Digestive System Questions

The pancreatic enzyme called pancreatic

amylase digests starch

Bile canaliculi are located ______.

between plates of hepatocytes in lobules

The pouch indicated in the figure is called a(n)

haustrum

The structure indicated by the arrow is the ______.

inferior labial frenulum

In the oral cavity, the epithelium lining the gums and hard palate is ______, while the epithelium lining the inside of the cheeks and lips is ______.

keratinized, nonkeratinized

A lymphatic capillary within the core of an intestinal villus, necessary for the absorption of lipids, is called a(n)

lacteal

The insulin-secreting accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland is the

pancreas

Which organ is located behind the greater curvature of the stomach and acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

pancreas

When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth into the ______ before reaching the esophagus.

pharynx

The muscular band that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the

pyloric sphincter

The structure indicated in the figure of the colon is the ______ flexure.

right colic

The pancreatic enzyme called pancreatic

lipase digests fats

Of the structural adaptations in the small intestine that increase surface area, which one increases the surface area the most?

microvilli

The structure indicated by the arrow in the image of the mouth is the _____ arch.

palatoglossal

The ______ is a spongy retroperitoneal gland posterior to the greater curvature of the stomach.

pancreas

Identify the letter that indicates the soft palate.

C

Identify changes in the digestive system seen in old age. Select all that apply.

Decreased appetite Decreased absorption of vitamins Decreased salivation Increased dental and gum disorders

Identify the functions of the stomach. Select all that apply.

Mechanical digestion Food storage

The cells in the gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are the

PARIETAL CELLS

Which muscular band regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?

Pyloric sphincter

Identify the functions of the tongue. Select all that apply.

Sensory reception Secretion of mucus Speech

Identify the functions of the oral cavity. Select all that apply.

Taste Respiration Ingestion Mastication

Identify the structural adaptations that increase surface area in the small intestine. Select all that apply.

Villi Microvilli Circular folds

Which two structures are essential for all chewing, speech, sucking, and blowing?

cheeks, lips

The cells in the gastric glands that secrete pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, are the

chief cells

The duct indicated in the figure is the ______ duct.

common hepatic

The ligaments that are superior extensions of the falciform ligament and which suspend the liver from the diaphragm are the ______ ligaments.

coronary

The green duct indicated in the picture is the ______ duct.

cystic

The major role of the bile acids in bile is the ______.

emulsification of fats

The outer layer of material indicated in the figure is called ______.

enamel

The pancreatic islets are the ______ portion of the pancreas, while the majority of the pancreas is an ______ gland secreting enzymes and sodium bicarbonate.

endocrine, exocrine

The network of nervous tissue that controls digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow is specifically referred to as the

enteric nervous system

The cells in the gastric glands that secrete hormones and paracrines that aid in digestion are the _______ cells.

enteroendocrine

True or false: Diarrhea is a condition that will result when water reabsorption is increased in the large intestine.

false

The cuboidal cells surrounding the central vein in a hepatic lobule are called

hepatocytes

The cuboidal cells surrounding the central vein in a hepatic lobule are called ______.

hepatocytes

The muscle indicated in the figure of the pancreas is the

hepatopancreatic sphincter

The muscle that regulates the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum is the

hepatopancreatic sphincter (or oddi)

The junction between the distal portion of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine is the ______ junction.

ileocecal

Which valve is found at the junction of the small and large intestines?

ileocecal

The final portion of the small intestine is the

ileum

The final portion of the small intestine is the ______.

ileum

Water secreted by the salivary glands, stomach and small intestine during digestion is reabsorbed by the ______.

large intestine

The margin of the stomach indicated by the letter A in the figure here is known as the ______.

lesser curvature

Which enzyme in saliva is activated by the stomach acid and digests fats?

lingual lipase

Compared to the jejunum, the ileum is ______.

longer and less muscular

The muscle layer indicated in the picture is the ______ muscle.

longitudinal

A serous membrane that suspends the intestines from the abdominal wall is called a(n)

mesentery

The fatty pouches of peritoneum formed by the serosa in some regions of the large intestine are called ______ appendages.

omental

The anterior opening between the lips is called the ______.

oral cavity

What part of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration?

oral cavity

Elderly people have a higher incidence of heartburn and constipation due to the ______ of the digestive tract.

reduced muscle tone

The region of the tooth indicated in the figure (between the two arrows) is the

root of the tooth

The mucosal folds indicated by the letter A in the figure shown are gastric

rugae

Where is lingual lipase first mixed with food?

saliva

The villi of the small intestine are best described as ______.

fingerlike projections of mucosa

The anterior opening of the oral cavity is known as the oral

fissure

The accessory digestive organ indicated in the image is the

gallbladder

Which are functions of saliva? Select all that apply.

Cleanses mouth and teeth Dissolves molecules so they can be tasted Aids in swallowing

Which of the following comprise the three layers of the muscularis externa of the stomach?

Oblique Circular Longitudinal

The only substance the liver secretes for the digestive system is

bile

The taenia coli are indicated by which letter in this figure?

c

Within the hepatic lobules, hepatocytes secrete bile into narrow channels called bile

canaliculi

The region of the stomach indicated by the letter A in this figure is called the ______ region.

cardiac

Villi Microvilli Circular folds

cecum

The opening indicated in the figure of the liver is a ______.

hepatic sinusoid

In a living person, the small intestine is about ______ long.

2.7-4.5 meters

Identify the regions of the large intestine

Anal canal Colon Rectum Cecum

Identify components of a hepatic triad. Select all that apply.

Branches of the hepatic portal vein Branches of the hepatic artery Bile ductule

The stomach is lined with ______ epithelium.

simple columnar

The primary organ of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the _____.

small intestine

where teeth meet when the mouth is closed

soft palate

Which are functions of the cheeks and lips? Select all that apply.

speech articulation mechanical digestion pushing food between the teeth for chewing

The second segment of the small intestine is the

jejunum

The location of the stomach can best be described as ______.

just inferior to the diaphragm; in the upper left abdominal cavity

Identify the functions of the large intestine

Absorption of water and salts Eliminating feces

The system of blood vessels that connect the lower digestive system to the liver is the ______ system.

Hepatic portal

Identify areas drained by the hepatic portal system. Select all that apply.

Intestines, stomach

Most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs in which specific segment of the digestive tract?

Jejunum

The organ that is a muscular sac located just inferior to the diaphragm in the upper left abdominal cavity is the

stomach

The primary food storage organ is the ______.

stomach

The mouth is lined with ______ epithelium.

stratified columnar

Taste sensation, compression of food, and swallowing are all functions of the ______.

tongue

The cluster of vessels indicated in the figure is the hepatic ______.

triad

A hepatic triad is composed of ______.

two blood vessels and a bile ductule

Measuring about 1 millimeter in height, the fingerlike extensions of mucosa that help increase surface area in the small intestine are called

villi

When describing the small intestine, the term "small" refers to its ______.

diameter

The primary pigment in bile is ______.

bilirubin

The ligament indicated in this figure is the

falciform ligament

Occlusal surfaces of teeth are found ______.

where teeth meet when the mouth is closed