps to increase the absorption of nutrients by mixing food and increasing its contact with the walls of the intestine.

ESOPHAGEAL HIATUS?

The esophagus penetrates the diaphram through an opening called the ESOPHAGEAL HIATUS and connects to the stomach.

There are 4 distinct layers in the Alimentary Canal Wall. Begin w/ the INNERMOST. What is it and what's it's primary functions?

1. MUCOSA - mucous memb. w/ surface epithelium, underlyinhg connective tissue and a small amount of smooth muscle. MUCOSA FUNCTIONS - protects tissues below it, secretes into the lumen, and absorbs substances from the diet. Folded in some areas w/ tiny projections (villi and microvilli to increase surface area for absorption) that extend into the passageway or lumen. Folds increase the absorptive area.. The mucosa lining also has glands that secrete mucus and digestive enzymes.

GASTRIC GLANDS make gastric juice. 3 Types of secretetory cells:

1. Mucucous Cells (Goblet Cells) - near the openings of the gastric pits & secrete mucus. They make large qualtities of thin mucus. They also release a more viscose and alkaline sectetion that coats the inside of the stimach wall. WHY? 2. Deeper parts of the glands include Chief Cells which secrete digestive enzymes - mainly PEPSINOGEN. Pepsin is the enzyme that works on proteins. Parietal Cells which secrete HCl (hydrochloric acid). Secrete "INTRINSTIC FACTOR" which helps the small intestine absorb Vit. B12. TOGETHER they make up GASTRIC JUICE.

List the three functions of the Stomach.

1. Produce gastric juices (HCl and pepsinogen) 2. Begin digestion of proteins into polypeptides 3. Kill some surafce bacteria

Explain the sequence of SHALLOWING.

1. TONGUE pushes up against the HARD PALATE forcing the bolus to the back of the mouth and into the PHARYNX. 2. SOFT PALATE moves up to ckose off the NASAL passages. 3. EPIGLOTTIS seals off the TREACHEA, LARYNX moves up to support the EPIGLOTTIS. 4. Food passes through the PHARYNX, OVER THE TREACHEA OPENING & into the ESOPHAGUS.

There are six different sphincters within the digestive system. Name them. Locate them. Function?

1. Upper Esophageal Sphincter Location: (UES) Found at the end of the pharynx, where it protects the entrance to the esophagus. Function: The UES is responsible for preventing air from getting into the esophagus when we breathe and to prevent food from being aspirated into our respiratory tracts. Because of its location, the UES also plays a role in burping and vomiting. Malfunctioning of the UES, as part of gastroesophageal reflux disease, (GERD) can cause acid to back up into the throat or into the airways. 2. Lower Esophageal/ Cardiac Sphincter Location: (LES), also known as the cardiac sphincter, is located at the bottom of the esophagus where it meets up with the stomach. Functions: Allow food to pass from the esophagus into the stomach, to allow air to escape from the stomach when burping, and to prevent stomach acid from washing back up into the esophagus. 3. Pyloric Sphincter Located: Between the stomach and the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. Function: The pyloric sphincter opens to allow partially digested food (chyme) to pass from the stomach into the duodenum for further digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body. 4. Sphincter of Oddi Located: where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct connect to the duodenum. Function: The SO opens after we have eaten so as to allow bile from the gallbladder, and enzymes from the pancreas, to enter the duodenum so as to break down food components for absorption into the body. 5. Ileocecal Sphincter Located: where the small intestine and the large intestine meet. Function: There is not much known about this sphincter, other than that it is thought to expel chyme from the end of the small intestine, (the ileum) into the large intestine. 6. Anal Sphincter Located: at the end of the rectum, and therefore at the end of the digestive tract. Function: The anal sphincter regulates the process of the evacuation of stool. It has both an inner and outer component. The inner sphincter is under involuntary control (and therefore prevents stool from leaking out), while the outer sphincter is predominantly under voluntary control, thus allowing for a bowel movement. A malfunction of the anal sphincter can cause stool leakage, a health condition known as fecal incontinence.​

The ALIMENTARY CANAL includes 7 parts (start at the mouth). 1. Mouth 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____ 6. ___ 7. ___

1. mouth 2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. sm. intestine 6. lg. intestine 7. anal canal

The Alimentary Canal has 4 Accessory Organs. They are: 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ___

1. salivary glands 2. liver 3. gallblader 4. pancreas

The Alimentary Canal is ____ meters long.

8 m

LARGE INTESTINE - function? This part has 4 parts. Name them and state the function. Name the 4 parts of the Colon.

Absorns ingested water and electrolytes remaining in the Alimentary Canal. Reabsorbs and recycles water and remnants of digestive secretions. Forms feces and stores feces. 1. CECUM - at the beginning of the large intestine. Dilated, pouch-like structure. 2. APPENDIX- The narrow closed end of the CECUM is called the Appendix. The human appendix has no known function but it contains lymophatic tissue. It can be removed but it's thought to contain healkthy "gut" microbiome. 3. COLON - divided into 4 parts: Ascending, Transverse (longest and most moveable part), Descending, at the bfrim of the pelis, there's an S curve called the Sigmoid Colon. 4. ANAL CANAL & ANUS - last 2.5 -4 cm of the large intestine. The mucus membrane in the canal is folded into a series of 6-8 longitudinal Anal Columns. 2 Sphincter Muscles control the anus. Internal S. is under involuntary control. The External S. is under voluntary control.

Is the DUODENUM before of after the stomach?

After

Digestive System = _______ and _______

Alimentary Canal and Accessory Organs

What does SEROUS FLUID do on the serosa?

Allows the organs in the abdominal cavity to slide freely.

What's the last stop on the Alimentary Canal?

Anus

Ph of the stomach?

Before food arrives, the stomach normally has a pH between 5.0 and 6.0. In young and healthy adults it takes about 45 minutes before enough acid is generated to drop the pH to 3.0. This is because stomach acid is secreted into the stomach in response to the expansion of the stomach wall. During this time a considerable amount of digestive work can be accomplished if plant enzymes, either indigenous to the raw food ingested or from a supplemental source, are present. Unfortunately, the amount of time necessary to make stomach acid increases with age. There is a common misconception that enzymes are destroyed by stomach acid. Nothing could be further from the truth. Stomach acid does not digest protein. Rather, it activates an enzyme called pepsinogen which then becomes pepsin that is secreted by the stomach wall. This enzyme is only active within the pH range of 3.0 to 5.0 and requires the acid to maintain that pH. Pepsin is very specific in its action and is simply incapable of digesting food enzymes, which are very large molecules and are more than just protein.

Is Bile an ENZYME? What is Bile composed of?

Bile is not considered an enzyme. Bile rather allows enzymes to interact more effectively with enzymes secreted by the pancrease. Composed of bile salts, bile pigments, chlesterol and electrolytes

Nutrient molecules enter the blood stream through the ______.

Capillaries

End products of digestion? Carbs become ____. Proteins turn into ____. Fats into ____ and ____.

Carbohydrates into sugars. Proteins into amino acids. Fats into fatty acids and glycerol

There are 4 portions of the stomach. List from top to bottom.

Cardiac Region - Near the esphagus Fundic Region - Temp storage Body Region - Main part Pyloric Region - end by small intestine. Pyloric sphincter controls the release into the small intestine.

Where is the PHARYNX and what does it do?

Connects mouth w/ esophagus

Disgestion is a just a series of what type of chemical reaction?

Digestion in our body is also an example of decomposition reactions. The starch decomposes in to sugar in the body and proteins get decomposed into smaller substances called amino acids. The bulk of chemical digestion takes place in the small intestine thanks to the action of the pancreas. The pancreas secretes an incredibly strong digestive cocktail known as pancreatic juice, which is capable of digesting lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids.

Differences between the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE TRACT.

Digestive Tract: The main organs that make up the digestive system (in order of their function) are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. The digestive system is a broader term that includes other structures, including the accessory organs of digestion, such as the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

What does the LIVER do? Is it big? Is Bile an ENZYME?

Digestive purpose = Produces BILE BILE emulsifies fat. Largest internal organ Not an enzyme.

CARDIAC SPHINCTER MUSCLE? Where is is and what does it do?

Enrtance from the lower esophageal sphincter into ythe stomach is controlled by the Cardiac Sphincter Muscle.

Where does digestion of Proteins begin? What enzyme is involved?

Enzymatic digestion of proteins begins in the stomach with the action of the enzyme pepsin.

SMALL INTESTINE - what special features increase the surface area? Whay are they thdere? What happens here? What are the three sections and length of each.

Features Villie and Microvilli to increase the surface area and to help spead enzymes and better absorb food. Majority of digestion and absorption occurs here. Transports leftovers to the large intestine. Duodenum (25 cm long) Jejunum (4m-13.1 feet) Ileum (2.5-8.2 feet) By the time food has left the duodenum, it has been reduced to its chemical building blocks—fatty acids, amino acids, monosaccharides, and nucleotides.

GREATER OMENTUM?

Flap of fatty tissue (fatty apron) over the intestines.

CHYME

Food leaves the stomach through the PYLORIC SPHINCTER as a semi - fluid mass called CHYME.

BOLUS? How does it for?

From Bite to Bolus: A mass of food or liquid enters the esophagus during swalling.

PEPSIN?

Gastric juice contains PEPSIN. Pepsin breaks down proteins. Proteolytic enzymes are specific types of enzymes that play important roles in protein digestion, immune function and other vital processes. Your body produces them, but you can also consume them by eating certain foods or taking supplements.

Is the stomach inside or outside the DIAPHRAGM?

Inside

Which organs of hte digestive system are considered SOLID? Why?

The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system. The digestive system helps the body digest food. Some of the organs are hollow, while others are solid. A series of muscle contractions moves food through the digestive system from the hollow organs to the solid organs. This important process is called peristalsis. The hollow organs of the digestive system include the following: Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine While the hollow organs play critical roles in the digestive process, the solid organs release various chemicals that allow the digestive process to actually work. The solid organs of the digestive system include the following: Pancreas The pancreas is located in the upper part of the abdomen, behind the stomach. It produces digestive juices that help the small intestine break down food into carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It also makes chemicals that help regulate blood sugar levels, which affect how much energy the body has available to use. Liver The liver is a very large organ located above the stomach in the upper abdomen. Among its many important functions, the liver creates bile, a digestive substance that's stored in the gallbladder. During digestion, bile is sent into the small intestine to help break down foods that contain fats. Besides aiding in the digestive process, the liver also stores nutrients and helps remove toxins from the body. Gallbladder The gallbladder is a small pouch that stores the bile made in the liver. During digestion, the gallbladder releases bile into the top part of the small intestine to break down foods that contain fats.

BILE DUCT BLOCKAGE?

Tne Bile Duct is a tube that transports bile from the Cystic Duct and the Common Hepatic Duct to the Duedenum. Gallstones are the most common cause of blocked bile ducts. Stones typically form inside the gallbladder and can block the common bile duct, the drainpipe at the base of the liver. If the duct remains blocked, bilirubin backs up and enters the blood stream. If bacteria above the blockage accumulates and backs up into the liver, it may cause a severe infection called ascending cholangitis. If a gallstone stops in between the gallbladder and the common bile duct, an infection called cholecystitis may occur.

The esophagus has tow parts what are their names? Location?

Upper Esophageal Sphincter Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Where does digestion of Carbs begin? What enzyme is involved?

You begin to digest carbohydrates the minute the food hits your mouth. The saliva secreted from your salivary glands moistens food as it's chewed. Saliva releases an enzyme called amylase, which begins the breakdown process of the sugars in the carbohydrates you're eating.

What caues and treatments for CONSTIPATION?

Your colon's main job is to absorb water from residual food as it's passing through your digestive system. It then creates stool (waste). The colon's muscles eventually propel the waste out through the rectum to be eliminated. If stool remains in the colon too long, it can become hard and difficult to pass. Poor diet frequently causes constipation. Dietary fiber and adequate water intake are necessary to help keep stools soft. Fiber-rich foods are generally made from plants. Fiber comes in soluble and insoluble forms. The soluble fiber can dissolve in water and creates a soft, gel-like material as it passes through the digestive system. Insoluble fiber retains most of its structure as it goes through the digestive system. Both forms of fiber join with stool, increasing its weight and size while also softening it. This makes it easier to pass through the rectum. Stress, changes in routine, and conditions that slow muscle contractions of the colon or delay your urge to go may also lead to constipation. Common causes of constipation include: low-fiber diet, particularly diets high in meat, milk, or cheese dehydration lack of exercise delaying the impulse to have a bowel movement travel or other changes in routine certain medications, such as high calcium antacids and pain medications pregnancy Underlying medical problems The following are some underlying medical problems that can bring on constipation: certain diseases, such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes problems with the colon or rectum, including intestinal obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or diverticulosis overuse or misuse of laxatives (medications to loosen stools) hormonal problems, including an underactive thyroid gland A woman or child. Women have more frequent episodes of constipation than men, and children are affected more often than adults. Pregnant. Hormonal changes and pressure on your intestines from your growing baby can lead to constipation. How is constipation diagnosed? Many people affected by constipation choose to self-treat by changing their diets, increasing exercise, or using over-the-counter laxatives. You should talk to your primary care provider if: you've had constipation for more than three weeks you have blood in your stool you have abdominal pain you're experiencing pain during bowel movements you're losing weight you have sudden changes in your bowel movements Your doctor will ask questions about your symptoms, medical history, and any medications or underlying conditions. A physical examination may include a rectal exam and blood tests to check your blood count, electrolytes, and thyroid function. In severe cases, additional tests may be required to identify the cause of your symptoms. Tests may include the following: Marker study A marker study, also called a colorectal transit study, is used to test how food is moving through your colon. For this test, you'll swallow a pill that contains tiny markers that will show up on an X-ray. Numerous abdominal X-rays will be taken over the next few days so the doctor can visualize how the food is moving through your colon and how well your intestinal muscles are working. You may also be asked to eat a diet high in fiber during the test. An anorectal manometry is a test used to evaluate anal sphincter muscle function. For this test, your doctor will insert a thin tube with a balloon tip into your anus. When the tube is inside, the doctor will inflate the balloon and slowly pull it out. This test allows them to measure your anal sphincter's muscle strength and see if your muscles are contracting properly. Barium enema X-ray A barium enema X-ray is a type of test used to examine the colon. For this test, you'll drink a special liquid the night before the test to clean out the bowel. The actual test involves the insertion of a dye called barium into your rectum, using a lubricated tube. The barium highlights the rectum and colon area, allowing the doctor to better view them on an X-ray. Colonoscopy

A. Liter capacity of the STOMACH? B. The stomach linng replaces itself ____. C. _____ cells shed every minute D. ____ pass through the stomach faster than ____. E. Does absorption happen here?

a. 1-3 liter capacity b. Every 3 days c. 500,000 cells shed every minute d. Liquids pass faster than solids. e. Not much absorption - SMALL amount sof water, some salts, some alcohol, and somre lipid soluable drugs

Material that is eatten is broken down into _____. After it's broken down, it is _____.

chemical building blocks: Simple sugar amio acids nucleotides gfatty acids glyerol After break down, it is asorbed thriugh the walls to be recombined into the molecules your body needs.

The main part of the digestive system is a ____ that extends through the body. The system that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus, includes several accessory organs which release secreations into the tube is called _____.

long tube and accessory organs = ALIMENTARY CANAL