Digestive system
What is the role of bile?
It breaks down large fat droplets into smaller droplets.
Which of the following is an example of a parasympathetic nervous system function?
Food entering the pharynx.
Pancreatic lipase breaks fats down into which two digestive products?
Free fatty acids and monoglycerides
What is needed to convert inactive pepsinogen into active pepsin?
HCL
Which section of the small intestine provides the best place for absorption of vitamin B12?
Ileum
Which movement within the small intestine is described as the contraction of circular smooth muscles that constrict the intestines into segments?
Segmentation
Which type of cell lines the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelial cells.
Mascularis externa
smooth muscle; responsible for peristalsis and segmentation
Which enzymes are found in the microvilli of the small intestine?
Brush Border Enzymes
Why is the appendix considered a potential trouble spot in the intestine?
Because bacteria can gather in it due to its long-slender shape, which might lead to inflammation, and spilling infectious material into the abdominal cavity.
When you put a bite of food in your mouth, why is there an increase in secretions from the gastric glands?
Because the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated.
Which of the following secretions helps neutralize acidic chyme coming from the stomach?
Bicarbonate.
What is the role of Cholecystokinin?
It stimulates the gallbladder to release bile.
Which of the following is true about the gallbladder?
It stores and concentrates bile.
Which of the following structures are lymphatic capillaries that absorb dietary fats?
Lacteals
Carbohydrates are broken down in the small intestine by which of the following?
Pancreatic Amylase
Which of the following details the correct order in which proteins are digested?
Pepsin breaks down peptide bonds in the stomach, then the pancreatic enzymes complete the digestion in the intestines.
How does food move through the esophagus?
Peristalsis, a series of wavelike muscular contractions
How are lymphatic tissues an integral part of the ileum?
Peyer's Patches prevent bacteria from entering the bloodstream.
When the stomach is empty it folds in on itself, creating which feature?
Rugae
Which of the following substances will stimulate the liver to produce bile and the pancreas to release bicarbonate?
Secretin
Why is the duodenum important in the small intestine?
The duodenum receives most of the digestive juices that breakdown food into nutrients.
Which structure must open for food to pass from the esophagus to the stomach?
The lower esophageal sphincter
Cindy has been diagnosed with peptic ulcers that require treatment. What has occurred within her stomach to lead to this condition?
The protective mucus coating of the stomach has failed.
Which structure controls the passage of food out of the stomach?
The pyloric sphincter.
How does the soft palate play an important role in the function of the pharynx?
The soft palate prevents food that is being swallowed from entering the nasopharynx.
What is the role of the tongue in mechanical digestion?
The tongue mixes the chewed food with saliva.
How are the Parietal cells within the stomach involved in the digestive process?
They produce hydrochloric acid to create the environment within the stomach for converting pepsinogen into pepsin.
If a person decides to defecate, then what is the last structure the waste materials will pass through?
anal canal
What is the proper order of the four segments of the colon?
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
Which of the following is a large pouch that forms the beginning of the large intestine?
cecum
Which cells in the stomach produce pepsinogen?
chief cells
What assists with the mechanical digestion of food inside the stomach?
churning
Which of the following structures create a turbulent flow through the small intestine?
circular folds
saliva
contains mucus, antimicrobial agent, salivary amylase,
Which structures secrete mucus?
goblet cell
What is the name given to the multiple pouches in the outer wall of the colon?
haustra
peptic ulcer
open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum
Which enzyme breaks down starch in pancreas
pancreatic amylase
Nutrient-rich blood goes from the digestive system to the liver through the _____, then the liver is drained by the _____.
hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein
The _____ is an important part of digestion because it _____ material from flowing back into the small intestine.
ileocecal valve; prevents
The pyloric sphincter controls the flow of chyme as it passes out of the stomach and into the small intestine. Which of the following is a possible effect of a malfunctioning pyloric sphincter?
inadequate nutrient and absorption will occur.
Where do bile and pancreatic juice enter the digestive tract?
through the ampulla of oddi
Submucosa
very vascular, to pick nutrients.