DIGM 3351 Final
"Prepress" is everything from [x] to [x1].
"Prepress" is everything from design to printing.
Please match the file format in the left column with its best match in the right column. .indd or .qxp .doc .jpg or .jpeg .tif or .tiff .eps .ai .gif .pdf .psd .dng .crw
.indd or .qxp G. page layout document .doc F. Word document .jpg or .jpeg H. lossy pixel-based format .tif or .tiff A. lossless pixel-based format .eps I. can contain both vector and pixel-based content .ai E. Illustrator file .gif B. has absolutely no place in the printing industry .pdf L. standard format for sharing completed documents .psd M. Photoshop document .dng D. Adobe initiative to standardize camera-raw formats .crw K. Canon raw format
Backing-up hard drives is essential for both graphic designers and prepress technicians. Please describe an effective back-up plan for files. Include 1) number of back-up copies there ought to be; 2) location of those back-ups; and 3) frequency of back-ups.
1) At least three copies...the original hard drive, one on-site backup, and one remote backup. 2) At least one on site and at least one off site. 3) Frequency...hourly is best. Apple's "Time Machine" software backs up automatically every hour.
Please place these in order of operation from first to last.
1. Calibrate 2. Characterize 3. Convert
Calculate the file size in megabytes of a 10 X 12 grayscale image printed with a 150 line screen.
10.30
Which of the follow LPIs would be most appropriate for a halftone to be printed with offset lithography on Grade 3 coated paper? (Hint: use the blue-and-white striped sheet.)
150
According to DISC (page 63), which megapixel-sized image is needed for a printed spread in Category A?
16 MP
A grayscale image to be reproduced with a 150 line screen at 100% should be scanned at a minimum of [a] pixels per inch (if "good" quality is desired) and a maximum of [b] pixels per inch (if "best" quality is desired).
225, 300
How many halftone dots per square inch are there if the dot's complete name is: 150 line, 20% printer, 45 degree angle, eliptical shape?
22500
What bit-depth is required to produce 256 shades each of red, green, and blue? [a]
24
To prevent moiré in conventional halftones, one must angle overlapping screens at approximately _____degrees apart.
30
Which of these screen angles is the least visible?
45 degrees
Which of the follow LPIs would be most appropriate for a halftone to be printed with screen printing on a T-Shirt? (Hint: See page 54 of Chapter 1 of Dr. Waite's Photoshop book, which is linked to Session 8.)
50
Which of these screen angles is the most visible?
90 degrees
Please click on the illustration that represents "colorimetric intent."
A
Identify each lettered margin or line on the flat (or digital plate) in the illustration with its name in the right column.
A H. head of plate B E. plate bend line/paper line C C. gripper margin D A. horizontal center line E B. side guide side F D. vertical center line G F. perimeter of the press sheet H G. tail of the plate
What is the "product" or "output" of a "traditional" graphic designer?
A comprehensive.
Match the item in the left column with the answer in the right column.
A material most affected by changes in humidity E. paper A material that is not affected by changes in humidity but softens when heated B. vinyl The most dimensionally-stable material in the right-hand list C. ruby peel on polyester
According to DISC (page 64) and the Print Characterization Chart (blue-and-white striped sheet), if you're going to print on Grade #3 Coated, the photographer should adhere to Category [a]. If the job is to be printed using heatset newsprint, Category [c] should be used. Finally, if you are going to print on Supercal SCB, the photographer should use Category [b].
A, C, B
Match the screening technology with its descriptions.
AM screening C. Conventional screening Different sized dots. A. Hybrid Organized chaos. B. Stochastic FM screening B. Stochastic Same sized dots. B. Stochastic Parts of the tonal scale in AM and other parts in FM. A. Hybrid Has a screen angle. C. Conventional screening Higher objective "quality." B. Stochastic
Please match the standards organization with its function.
ANSI C. This organization oversees the creation, promulgation and use of thousands of norms and guidelines that directly impact American businesses. ICC E. This organization creates, promotes, and encourages the standardization of an open-vendor-neutral, cross-platform color management system. CIP4 A. This organization fosters the adoption of process automation in the printing industry. D. A German-based research institute for the Graphic Arts.
Which of the following companies developed PostScript?
Adobe
According to DISC, the preferred delivery format for image submissions is (are): (select all that apply)
Adobe Lightroom Adobe Bridge Adobe Photoshop
In order to achieve satisfactory results using soft proofing technologies, which of the following are recommended? The monitor of the individual approving the proof must be calibrated and characterized. The monitor used by the printing company customer service representative, salesperson, and/or prepress technician must be calibrated and characterized. Each monitor used in the process must be in an appropriate ambient environment (gray desktop, D50 lighting in the room, neutral-colored clothing by the technician/designer, and so on). The correct output device profile (like GRACoL, SNAP, or SWOP) must be chosen in the View→Proof Setup Dialog box in Photoshop or InDesign or the Print Production→Output Preview Dialog Box in Acrobat.
All of the above are recommended.
Which of the following is a reason why pdf files are rapidly replacing "native" files when jobs are handed-off from designer to printer? PDFs can contain the fonts, so there is no need to install them on the computer used to output the job. PDFs contain the images, so there is no need to provide linked graphic files. PDFs can easily be e-mailed. All the above.
All the above.
Please click on an illustration that represents "truncating" the tonal range when a color is translated from one gamut to another.
B
Why is it necessary to make halftones?
Because the press cannot print shades. It can only print the color of the ink or leave the press blank. Therefore we need halftones to create the illusion that shades exist.
Please match the traditional pre-press term in the left column with the appropriate response in the right column.
Camera used to capture full-sized image of paste-up - process camera Number of pieces of film required for each color image - 4 Masking out imperfections in film - solution of red clay applied with a brush Imposing images in the correct position for printing - film assembly or "stripping" Orange, red, or yellow material on which films were mounted - flat Chemically active light - actinic Device used to hold film against proof or plate during exposure to light - contact frame Simulation of what a press sheet will look like - proof
Characterization means [x]. Calibration means [x1].
Characterization means "take into account the peculiarities of a device.". Calibration means "make the device do what it is supposed to do".
[x] perform the transformation of a color from one color space to another when you use [x1] in Photoshop.
Color Management Modules perform the transformation of a color from one color space to another when you use the Convert to Profile command in Photoshop.
Match the item in the left column with the type of layout in the right column.
Content of photographs carefully sketched for photographer to follow - comprehensive Text is shown with "greeked" or "ipsum lorem" type - comprehensive Headlines are hand drawn to reasonably match typeface - rough Layout size is smaller than final product - thumbnail Headlines are carefully "comped" to match actual typeface - comprehensive Provides a "road map" to the paste-up artist (keyliner) - comprehensive
Which of the following workflows for the use of digital technology in photography is not ordered correctly?
Conventional camera>film negative or transparency>DAM>Photoshop>page layout program
_____ is a term referring to the process of choosing the part of a photograph to scan.
Cropping
The image below represents the [x] workflow.
Desktop Publishing
Which of these items are checked during preflighting? Check all true items.
Do all of the images have adequate resolution for the printing process? Are all of the images present?
Which of these is an error in planning for the Graphic Design Senior Show Invitation that I showed you in class? Select all true responses.
Doesn't meet Post Office requirements. Folded size doesn't fit in an envelope. Wrong shape to fit press equipment Length of press run not considered.
Which of these was not part of the "product" delivered by a traditional (pre desktop-publishing) graphic designer to a printing company?
Electronic files necessary to print the job.
Which of these dot shapes is preferred for reproductions of images containing animate objects such as human beings?
Ellipse
According to Graphic Means, the phrase "desktop publishing" was invented by Steve Jobs.
False
According to an interviewee in Graphic Means, Gutenberg would have been perplexed by the studio of the 1960's.
False
In 2020, most printed jobs require the production of film negatives.
False
In 2020, the most common method for handing-off digital files from designer to printer is through the use of floppy disks.
False
The monitor itself is the only factor that determines how many colors can be displayed on the screen.
False
The trend today is for technicians in printing companies to bear an increasing responsibility in the creation and reproduction of printed projects.
False
Today, it is common for the same text to be re-keyed several times as the job passes through manuscript, design, and page layout stages.
False
Please match the typesetting term in the left column with its definition in the right column.
Hot type - metal type characters cast from molten lead Galley - long columns of type cut into pieces for paste-up Cold type - type characters made photographically or through other non-molten means Proofreading - reading typeset content to make sure it matches manuscript
How are metal plates made? A blank plate contains plastic elements called [a] that are suspended in a(n) [b]. Light strikes the plate in selective areas and causes the plastic elements in those areas to "join hands" and become [c]. Areas that are not exposed remain unconnected [d] and are removed by a developing solution.
How are metal plates made? A blank plate contains plastic elements called mers that are suspended in a(n) emulsion. Light strikes the plate in selective areas and causes the plastic elements in those areas to "join hands" and become strong. Areas that are not exposed remain unconnected mers and are removed by a developing solution.
If you are going to buy a computer for electronic pre-press or graphic design, what should you consider regarding the monitor?
How many bits the monitor is able to display.
Savvy printers can take advantage of the lack of training/understanding by their clients and position themselves as a source of quality technical expertise. This expertise can be considered a value-added service that will engender loyalty by clients. How would YOU go about sharing your expertise with your clients in such a value-added way?
I would provide guidance and training on digital file construction. Also, provide information on the delivery methods, and information on time management and budget-friendly. I would also give all the necessary equipment or software to the clients.
ICC Profiles are [x] into scanned images, but must be [x1] to images captured with a digital camera.
ICC Profiles are embedded into scanned images, but must be applied to images captured with a digital camera.
What is this device called?
IT8
If you are going to buy a computer for graphic design or electronic pre-press, what should you consider regarding the RAM (random access memory)?
If the computer has 16GB.
In the L*a*b color model, the [x] is the white-black continuum, the [x1] is the magenta-green continuum, and the [x2] is the yellow-blue continuum.
In the L*a*b color model, the L is the white-black continuum, the a is the magenta-green continuum, and the b is the yellow-blue continuum.
Please click on the portion of this scanner dialog box you would use to select the profile that provides a "crosswalk" from the color values of a scanned file to the L*a*b values of an original calibration target.
Input Profile
[a] proofs are used for production control in the printers' plant while [b] proofs are shown to the client.
Internal, External
Which of these compression schemes is lossy?
JPEG
According to DISC, the preferred delivery format for image submissions is (are): (select all that apply)
JPEG High Quality DNG
(A) What tool was used to draw guidelines on a paste-up? (B) Why did keyliners use this tool (2 answers)?
Light-blue pen or pencil. Light blue does not reproduce.
Which of the following computer platforms is most widely used for image editing and publishing?
Mac
If you are going to buy a computer for electronic pre-press or graphic design, what should you consider regarding the computer platform (Unix, Windows, Mac)?
Mac is the most common in prepress, but PCs can be used just as well. You really need what your customers use.
Please match the paste-up (or keylining) term in the left column with the appropriate answer in the right column.
Paste-ups have been replaced with which type of software? - page layout Guidelines are drawn with - non-repo blue pencil or pen Printers marks (center, trim) are drawn with - black India ink The keyliner follows the "road map" provided by the - comprehensive layout Text cut from galleys and "clip-art" adhered to art board with - rubber cement or wax
Briefly describe why reverse engineering is so important to the production of a digital media product.
Planning a job from the end. Think about delivery, then bindery/finishing, then presswork, and so on. This will prevent costly mistakes that can be prevented if considered in advance.
[a] deals with language usage, spelling, and grammar in the text that comprises a printed document. [b] involves checking for content, imposition, and color in a job of printing.
Proofreading, Proofing
Please click on the portion of this scanner dialog box you would use to enter the results of the Nyquest Theorem calculation.
Resolution:
Please match the specification in the left column with the appropriate function in the right column.
SWOP D. Magazines SNAP G. Newspapers GRACoL A. Commercial printing FIRST F. Packaging DISC E. Photography
Which of these is true regarding GRACoL and SWOP?
SWOP is used for publications (like magazines) while GRACoL is used for brochures and other jobs of commercial printing.
Device characterization includes the following procedures or steps (select all that apply):
Scanned, photographed, displayed-on-screen, or printed colors are measured with a colorimeter or spectrophotometer The difference between each measured color and the known CIE value of the color is caused by the "character" of the device. Once the "character" of a device is measured, the result is stored as a "crosswalk" in an ICC Profile. Colors, whose device-independent CIE values are known, are scanned, photographed, displayed on-screen, or printed.
Which of these devices is characterized with an IT8 (shown below)? Select all that apply.
Scanners Digital cameras
To take into account the "peculiarities" or "characteristics" of a scanner, we need to [a] it by scanning a special target called an [b]. The differences between the measured values of each color patch on the target and the correct measurement, as contained in the [c] file, are saved into a new file called a [d]. The scanner software then uses this new file as a crosswalk between what is and what ought to be.
Specified Answer for: a characterize Specified Answer for: b IT8 Specified Answer for: c reference Specified Answer for: d profile
Which of these dot shapes is preferred for reproductions of images containing inanimate objects such as a toaster?
Square or round
To [x] a color proofer (inkjet or laser "printer") means that it outputs whites as white and blacks as black. [x1].
To calibrate a color proofer (inkjet or laser "printer") means that it outputs whites as white and blacks as black. Proofers do this process by themselves.
To [a] a machine means that it produces whites as white, blacks as black, and grays as gray. To [b] a machine means that we take into considerations the peculiarities of the device. To [c] means that we move an image from the way it appears to the way it should be.
To calibrate a machine means that it produces whites as white, blacks as black, and grays as gray. To characterize a machine means that we take into considerations the peculiarities of the device. To convert means that we move an image from the way it appears to the way it should be.
Please click on the SOURCE of the POINT SOURCE light. Position the cursor where the light emanates and click. Do not worry if the target shows up elsewhere on the screen. Just be sure to click from where the light source emanates.
Top Left Coordinates(12, 39)Bottom Right Coordinates(57, 81) Instructor selection and student response
Please click on the SOURCE of the diffused light. Position the cursor where the light emanates and click. Do not worry if the target shows up elsewhere on the screen. Just be sure to click from where the light source emanates.
Top Left Coordinates(4, 172)Bottom Right Coordinates(80, 250) Instructor selection and student response
Although graphic designers are generally competent artists, they may benefit from our technology-savvy help when building their files.
True
Importing text from a Microsoft Word file is an example of "text capture."
True
In the 21st century, the trend is to shift technical tasks from the printer to the designer.
True
Text that is not already in digital form can be "captured" using a scanner and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
True
The printer's task in today's digital world is to facilitate the acceptance of documents from customers then successfully output those files.
True
When scanning, it is important to scan at the highest resolution that you may ever need for the given image.
True
When scanning, it is important to scan images in the most versatile color more (RGB) so that images can be subsequently used for black-and-white or color printing or for web uses.
True
Which of the following methods eliminates moiré?
Use frequency modulated screening.
When air is cooled through air conditioning, its relative humidity [a]. When air is heated by heating systems, its relative humidity [b].
When air is cooled through air conditioning, its relative humidity goes down. When air is heated by heating systems, its relative humidity goes down.
When colors are translated from a larger gamut to a smaller one, the color management system must either truncate or compress the colors in the original gamut to the target one. [x] means that all the colors in the original gamut are compressed or squeezed into the smaller one.
When colors are translated from a larger gamut to a smaller one, the color management system must either truncate or compress the colors in the original gamut to the target one. Compressing means that all the colors in the original gamut are compressed or squeezed into the smaller one.
A proof must always be [a] by the [b] for an OK to print.
[a] approved [b] customer or client
According to DISC (page 65), an important component of a digital workflow is the ability of the publisher to easily sort, file, and access images. They key to this is [a]. You can think of this characteristic as a set of digital [b] that can be attached to the image. These identify who shot the image, where it was taken, when it was taken and what is pictured in the image.
[a] metadata [b] label
When scanning, which of the following should not be done? (Assume the use of the Microtek Scanner in the DIGM labs in Sugar Land—look at the screen captures in Dr. Waite's teaching notes.)
applying filters
Which of the following can affect the file size of an image?
both a and b
Disruptive technologies in visual communication tend to make communication jobs faster and [x] and to decrease the number of employees.
cheap or efficient or easier
On which of these two types of paper is it possible to print the smallest halftone dots?
coated
How do we make multicolor proofs in the DIGM 3351 lab?
color laser priinter
Please identify the object hanging in front of the monitor shown in the photo below.
colorimeter
The type of plates we use for the projects completed in DIGM 3351 are:
digital silver-based polyester plates imaged on a Mitsubishi Eco platesetter
Which of the following is not a name we give to each and every halftone dot?
dpi
To generate a halftone dot, the marking engine...
groups machine dots into halftone cells
To create various sizes of halftone dots, a laser printer or imagesetter must use groups of printed dots known as [a].
halftone cells
A printed halftone illustration:
is an optional illusion
Which of the following traditional production steps is ordered correctly?
keylining (paste-up); camerawork; stripping; proofing; platemaking
The press can print solid ink-color dots or
leave the paper blank
Checkerboard dots are found in the:
midtone area of the halftone.
Which of the following areas is generally reproduced with halftone dots ranging from 30% to 70%?
midtones
[a] are plastic compounds in which individual [b] are joined together by the addition of [c]. An example of this sort of plastic compound can be found in [d]
polymers are plastic compounds in which individual mers are joined together by the addition of point-source light. An example of this sort of plastic compound can be found in printing plates
What is the major goal of a color proof? To [a] what the [b] will look like.
predict, press sheet
Throughout history, the most powerful people have been the kings, priests, and [x].
scribe
A contract proof must always be [a] by the [b] for an OK to print.
signed, OK, or accept \by the customer, or client
In comparison to an original continuous-tone photograph, a printed halftone has ____ dots in the highlight areas, _____ dots in the shadow areas, and _____ dots in the midtone areas.
small, large, checkerboard
The original method for making a halftone was:
the Levy glass screen
The term "line" in "lines per inch" or "lpi" comes from:
the engraved scratches in the Levy glass screen
Which of these is the best definition for LPI?
the number of halftone dots per linear inch
Please click within the rectangle that contains a representation of the RGB color space.
three circle venn diagram
When manipulating image print size and image resolution, which of the following should only be used if absolutely necessary?
upsample
Which of the following is recommended when copywriters and/or authors use Word to prepare copy for placement in page layout programs? All of the above are recommended practices for copy writers and authors. Insert (embed) pictures in the Word document. Create intricate tables using Word's table generatoruse Style Sheets
use Style Sheets
[a] air can hold more water (humidity) than [b] air.
warm air can hold more water (humidity) than cool air.
