DIT Ch 11 FINAL

oxytocin

A second hormone, _____, signals breast tissue to "let down" milk.

C. botulinum spores

Avoid introduction of honey until age one because honey may contain ________

fluoride, iron, vitamin d

Breast milk is a near perfect food for infants, although it does lack some micronutrients that babies need. Breast milk is relatively low in which of the following nutrients? Check all that apply. -fluoride -iron -vitamin d -calcium

colostrum

Breastfeeding provides some advantages that are not achieved with formula feeding; one primary advantage is the production of ______, the initial form of breast milk.

pathogens

Microbes that can cause disease are called ______

prolactin

One hormone, ______, stimulates breast milk production.

diarrhea

Serving excessive amounts of apple or pear juice should be avoided, because the types of sugar in these drinks can lead to _____

bacteria

Simple single-celled microorganisms such as Salmonella and Clostridium are types of _______

ducts

The let-down reflex allows breast milk to travel through _____ to the nipple where the baby can access it by continuing to suckle.

antibodies; immune; yellowish

This early breast milk provides ______ and ______ properties and is _____ in color.

40F

What is the best internal temperature for your refrigerator? - 40F - 45F - 10F - 0F

egg salad

Which of the following foods is frequently a source of the toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus? - commercially canned baked beans - PB&J sandwich - dried apricots - egg salad

decreases

activity of bone-forming cells ____ during the aging process

decreases

brain weight ____ during the aging process

decreases

cardiac output ____ during the aging process

decreases

kidney cell function ____ during the aging process

decreases

saliva production ____ during the aging process

pituitary gland

A suckling infant sends a signal to the ______ in the mother's brain, telling it to release two hormones.

fungi

Food-borne illness can also be caused by microbes that live on dead or decaying organic matter. These kinds of microbes are called ______

A

Loraine's mother is babysitting Loraine's 8-month-old baby. When she mentions that she's going to give the infant applesauce that's sweetened with honey, Loraine tells her mother that he cannot have honey. Why doesn't Loraine want her baby to eat honey? A: honey contains botulism spores that can cause botulism in babies B: honey contains salmonella bacteria causing intestinal infections C: honey can contain prions that cause food-and-mouth D: honey can contain listeria monocytogens causing listeriosis in babies

3, 4, 2, 5, 1

Put the following components of a healthy maternal weight gain in order from greatest (1) to least (5) number of pounds gained by the end of pregnancy. 1. placenta 2. mother's blood 3. mother's added fat, protein and tissue fliud 4. fetus 5. amniotic fluid

15 to 25

Zoe is due to give birth to a girl in November. Before she became pregnant, Zoe weighed 168 pounds, which was in the overweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy. - 10 to 15 - 15 to 25 - no more than 5 - 20 to 35

not recommended

____ child-feeding practice: encourage kids to eat and drink while watching TV

increases

heartburn and constipation _____ during the aging process

gain 15-25 lbs

A woman's prepregnancy body weight classification is used to recommend how much weight she should gain during pregnancy. Consider each woman's prepregnancy body weight status and determine the appropriate amount of weight that she should gain by the end of her pregnancy. Assume she's pregnant with only one fetus. When coleen becomes pregnant, she's 10 lbs overweight - gain 28-40 lbs - gain 15-25 lbs - gain 25-35 lbs - gain 11-20 lbs

gains 28-40 lbs

A woman's prepregnancy body weight classification is used to recommend how much weight she should gain during pregnancy. Consider each woman's prepregnancy body weight status and determine the appropriate amount of weight that she should gain by the end of her pregnancy. Assume she's pregnant with only one fetus. When lisa becomes pregnant she's 15 lbs underweight - gain 28-40 lbs - gain 15-25 lbs - gain 25-35 lbs - gain 11-20 lbs

40 and 140 F

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between - 80 and 180 F - 20 and 120 F - 60 and 160 F - 40 and 140 F

a b d

Quinn is six months old. What factors determine whether Quinn is ready to eat solid foods? Check all that apply. A: Quinn no longer thrusts her tongue forward to push food out of her mouth. B: Quinn can sit up with back support. C: Quinn is at least 2 months old. rect D: Quinn can control her mouth, head, and neck.

6 months

Registered dietitian nutritionists and pediatricians generally recommend that babies be breastfed exclusively for the first ____ of life. - 12 months - 6 months - 6 weeks - 4 months

not recommended

____ child-feeding practice: offer dessert to picky eater for eating foods they usually avoid

almost all foods contain them

how common are food spoilage microorganisms? - only imported foods contain them - almost all foods contain them - about 40% - extremely rare

gain 25-35 lbs

A woman's prepregnancy body weight classification is used to recommend how much weight she should gain during pregnancy. Consider each woman's prepregnancy body weight status and determine the appropriate amount of weight that she should gain by the end of her pregnancy. Assume she's pregnant with only one fetus. When roberta becomes pregnant, her weight is in the healthy range - gain 28-40 lbs - gain 15-25 lbs - gain 25-35 lbs - gain 11-20 lbs

gain 11-20 lbs

A woman's prepregnancy body weight classification is used to recommend how much weight she should gain during pregnancy. Consider each woman's prepregnancy body weight status and determine the appropriate amount of weight that she should gain by the end of her pregnancy. Assume she's pregnant with only one fetus. When tabitha becomes pregnant, she's 60 lbs overweight - gain 28-40 lbs - gain 15-25 lbs - gain 25-35 lbs - gain 11-20 lbs

iron

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ____ is a nutrient of public health concern for pregnant women. - vitamin B-6 - vitamin A - protein - iron

viruses

Another potential source of food-borne illnesses are _______, which are microscopic agents that can cause disease.

a b c

Dana is intending to breastfeed her baby after he is born. She's read that the nutrient content of cow's milk differs from that of human milk. Consider the following statements about cow's milk and human milk. Check all that are true. A: Cow's milk is too high in minerals, too high in protein, and too low in carbohydrate for an infant. B: Cow's milk can contribute to intestinal bleeding and iron deficiency. C: One of the proteins in cow's milk is difficult for an infant to digest. D: Cow's milk contains immunity-enhancing antibodies that benefit human infants.

eclampsia

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that's characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed - eclampsia - endometriosis - echolacia - endocarditis

D

During pregnancy, Felicia has been extra careful to avoid foods that could potentially cause food-borne illness. Even though she loves the Greek salad at her favorite restaurant, the waiter could not confirm whether or not the feta cheese on the salad was pasteurized. Why should pregnant women avoid unpasteurized cheese? A: Unpasteurized cheese can contain Cryptosporidium that can infect Felicia and cause birth defects. B: Unpasteurized cheese can contain Salmonella bacteria that can infect Felicia and cause the death of her fetus. C: Unpasteurized cheese can contain Trichinella that can infect Felicia and can cause a parasitic infection in her developing fetus. D: Unpasteurized cheese can contain Listeria monocytogenes that can infect Felicia and harm her

freezing halts microbes ability to multiply

Freezing food is one way of preserving food. Which of the following statements is true - freezing only kills bacteria - freezing halts microbes ability to multiply - freezing kills bacteria and inactivates viruses - freezing inactivates viruses

25 to 35

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy. - 35 to 45 - 25 to 35 - 10 to 20 - 15 to 25

a b c d

Hamburgers and other ground meats are high-risk foods. Which of the following factors makes these foods particularly susceptible to food-borne illness? (Check all that apply. A: Grinding mixes pathogens that are on the surface of the meat or poultry throughout the product. B: Meat grinders are sources of pathogens that can be spread to the food if the grinder is not properly cleaned. C: Under-cooking ground meat or poultry items fails to kill potentially harmful pathogens that may be residing in the middle of the food. D: Grinding increases the surface area of the food, exposing more of the protein-rich tissues to microbes in the environment.

blackboard chalk

Holly is in her second trimester of pregnancy. Lately, she's had cravings for raw bean sprouts, lemon-flavored candy, blackboard chalk, and spicy baked chicken wings. Which of these items is an example of pica? - spicy baked chicken wings - raw bean sprouts - blackboard chalk - lemon-flavored candy

overfeeding

Infants should not be fed semi-solid foods in a bottle, because this practice can lead to ________

iron fortified breakfast cereal or small amounts of lean meat

Iron is important for an infant's growth and development. Which of the following choices are good sources of dietary iron for a 12-month-old child? - whole cow's milk and yogurt - dark green, leafy veggies ie kale and spinach - eggs and nuts - iron fortified breakfast cereal or small amounts of lean meat

a b d e

Now that Quinn has started eating solid foods, her parents want to ensure she avoids any choking hazards. Which of the following foods shouldn't be fed to an infant because they may cause choking? Check all that apply. A: hot dogs cut into coin shaped pieces B: chunks of PB C: applesauce D: grapes E: popcorn F: cooked green beans

A

One of Loraine's friends, Marie, started purchasing raw, unpasteurized milk for her children. Marie insists that pasteurization reduces the nutritional quality of milk and raw milk contains phytochemicals that are destroyed during pasteurization. What should Loraine tell her friend about pasteurization? A: The pasteurization process heats foods to kill pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the total number of bacteria. B: The pasteurization process denatures protein and kills harmful prions. C: The pasteurization process evenly distributes fat particles throughout the milk so the cream doesn't rise to the top of the milk. D: The pasteurization process releases bound calcium and increases absorbable dietary calcium in cow's milk.

peanuts, powdered milk and sugar

Plumpy'nut contains micronutrients and... - coconut, lean ground meat, oil, and honey. - peanuts, powdered milk, oil, and sugar. - walnuts, milk solids, olive oil, and grape jelly. - almonds, cashews, raisins, and melted chocolate chips.

folic acid

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains - oxytocin - fish oil - protein - folic acid

bluish

This later breast milk tends to be _____ in color.

mature milk

Towards the end of the first week of breastfeeding, the initial milk has transitioned to ______

c

Which of the following are true? A: Formula feeding is less expensive than breastfeeding. B: Women who breastfeed have higher risks of breast cancer before they reach menopause than women who feed their babies formula. C: Colostrum provides a baby with antibodies from its mother that aren't supplied by commercial formulas. D: Women who feed their babies formula tend to lose the extra body fat gained during pregnancy faster than women who breastfeed.

raw chicken

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella? - honey - canned applesauce - raw chicken - oatmeal

not recommended

____ child-feeding practice: encourage kids to eat their veggies so they can get dessert

not recommended

_____ child-feeding practice: encourage kids to eat everything on their plate

increase

hardening of arteries ___ during the aging process

C

what is the safest way to store fresh eggs? A: Take the eggs out of the carton and put them in the refrigerator's egg compartment. B: Wash the eggs with warm soapy water before storing them in the refrigerator. C: Keep the eggs in their original carton and store them in the refrigerator. D: Place the eggs in a covered egg box and store them in a cool, dark cabinet.

linoleic acid

Human milk is also rich in ______, arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which help with brain and eye development.

drinking polluted water

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from - drinking polluted water - being born with diverticulosis - developing type 1 diabetes - consuming too much fat and sugar

A B C

Marilyn has a frozen pork roast that she'd like to serve for dinner tomorrow. Which of the following practices is a safe method to thaw the frozen meat? (Check all that apply.) A: Thaw frozen meat in fridge B: thaw frozen meat under cold, running water C: thaw frozen meat in the microwave D: thaw frozen meat on counter

A B D

The co-workers in Loraine's office enjoy bringing home-prepared foods to have "potluck" lunches on Fridays. Loraine is concerned about the risk of food-borne illnesses, so she brought a food thermometer to work to test the dishes that were prepared for a recent lunch. Which of the following foods had an internal temperature that was in the danger zone? (Check all that apply.) A: a chilled macaroni salad made with mayo at 55F B: a warm scalloped potato casserole at 132F C: a fruit salad with melons at 39F D: a rotisserie chicken at 142F

E. coli

Three days after eating an undercooked hamburger patty at a picnic, Grace experienced intestinal cramps and bloody diarrhea. When Grace became too weak to walk, her roommate took her to the emergency room of a hospital. Grace required treatment for kidney failure. Based on this information, which of the following food-borne pathogens was most likely responsible for Grace's serious illness? - bacillus cereus - staphylococcus aureus - trichinella - e coli

bacteria and viruses

Unpasteurized or raw milk should not be fed to children as it may be contaminated with _______

choking

When choosing foods for infants older than 6 months, candy, whole nuts, coarsely cut meats, raw carrots, popcorn, and peanut butter should be avoided, because they can cause _____

food intoxication

When some microbes contaminate food, they produce chemicals that irritate the intestinal tract and cause _______

environmental protection agency

Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates the proper use of pesticides? - agricultural research service - food and drug administration - environmental protection agency - department of agriculture

local health department

Which of the following agencies is responsible for inspecting restaurants for food-related safety problems? - local health department - state public health department - environmental protection agency - food and drug administration

recommended

____ child-feeding practice: give preschool-age and older kids the opportunity to choose their foods from among nutrient-dense choices

recommended

_____ child-feeding practice: offer PB on whole grain bagels and milk, fresh fruit or yogurt for snacks

trichinella

_____ is a type of parasitic worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked pork, bear, or seal meat. - trichinella - anisakis - cryptosporidium - giardia

recommended

______ child-feeding practice: offer a variety of fruits, veggies, and other nutrient-dense foods for meals and snacks

a

at an outdoor picnic, you should avoid all the following foods, except A: a chilled macaroni salad that has an internal temperature of 35°F. B: custard-filled doughnuts with an internal temperature of 100°F. C: a casserole that has an internal temperature of 130°F. D: fish sticks that have an internal temperature of 95°F.

poultry hamburger medium-rare steak

place in order of highest safe minimum internal temp to the lowest safe minimum interval temp.... poultry, medium rare steak, hamburger

decreases

thyroid hormone production ____ during the aging process

special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and children (WIC)

which of these federally-subsidized food programs would be appropriate for this scenario: A low-income pregnant women who needs additional financial assistance to purchase healthy foods for a healthy pregnancy - supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) - special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and children (WIC) - national school lunch and breakfast program (NSLP) - home-delivered meals (meals on wheels)

home-delivered meals (meals on wheels)

which of these federally-subsidized food programs would be appropriate for this scenario: a 63-year-old homebound man who is unable to go grocery shopping or purchase food on his own - supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) - special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and children (WIC) - national school lunch and breakfast program (NSLP) - home-delivered meals (meals on wheels)

national school lunch and breakfast programs (NSLP)

which of these federally-subsidized food programs would be appropriate for this scenario: a third grade boy whose parents income level qualifies him for school-based nutrition assistance - supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) - special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and children (WIC) - national school lunch and breakfast program (NSLP) - home-delivered meals (meals on wheels)

supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP)

which of these federally-subsidized food programs would be appropriate for this scenario: A low income, single father who needs additional financial assistance to purchase allowable food items at a grocery store - supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) - special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and children (WIC) - national school lunch and breakfast program (NSLP) - home-delivered meals (meals on wheels)