DMS 110 Final Exam

The primary component of the white pulp is

Malpighian corpuscles

What is the echogenicity of the epididymis?

Medium level echoes

Intraperitoneal structures are connected to the cavity wall by the

Mesentery

What happens to the right and left portal vein branches?

The right branches into anterior and posterior segments, and the left branches into medial and lateral segments.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the adult thyroid gland?

The thyroid parenchyma is composed of connective tissue and masses of chief cells.

Which statement most accurately describes the anatomic relationships of the ovary, the ureter, and the internal iliac vessels?

The ureter and internal iliac vessels both lie posterior to the ovary.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the parathyroid glands?

They generally have a multilobulated shape.

The space where fluid may occasionally be visible in a shallow space located between the urinary bladder and the anterior wall of the uterus is termed

anterior cul-de-sac or vesicouterine pouch

When the urinary bladder is empty, the uterine position is described as

anteverted

The main lobar fissure represents a

boundary between the right and left lobes

Right lower quadrant pain" is an example of

clinical history.

The removal of abnormal red blood cells is called

culling

The largest branch of the thyrocervical trunk is the

inferior thyroid artery

Chronic pancreatitis" is an example of

interpretive report

A signed informed consent form is required from patients for

invasive procedures.

The lesser sac

is a diverticulum of the greater sac located posterior to the stomach.

In a transverse scanning plane image, the left renal vein can be seen as a(n)

longitudinal, curvilinear structure anterior to the aorta.

The ___________ phase is the best time to observe blood flow within the ovary.

luteal

The echogenicity of the spleen can be described as

medium-level echoes

The echogenicity of the liver can be described as

medium-level echoes.

The crura of the diaphragm are

muscular bands that arise from the lumbar vertebrae and insert into the diaphragm

The trace function

outlines circumference measurements

The temperature of the testes is regulated by the

pampiniform plexus.

The largest portion of the glandular prostate is the

peripheral zone

At the midepigastrium, in the transverse view, the order of structures, from midline to right, is

portal vein, head of the pancreas, duodenum, liver, and gallbladder.

Lu The Worklist electronic program allows sonographers to

query for patient demographic information from the ultrasound system.

The TGC control can strengthen echoes that are

returning from deep tissues.

Sagittal planes divide the body into unequal

right and left sections.

The median raphe divides the

scrotum into two testicles.

The portions of the large intestine contained within the true pelvis are the

sigmoid colon and rectum.

Venous flow in the lower extremities is accomplished primarily by means of

skeletal muscle contractions

Which anatomic area is NOT seen on a transverse scanning plane image?

superior

"Splenomegaly" is an example of

technical observation

Tributaries of the portal vein include which vessels?

All of the these

Tributaries of the portal vein include which vessels?

All of these

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the parathyroid glands and parathyroid adenomas?

Approximately 35% of parathyroid glands are ectopic.

"Right lower quadrant pain" is an example of

Clinical history

Long axis measurements are taken in either the sagittal or coronal scanning plane.

False

Obstruction of a salivary gland may cause a decrease in amylase and lipase.

False

Only alkaline fluid is produced by the seminal vesicles.

False

Portal venography can detect the direction and magnitude of flow within a portal vein.

False

Teleradiology involves radiologic consultations done within the imaging center where an examination was performed.

False

The apex of the medullary pyramid sits within a major calyx.

False

The bifurcation of the left portal vein is best seen in a sagittal scanning plane.

False

The bifurcation of the right portal vein is best seen in a sagittal scanning plane.

False

The cystic artery passes posterior to the common hepatic duct and anterior to the common duct

False

The exocrine function of the pancreas is carried out by the beta cells.

False

The free inferior margin of the left lobe lies adjacent to the hepatic flexure.

False

The longest axis of the spleen is along the eighth rib.

False

The most inferior portion of the common bile duct is called the infraduodenal portion.

False

The musculoskeletal system controls most functions throughout the body through voluntary and involuntary muscle signaling.

False

The office responsible for implementation of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, policies, quality, clinical, medical sciences issues, surveys and certification of programs is the Commissions of Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA).

False

The portal triad is made up of hepatic arteries, bile ducts, and superior mesenteric veins.

False

The prostate atrophies due to benign changes and infection.

False

The right hepatic duct is routinely seen on ultrasound.

False

The role of ultrasound in pelvis imaging is to determine the whether a mass is benign or malignant

False

The spleen is a retroperitoneal organ.

False

The transabdominal approach is superior for scanning the seminal vesicles and prostate compared to the transrectal approach.

False

The transition zone lines the proximal prostatic urethra.

False

The walls of the hepatic veins are brightly echogenic.

False

There are three components to each renal lobe.

False

There is a specific patient position that is best for visualization of each organ.

False

There is a mass in the anterior portion of the left lobe of the liver, but the borders are not well resolved. Which control should the sonographer adjust?

Frequency

Which group of structures is intraperitoneal in location?

Gallbladder, stomach, and ovaries

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the ovary?

Germinal epithelium

Which of the following laboratory values measure how well the kidneys remove waste and excess fluid from the blood?

Glomerular filtration rate

The adult male and female urethras measure, respectively,

20 cm and 4 cm.

The diameter of the cystic duct is

3 mm

The length, depth, and diameter of a normal neonatal kidney are

3.5 to 5 cm, 1.5 to 2.5 cm, and 2 to 3 cm, respectively.

The diameter of the cystic duct is

3mm

Semen is composed of

60% alkaline fructose, 13% to 33% alkaline fluid, and sperm.

The portal system supplies _____ of the total blood flow to the liver.

75%

In an adult, the spleen is composed primarily of red blood cells.

False

What is the echogenicity of the renal capsule?

high level echoes

What is the echogenicity of the renal sinus?

high level echoes

Excess fluid between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis is termed

hydrocele

The sonographic appearance of the normal parathyroid glands generally is

hypoechoic compared with the thyroid gland.

The length of the right and left hepatic ducts is

0.5 to 2.5 cm.

The normal main portal vein measures up to

13 mm in diameter and 5 to 6 cm long.

The length of the common hepatic duct is

2 to 6.5 mm

Which of the following ligaments are not true ligaments and only provide minimal support?

Broad ligaments

LD levels in the blood are examined to determine abnormalities in the function of the pancreas.

False

Which areas are posterior to the periurethral zone?

Central zone, peripheral zone, and seminal vesicles

__________________ is a soft, waxy substance found in all body parts and is needed for proper bodily function.

Cholesterol

Proximal to the ________________, the left portal vein takes a C-shaped, superior course in the liver.

Falciform ligament

Proximal to the ________________, the left portal vein takes a C-shaped, superior course in the liver.

Falform ligament

.Vermiform is a wormlike motion that moves contents along the large bowel.

False

A hystersalpingography is an endoscopic procedure that allows visualization of the interior of the uterine walls.

False

A water-filled stomach makes the pancreas more difficult to visualize.

False

Alkaline, viscous fructose is produced by the prostate gland.

False

At birth, the adrenal glands are as large as the kidneys but then rapidly shrink.

False

Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

False

Following the main portal vein, the gallbladder is seen just superior to the right portal vein.

False

What is the echogenicity of the cavernosal arterial walls?

High echogenicity

What is the echogenicity of the mediastinum testis?

High echogenicity

What is the echogenicity of the septum penis?

High echogenicity

Which of the following statements about an IUD is incorrect?

IUDs are implanted under the skin of the upper arm.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the thyroid gland?

In cross section, it is outlined anteriorly by the longus colli muscle and the internal jugular vein.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the thyroid gland?

In cross section, it is outlined posterolaterally by the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal jugular vein (IJV), and anteriorly by the longus colli muscle.

I The quadratus lumborum muscle is a bilateral muscle tissue that is ________ to the psoas major muscle.

Lateral

Which of the following is an accessory organ to the digestive system?

Liver

Which of the following neck muscles located posterior to the thyroid gland?

Longus colli muscle (LCM

What is the echogenicity of the spermatic cord?

Low-level echoes

The epididymal head is connected to which portion of the testis?

Superior

Where should the transducer be placed to visualize the common iliac veins?

Near the umbilicus

Which of the following produces the hormones estrogen and progesterone in females?

Ovarian follicles

Which of the following is the correct order of the arterial blood supply to the kidney?

Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery

Which of the following ligaments maintain the forward bend of the uterus?

Round ligaments

Industry Standards for the Prevention of WRMSD injuries in sonography were first introduced by the

SDMS

Which artery is a branch of the splenic artery?

Short gastric artery

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the size and shape of the thyroid gland?

Shorter, obese patients tend to have oval lateral lobes measuring less than 3.5 cm.

The part of the prostate that provides an exit for the urethra is

The apex

Which statement describes the structures closely related to the head of the pancreas?

The common bile duct is posterolateral, and the gastroduodenal artery is anterolateral.

Which statement best describes the anteroposterior dimensions of the pancreas?

The head is 2 to 3 cm; the neck is 1.5 to 2.5 cm; the body is 2 to 3 cm; and the tail is 1 to 2 cm.

A body system's function may serve as an accessory function to another body system.

True

A routine diet of high fat meals can cause elevated ALP.

True

Behavioral modification techniques are useful in the prevention of presbyopia.

True

Blood samples to evaluate lactate dehydrogenase may be drawn from either a vein or from body fluid such as a spinal tap.

True

Delayed puberty in males may be attributed to elevated estrogen

True

Echoes thought to be associated with blood flow sometimes can be seen in the IVC.

True

If the bone marrow in the musculoskeletal system cannot replace dying red blood cells, the urinary system steps in and produces new red blood cells

True

In a relaxed state, the normal heart rate is 70 to 90 beats a minute.

True

In a transverse scanning plane, the main portal vein initially appears in an axial section as an oval, anechoic structure.

True

Ketones are most commonly is associated with fat metabolism.

True

PACS is a computer technology system that unites the HIS and RIS and stores digital images

True

Pancreatic juice is comprised of nucleic acids and also enzymes that help digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

True

Patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism develop hypercalcemia.

True

Testicular cancer can cause elevated hCG levels.

True

The IVC is posterior to the intestines

True

The advantages of the Radiology Information System include appointment scheduling and the use of work lists.

True

The endocrine system secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate reproduction, growth and development, metabolism, blood sugar levels, stress response, and ovulation

True

The group or party that has the greatest responsibility to provide working conditions that reduce and eliminate a sonographer's chance of work-related injury is the employer

True

The hilar area of the spleen is not covered by peritoneum.

True

The left common iliac vein is easily seen on ultrasound

True

The presence of an extrathyroidal artery leading to an abnormal parathyroid gland aids the detection of an otherwise inconspicuous parathyroid adenoma

True

The spleen is posterolateral to the pancreatic tail and part of the large intestine.

True

When imaging or describing the glandular prostate, the best technique to describe the prostate is to use

Zones

Blood is moved forward through the veins by

a decrease in thoracic pressure, which pulls the blood to the right atrium.

The body pattern control

displays body pattern to indicate patient positioning

The epididymis empties into the

ductus deferens.

Spermatozoa exit the testis through the

efferent ducts.

The greater sac

extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis and covers the width of the abdomen

The liver metabolizes

fats, carbohydrates, proteins

The percentage of red blood cells per volume of blood is termed

hematocrit

The prostate is supported by

the obturator internus and levator ani muscles.

The frequency control ensures that

tissue resolution is adequate

The penis is composed of

two corpora cavernosa dorsolaterally and one corpus spongiosum midventrally

The congenital malformation recognized sonographically by a midline myometrial septum within the endometrial canal is known as

uterus subseptus.

The component of the spleen that is responsible for immune functions is

white pulp