Digestive System Study Guide
List all the things that occur during the gastric phase
-Stretch receptors signal to the stomach to expand -Gastric is released into the circulatory system .
How many lives does the liver have ?
4
What is chyme ?
A vicious, acidic, soupy mixture produced in the stomach .
What hormone is secreted in the duodenum when the chyme that has entered has lipids and partially digested ?
CCK (cholestokinin)
What enzymes of the pancreas breaks down sugars and starches?
Carbohydrates
List the 4 organic nutrients from easiest to break down and absorb in the small intestine to the hardest
Carbs , nucleic, lipids, protein
List the section of the large intestine from where it begins at the end of the ileum to the anus
Cecum , colon , rectum
What digestive phase can be included simply by sight, smell or thought of food ?
Cephalic phase
What duct transports bile from the liver ?
Common Hepatic Duct
Which 2 ducts join to become the common bile duct ?
Common hepatic duct and the cystic duct
What segment of the small intestines releases 4 hormones critical to coordinating secretary activities of the digestive system ?
Duodenum
What do we call the bulge at the top of the stomach ?
Fundus
What hormones is released in both the duodenum and the stomach ?
Gastric
What hormone causes the release of insulin in the pancreas ?
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)
What hormone is released when fats and carbohydrates (specifically glucose) enter the small intestine ?
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)
What is the name for the external pouches that run a long the large intestines ?
Haustra
What sphincter opens into the duodenum ?
Hepapancreatic Sphincter
What sphincter regulates the flow of material into the large intestines ?
Ileocecal Valve
What is the last segment of the small intestines ?
Ileum
What is the longest segment of the small intestines ?
Ileum
What do pancreatic islets secrete ?
Insulin and glucogen
What sphincter is made of smooth muscle and is not under voluntary control?
Internal Anal Sphincter
What segment of the small intestines carries out the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption ?
Jejunum
What enzyme of the pancreas breaks down fats ?
Lipases
List all the things that occur during the intestinal phase
Most of the respiratory controls are inhibitory Gastrin production and stomach motility are reduced
What two ducts share a passageway into the duodenum ?
Pancreatic duct and Common bile duct
What 2 enzymes in the stomach preliminarily digest proteins and carbs?
Pepsin and salivary amylace
What do we call phagocytic cells that remove debris and toxins in the circulatory system in the liver ?
Phagocytic kupffer cells
What is the difference between plicae and villi ?
Plicae are the transverse folds on the small intestines walls, villi increases surface area for absorption .
What connects the stomach to the small intestines ?
Pylorous
What are 3 functions of the large intestine ?
Reabsorption of water and compaction of the intestinal contents into feces. The absorption of important vitamins freed by bacterial actions. The storage of fecal matter.
What are the 3 functions of the liver ?
Regulates the composition of circulating blood Synthesizes bile and excretes it into the duodenum Removes aged or damaged red blood cells
What does the pyloric sphincter do ?
Regulates the flow of chyme between the stomach and the small intestines .
What hormone is released when the pH falls in the duodenum (meaning HCI content is high)?
Secretin
Approximately where is the ascending and descending colon located in the abdominopelvic cavity respectively ?
Tarniae coli
What causes diarrhea ?
The large intestine is reabsorbing too little water .
Approximately where is the stomach located in the abdominopelvic cavity ?
The left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity
What are 3 common professes ?
Trypsin , chymotrypsin, carbopeptidsse
What are the 5 components of bile ?
Water Ions Bilirubin Cholesterol Bile salts
What causes the hormone CCK to increase in the duodenum ?
When the amount of lipids in the chyme increase