Digestive System Questions
The pancreatic enzyme called pancreatic
amylase digests starch
Bile canaliculi are located ______.
between plates of hepatocytes in lobules
The pouch indicated in the figure is called a(n)
haustrum
The structure indicated by the arrow is the ______.
inferior labial frenulum
In the oral cavity, the epithelium lining the gums and hard palate is ______, while the epithelium lining the inside of the cheeks and lips is ______.
keratinized, nonkeratinized
A lymphatic capillary within the core of an intestinal villus, necessary for the absorption of lipids, is called a(n)
lacteal
The insulin-secreting accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland is the
pancreas
Which organ is located behind the greater curvature of the stomach and acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland?
pancreas
When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth into the ______ before reaching the esophagus.
pharynx
The muscular band that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the
pyloric sphincter
The structure indicated in the figure of the colon is the ______ flexure.
right colic
The pancreatic enzyme called pancreatic
lipase digests fats
Of the structural adaptations in the small intestine that increase surface area, which one increases the surface area the most?
microvilli
The structure indicated by the arrow in the image of the mouth is the _____ arch.
palatoglossal
The ______ is a spongy retroperitoneal gland posterior to the greater curvature of the stomach.
pancreas
Identify the letter that indicates the soft palate.
C
Identify changes in the digestive system seen in old age. Select all that apply.
Decreased appetite Decreased absorption of vitamins Decreased salivation Increased dental and gum disorders
Identify the functions of the stomach. Select all that apply.
Mechanical digestion Food storage
The cells in the gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are the
PARIETAL CELLS
Which muscular band regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
Identify the functions of the tongue. Select all that apply.
Sensory reception Secretion of mucus Speech
Identify the functions of the oral cavity. Select all that apply.
Taste Respiration Ingestion Mastication
Identify the structural adaptations that increase surface area in the small intestine. Select all that apply.
Villi Microvilli Circular folds
Which two structures are essential for all chewing, speech, sucking, and blowing?
cheeks, lips
The cells in the gastric glands that secrete pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, are the
chief cells
The duct indicated in the figure is the ______ duct.
common hepatic
The ligaments that are superior extensions of the falciform ligament and which suspend the liver from the diaphragm are the ______ ligaments.
coronary
The green duct indicated in the picture is the ______ duct.
cystic
The major role of the bile acids in bile is the ______.
emulsification of fats
The outer layer of material indicated in the figure is called ______.
enamel
The pancreatic islets are the ______ portion of the pancreas, while the majority of the pancreas is an ______ gland secreting enzymes and sodium bicarbonate.
endocrine, exocrine
The network of nervous tissue that controls digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow is specifically referred to as the
enteric nervous system
The cells in the gastric glands that secrete hormones and paracrines that aid in digestion are the _______ cells.
enteroendocrine
True or false: Diarrhea is a condition that will result when water reabsorption is increased in the large intestine.
false
The cuboidal cells surrounding the central vein in a hepatic lobule are called
hepatocytes
The cuboidal cells surrounding the central vein in a hepatic lobule are called ______.
hepatocytes
The muscle indicated in the figure of the pancreas is the
hepatopancreatic sphincter
The muscle that regulates the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum is the
hepatopancreatic sphincter (or oddi)
The junction between the distal portion of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine is the ______ junction.
ileocecal
Which valve is found at the junction of the small and large intestines?
ileocecal
The final portion of the small intestine is the
ileum
The final portion of the small intestine is the ______.
ileum
Water secreted by the salivary glands, stomach and small intestine during digestion is reabsorbed by the ______.
large intestine
The margin of the stomach indicated by the letter A in the figure here is known as the ______.
lesser curvature
Which enzyme in saliva is activated by the stomach acid and digests fats?
lingual lipase
Compared to the jejunum, the ileum is ______.
longer and less muscular
The muscle layer indicated in the picture is the ______ muscle.
longitudinal
A serous membrane that suspends the intestines from the abdominal wall is called a(n)
mesentery
The fatty pouches of peritoneum formed by the serosa in some regions of the large intestine are called ______ appendages.
omental
The anterior opening between the lips is called the ______.
oral cavity
What part of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration?
oral cavity
Elderly people have a higher incidence of heartburn and constipation due to the ______ of the digestive tract.
reduced muscle tone
The region of the tooth indicated in the figure (between the two arrows) is the
root of the tooth
The mucosal folds indicated by the letter A in the figure shown are gastric
rugae
Where is lingual lipase first mixed with food?
saliva
The villi of the small intestine are best described as ______.
fingerlike projections of mucosa
The anterior opening of the oral cavity is known as the oral
fissure
The accessory digestive organ indicated in the image is the
gallbladder
Which are functions of saliva? Select all that apply.
Cleanses mouth and teeth Dissolves molecules so they can be tasted Aids in swallowing
Which of the following comprise the three layers of the muscularis externa of the stomach?
Oblique Circular Longitudinal
The only substance the liver secretes for the digestive system is
bile
The taenia coli are indicated by which letter in this figure?
c
Within the hepatic lobules, hepatocytes secrete bile into narrow channels called bile
canaliculi
The region of the stomach indicated by the letter A in this figure is called the ______ region.
cardiac
Villi Microvilli Circular folds
cecum
The opening indicated in the figure of the liver is a ______.
hepatic sinusoid
In a living person, the small intestine is about ______ long.
2.7-4.5 meters
Identify the regions of the large intestine
Anal canal Colon Rectum Cecum
Identify components of a hepatic triad. Select all that apply.
Branches of the hepatic portal vein Branches of the hepatic artery Bile ductule
The stomach is lined with ______ epithelium.
simple columnar
The primary organ of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the _____.
small intestine
where teeth meet when the mouth is closed
soft palate
Which are functions of the cheeks and lips? Select all that apply.
speech articulation mechanical digestion pushing food between the teeth for chewing
The second segment of the small intestine is the
jejunum
The location of the stomach can best be described as ______.
just inferior to the diaphragm; in the upper left abdominal cavity
Identify the functions of the large intestine
Absorption of water and salts Eliminating feces
The system of blood vessels that connect the lower digestive system to the liver is the ______ system.
Hepatic portal
Identify areas drained by the hepatic portal system. Select all that apply.
Intestines, stomach
Most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs in which specific segment of the digestive tract?
Jejunum
The organ that is a muscular sac located just inferior to the diaphragm in the upper left abdominal cavity is the
stomach
The primary food storage organ is the ______.
stomach
The mouth is lined with ______ epithelium.
stratified columnar
Taste sensation, compression of food, and swallowing are all functions of the ______.
tongue
The cluster of vessels indicated in the figure is the hepatic ______.
triad
A hepatic triad is composed of ______.
two blood vessels and a bile ductule
Measuring about 1 millimeter in height, the fingerlike extensions of mucosa that help increase surface area in the small intestine are called
villi
When describing the small intestine, the term "small" refers to its ______.
diameter
The primary pigment in bile is ______.
bilirubin
The ligament indicated in this figure is the
falciform ligament
Occlusal surfaces of teeth are found ______.
where teeth meet when the mouth is closed