Domain I: Injury Prevention and Illness Prevention and Wellness Prevention

Which response demonstrates an athletic trainer responding with cultural awareness and sensitivity to an athlete who asks that reflexology be incorporated into his sports injury treatment plan? - "The current sports medicine literature doesn't support the effectiveness of reflexology in treating musculoskeletal injuries such as yours" - "I don't know much about reflexology, but tell me why you feel it may be helpful" - "As a health-care professional I practice evidence-based medicine and avoid grasping at treatment techniques just because they are new or exciting sounding" - "Since you are from another country you may not understand all aspects of the treatment we are providing you, so feel free to ask questions"

"I don't know much about reflexology, but tell me why you feel it may be helpful"

You have selected shortwave diathermy to increase tissue temperature in a patient's hamstring. Before treatment, you communicate to the patient expected sensations. Which of the following statements made by the patient during the treatment might indicate that the tissue is being overheated? - "I feel a really deep ache in my hamstring" - "I feel like the muscle is contracting" - "It feels really, really hot, but not burning" - "I feel like I am starting to sweat"

"I feel a really deep ache in my hamstring"

Assessing urine specific gravity may aid in identifying dehydration, which can increase risk for exertional heat illness. Which urine specific gravity value is above the reference range for urine specific gravity and may indicate dehydration? - 1.040 - 1.010 - 1.005 - 1.000

1.040

A seventh-grade runner participating on a cross country team is running approximately 10 miles per week at the beginning of team practices. How many miles a week can the coach safely have the athlete run in the second week of practice? - 11 miles - 12 miles - 15 miles - 20 miles

11 miles

Which of the following serial blood pressure measurements would indicate the need for referral and probably medication management? - 136/76 mm Hg - 128/78 mm Hg - 110/68 mm Hg - 102/60 mm Hg

136/76 mm Hg

While providing nutritional counseling to athletes, you recommend that in addition to consuming protein in a daily balanced diet, they consume protein during and immediately after an exercise session. What is the maximum total daily protein intake that is recommended, based on research suggesting more is unlikely to result in further muscle gains? - 1.0 g/kg/day - 2.0 g/kg/day - 3.0 g/kg/day - 4.0 g/kg/day

2.0 g/kg/day

A female cross country runner has been recently diagnosed with mononucleosis. How long must the athlete be withheld from activity before being reevaluated to determine if it is safe to begin a return to activity progression? - 7 days - 14 days - 21 days - 28 days

21 days

Which of the following wraps should you select to most effectively apply a shoulder spica to a female collegiate volleyball player? - 6-in. x 10-yd elastic bandage - 6-in. x 6-yd elastic bandage - 4-in. adhesive elastic tape - 6-in. adhesive elastic tape - 4-in. x 10-yd elastic bandage

4-in. x 10-yd elastic bandage

While exercising, a person with type 1 diabetes mellitus begins to experience symptoms of hypoglycemia. Using a glucometer, he assesses his blood glucose level. What reading indicates hypoglycemia? - 125 mg/dL - 100 mg/dL - 75 mg/dL - 55 mg/dL

55 mg/dL

At what intensity should older adults participate in a cardiovascular training program aimed at increasing Vo2max? - 70%-90% maximum heart rate - 60%-80% maximum heat rate - 35%-55% maximum heart rate - 20%-40% maximum heart rate

60%-80% maximum heat rate

When fitting a patient with a commercial shoulder arm sling, in approximately what degree angle should the elbow be positioned? - 20 degrees - 45 degrees - 70 degrees - 140 degrees

70 degrees

What is the recommended intensity for cardiovascular training during a continuous workout? - 30%-45% of maximum heart rate - 45%-60% of maximum heart rate - 70%-85% of maximum heart rate - 90%-100% of maximum heart rate

70%-85% of maximum heart rate

To determine an athlete's readiness to return to participation following a 3-week rehabilitation program for a lateral ankle sprain, you use the Star Excursion Balance Test and a single-legged hop for distance test. To minimize this athlete's risk of injury on return to sport-specific tasks, what percentage of the uninjured limb's performance should be demonstrated by the injured limb? - 50% - 60% - 80% - 100%

80%

According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) guidelines, which of the following collegiate athletes must complete a comprehensive preparticipation medical evaluation? - A baseball player transferring from a similar-division NCAA institution who reports no injuries or health concerns on his medical history form - A junior basketball player who has not completed a comprehensive examination since his freshman year - A junior football player who has not completed a cardiovascular screening as part of the preparticipation examination since his freshman year - A senior sprinter who had only history and blood pressure measurements taken as part of the cardiovascular screening each season since the initial preparticipation physical examination - A senior field hockey player who tore her anterior cruciate ligament in her sophomore season and participated during her junior year

A baseball player transferring from a similar-division NCAA institution who reports no injuries or health concerns on his medical history form

Rules have been instituted in some sports to minimize the risk of injury to participants. In 1976 the practice of spearing was deemed illegal. What action constitutes spearing? - During a tackle, two football players collide and, just before they hit the ground, their face masks make contact - A defensive back tackles a receiver, making initial contact with his helmet - A defensive lineman sacks the quarterback and, as they hit the ground, the top of the lineman's helmet contacts the face mask of the quarterback - A running back jumps over two downed players on the goal line and lands on the top of his head in the end zone - A running back running down the sideline gets wrapped up by a linebacker, and as he turns away to escape the tackle the top of his helmet hits the face mask of the defensive back

A defensive back tackles a receiver, making initial contact with his helmet

Which of the following would be an appropriate result of an ergonomic risk assessment? - A policy is instituted that all workers on the loading dock will be provided with a lumbar stabilization belt and instructions on when and how to use it - Customer service specialists are required to sit during their shift to minimize stress on their lower bodies - Cameras are installed to monitor workflow patterns and identify potential problems - Absentee rates are calculated for different departments

A policy is instituted that all workers on the loading dock will be provided with a lumbar stabilization belt and instructions on when and how to use it

Which of the following athletes would be at risk for a potential psychological concern? - A freshman who sustains a meniscal tear and will miss 3 to 4 weeks of competition - A sophomore who is choosing not to join his friends in weekend alcohol use - A senior who is draft eligible and sustains a femur fracture with 2 weeks left in the season - A junior who sustained a second concussion that resolved quickly and who has returned to full school and sport activities

A senior who is draft eligible and sustains a femur fracture with 2 weeks left in the season

Which of the following athletes would be most benefit from using custom foot orthotics during sports participation? - A field hockey player with weak anterior tibialis muscle - A softball player with pes planus and posterior medial tibial stress syndrome - A runner with asymptomatic Sever's disease - A soccer player with weak evertors - A gymnast with pes cavus and a plantar-flexed first ray

A softball player with pes planus and posterior medial tibial stress syndrome

Athletes, regardless of skin type, should be educated on the signs and symptoms of the various types of skin cancer and encouraged to conduct regular skin inspections and to immediately report any suspicious lesions. The ABCDE mnemonic can be used as a guide to recognize suspicious pigmented lesions. For this mnemonic, which letter descriptor is correct? - A stands for asymmetry: a malignant lesion does not have equal top and bottom or left and right sections - B stands for blackness: a malignant lesion has a uniform black color - C stands for circumference: a malignant lesion has a circumference greater than 6 mm - D stands for distinct: a malignant lesion has a distinct border - E stands for elliptical: a malignant lesion has an elliptical shape

A stands for asymmetry: a malignant lesion does not have equal top and bottom or left and right sections

As part of your preseason preparticipation physical examinations for your college, you review each athlete's immunization record. The NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook recommends athletes have an immunization history as defined by current U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. In order to comply with this National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recommendation, it is recommended student athletes be immunized and up-to-date on which of the following? Select all that apply. A: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) B: Hepatitis B (HB) C: Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) D: Meningitis E: Influenza F: H1N1 virus G: Human papillomavirus (HPV) H: Herpes zoster I: Fifth disease

A, B, C, D, E

Your softball team is preparing to practice when you notice the sky darkening. What lightning safety strategies should be recommended in this situation? Select all that apply. A: Avoid open areas, such as dugouts, refreshment stands, and gazebos B: Stay away from trees, flagpoles, and light poles C: Avoid taking a shower or using sinks D: Avoid close proximity to appliances and electronics E: Unplug computers and televisions F: Avoid using cellular phones G: If you hear crackling noises, lie flat on the ground H: Avoid places termed "shelters," such as picnic, park, and rain nonmetal shelters and storage sheds

A, B, C, D, H

Health-care professionals should screen for signs and symptoms of undiagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), as this condition can put an athlete at risk for a catastrophic event, such as permanent brain injury, coma, or death. What are the signs and symptoms of undiagnosed type 1 DM? Select all that apply. A: Incoordination B: Fatigue C: Polyuria D: Areflexia E: Polydipsia F: Agonal breathing G: Blurry vision H: Slow healing cuts or bruises

A, B, C, E, G, H

Before participation, athletes should receive a preparticipation physical examination, including a comprehensive medical and family history with focus on cardiovascular screening completed by the athlete. Which of the following medical and family history questions are based on the American Heart Association Recommendations for Preparticipation Cardiovascular Screening of Competitive Athletics? Select all that apply. A: Do you have any relatives who died before the age of 50 due to heart disease? B: Have you ever been told you have elevated blood pressure? C: Have you ever been told you should take steps to lose body weight? D: Have you ever experienced chest pain when exercising? E: Do you have any family members with a heart condition such as Marfan syndrome, long QT syndrome, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? F: Have you ever experienced difficulty breathing or excessive fatigue when exercising? G: Do you have any relatives who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?

A, B, D, E, F

One of the consequences associated with amenorrhea is decreased bone density. Which interventions may help a competitive athlete with amenorrhea limit bone mass loss? Select all that apply. A: Decreasing training volume and intensity B: Increasing total caloric intake if current caloric intake is deemed inadequate C: Supplementing diet with 1,500 mg of glucosamine each day D: Increasing calcium intake to ensure an intake of 1,500 mg each day E: Beginning or maintaining hormone replacement therapy F: Participating in a moderate-intensity resistance training program G: Applying electrical stimulation to affected bones at least three times per week

A, B, D, E, F

You are conducting a preparticipation medical evaluation for all student athletes entering your institution's intercollegiate football program. To comply with recommendations in the NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook, what should be included in this evaluation? Select all that apply. A: Confirmation of sickle cell solubility status B: Musculoskeletal evaluation C: Body fat composition assessment D: Standardized, comprehensive health history E: Cardiovascular evaluation F: Immunization history as defined by current U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines G: Relevant physical examination H: Vision screening I: Neurologic evaluation

A, B, D, E, F, G, I

While conducting your college's preparticipation physical examinations, one of your football players confirms he has sickle cell trait by showing results of a diagnostic test. What actions should be taken to minimize this athlete's risk of experiencing an exertional sickling episode? Select all that apply. A: Allow athlete longer rest periods between conditioning repetitions B: Exclude athlete from participation in performance tests C: Adjust work-rest cycles in heat so that all-out exertion is limited to no more than 8 minutes D: Encourage athlete to maintain optimum hydration levels E: Do not allow athlete to practice if he is feeling ill F: Require athlete to use supplemental oxygen between each conditioning repetition G: If athlete has asthma, ensure asthma is controlled

A, B, D, E, G

During the second session of preseason football practice the coach instructs the players to take a break to replace lost fluids and dissipate accumulated body heat. The players gather on the sunny sidewalk next to the school to drink fluids. How can the athletic trainer change this fluid break to increase the athletes' ability to dissipate accumulated body heat? Select all that apply. A: Move the athletes to an area with more air movement B: Move athletes away from cement walkways and brick walls C: Instruct athletes to rest by sitting on the sidewalk D: Instruct athletes to remove any helmets they are wearing E: Instruct athletes to remove shoes and socks F: Move athletes to shaded area

A, B, D, F

Which of the following exercising persons is at risk for developing exercise-associated hyponatremia? Select all that apply. A: Female field hockey player with a history of heat illness who focuses on consuming large volumes of water throughout preseason practice sessions to prevent heat illness B: Football player who acclimatizes to the heat over the course of 14 days of training in the heat C: Soccer player who consumes more water than lost, resulting in weight gain when comparing prepractice with postpractice weight measurements during preseason practices D: Cross country runner with a family history of hypertension who refrains from consuming salt-containing foods, such as soups, processed meats and cheese, potato chips, trail mix, and pretzels E: Female first-time marathoner who aims to avoid dehydration by drinking as much water as possible throughout the race F: Female tennis player with asthma who drinks adequately but less water than her teammates due to her sensitive gastrointestinal tract

A, C, D, E

Exercise-associated hyponatremia is characterized by low blood sodium concentrations and is a potential medical emergency. What recommendations should be provided to exercising individuals to minimize their risk of developing exercise-associated hyponatremia? Select all that apply. A: Exercising individuals should consume a daily diet with a sufficient amount of sodium to replace sodium lost in sweat and urine excretion B: Supplemental sodium consumption during exercise should be discouraged C: Monitor body weight before and after exercise sessions and decrease fluid intake if an increase in body weight is noted D: Each exercising individual should establish an individual hydration plan based on sweat rate, environment, acclimatization state, body size, exercise duration, exercise intensity, and fluid preference and tolerance E: Caffeine consumption before exercise, even at mild or moderate amounts, should be avoided F: An individualized hydration plan should be strictly adhered to during each exercise session G: Preactivity hyperhydration should be encouraged to promote positive euhydration

A, C, D, F

For which of the following sports do the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the National Federation of High School Sports (NFHS) require athletes to use protective knee padding during all practices and competitions? Select all that apply. A: Baseball B: Soccer C: Softball D: Football E: Tennis F: Field hockey G: Ice hockey H: Basketball

A, C, D, F, G

The sports and wellness clinic where you are employed conducts health and musculoskeletal assessments for clients starting comprehensive conditioning programs. When conducting a range of motion assessment, you determine your client has a unilateral 15 degrees active elbow extension deficit when compared bilaterally. What factors may be the cause of this limited active range of motion? Select all that apply. A: Bony deposits B: Biceps muscle hypertrophy C: Scar tissue D: Biceps muscle weakness E: Inflexibility of the triceps muscle F: Inelasticity of joint capsule G: Triceps muscle weakness H: Neural tissue tightness

A, C, F, G, H

A soccer team will be playing on synthetic turf during an upcoming 2-day tournament. What injuries should you e most prepared to treat during this tournament? - Abrasions and turf toe - Concussions and arch sprains - Contusions and ankle sprains - Tibial fracture and concussions - Blisters and hamstring strains

Abrasions and turf toe

Which of the following conditions would disqualify a student athlete from participation in football? - Absence of one kidney - Mild hypertension - Inguinal hernia -Controlled epilepsy - Sickle cell trait

Absence of one kidney

To minimize musculoskeletal overuse conditions in the workplace, what is the proper position to assume when working at a computer? - Adjust chair seat height so that when seated all the way back in the chair the worker's feet are flat on the floor with the hips and knees each flexed to 90 degrees - Chair size should allow the worker to sit in the chair with hips all the way to the back, creating no space between the chair and the posterior knee - While seated the worker's relaxed arms should be abducted approximately 45 degrees to rest on the chair arm rests - The back of the chair should be no higher than the inferior angle of the scapula's

Adjust chair seat height so that when seated all the way back in the chair the worker's feet are flat on the floor with the hips and knees each flexed to 90 degrees

As an athletic trainer working for a large manufacturing company, you have been tasked with conducting an ergonomic risk assessment (ERA) for the workers who move the boxed product from the assembly line to the shelves in the storage room. From your ERA, you have identified risk factors to be controlled to minimize risk of workplace-related injury. You have recommended a maximum box size for moving by a single person. What type of control measure have you recommended? - Administrative changes - Physical changes - Personal protective equipment changes - Wellness changes

Administrative changes

Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a condition that comes from inheriting one gene for normal hemoglobin and one gene for sickle hemoglobin and can be present in persons of any ethnicity. In which population group is the incidence of SCT most common? - Eastern European - Middle Eastern - Hispanic - African American

African American

A peak flow meter is an asthma screening tool that can be used to help quickly assess asthma severity and determine the effectiveness of medications. What instructions should be provided to the patient using a peak flow meter? - Slide the indicator to the base of the meter, place the peak flow meter mouthpiece in your mouth, and after sealing your lips tightly around the mouthpiece inhale completely until the indicator rises within the meter - After placing the peak flow meter mouthpiece in your mouth, seal your lips tightly around the mouthpiece, then blow out as hard and as fast as you can one time - Stand or sit up straight, exhale completely, then with your lips tightly around the mouthpiece inhale as fast as you can one time - While standing, slide the indicator to the base of the meter and then wrap your lips tightly around the mouthpiece, take in a deep breath, and maximally exhale as slowly as possible

After placing the peak flow meter mouthpiece in your mouth, seal your lips tightly around the mouthpiece, then blow out as hard and as fast as you can one time

Your patient has been provided a neoprene sleeve brace for support for her patellofemoral joint condition. Which of the following is a manufacturer brace care recommendation for this type of brace? - Wash in hot water using a mild detergent - Dry using a hot air laundry dryer - Air dry - Wash in hot water using a 10:1 bleach solution

Air dry

When using a wet bulb globe temperature device, what factors are assessed to determine relative heat stress? - Air temperature, humidity, and radiant heat in the local environment - Air temperature and humidity - Air temperature, humidity, and wind speed - Air temperature, dew point, and radiant heat in the local environment - Humidity and radiant heat in the local environment

Air temperature, humidity, and radiant heat in the local environment

Which of the following commercially available ankle braces are designed to limit only inversion and eversion and are most often used to provide compression and moderate support to an ankle during the acute phase of an ankle injury? - Air/gel bladder braces - Wrap braces - Lace-up braces - Semirigid braces

Air/gel bladder braces

An athlete responds affirmatively to the following questions on the preparticipation medical history form: (1) I have trouble sleeping. (2) I lack energy many days of the week. (3) I rehash things many times. (4) I am often anxious or very nervous. (5) I lack confidence. (6) I have difficulty managing my emotions. What actions should you take based on these responses? - Encourage the student to begin meditation techniques to decrease stress - Enroll the student in a stress management class at the counseling center - Restrict the student athlete from practices until a full mental health evaluation is completed - Alert the team physician so follow-up questions can be asked to gain additional information

Alert the team physician so follow-up questions can be asked to gain additional information

In the final 5 minutes of a high school girls' lacrosse game the wind picks up, the skies darken slightly, and you hear thunder. Based on recommendations from the National Athletic Trainer's Association (NATA) position statement on lightning safety for athletics and recreation, what action should be taken? - All individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, should immediately go to a safe location - The coaching staffs and officials should be informed of the possibility of lightning and instructed to begin making plans for eventual evacuation if lightning is spotted - The designated "weather watcher" should, based on the sound of the thunder, estimate the arrival time of the storm's lightning and inform all individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, of this estimated arrival time - The school's director of athletics or highest-ranking administrator in attendance should inform the coaching staff's and officials if the game must be completed, regardless of weather, if needed in determining seeding for postseason competition

All individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, should immediately go to a safe location

To minimize disease transmission, equipment and surfaces in sport venues and health-care facilities should be frequently and routinely cleaned. What should be the primary consideration when selecting and using a disinfectant or detergent for routine cleaning and disinfecting? - All the manufacturer's recommendations for amount, dilution, and contact time are followed - The product is endorsed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - The product contains trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), clindamycin, or linezolid - The manufacturer's published cost/benefit ratio

All the manufacturer's recommendations for amount, dilution, and contact time are followed

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines for Sports Participation, which of the following athletes should be recommended for clearance to participate? - An athlete recently diagnosed with carditis wishing to participate in lacrosse - An athlete with atlantoaxial instability wishing to participate in cross country - A offensive lineman with one kidney - An athlete with an enlarged spleen wishing to participate in swimming - An athlete with an enlarged liver wishing to participate in basketball

An athlete with atlantoaxial instability wishing to participate in cross country

At the start of soccer practice as the players are stretching on the field, one player reports that her throat and chest skin suddenly feel very itchy. She also reports her eyes and mouth feeling itchy, her eyes watering, and her tongue feeling thick and swollen. As she is talking you note a change in her breathing indicating respiratory distress. What condition should be in your initial differential diagnosis? - Anaphylactic shock - Acute influenza - Acute bronchitis - Acute sinusitis

Anaphylactic shock

How often should therapeutic modality equipment be inspected and calibrated to ensure patient safety? - Every 6 months - Annually - Every other year - Every 5 years

Annually

According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogen Standard, which statement best describes the persons required to receive training through their employer in regard to occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens? - Any employee who has the potential for occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials - Only employees involved in direct patient care who might be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials - All federal and state employees - Only health-care providers dealing with high-risk patient populations - Persons completing a first-aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation course

Any employee who has the potential for occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials

Which of the following actions would be most helpful in minimizing injuries common to participation on artificial turf? - Encourage athletes to wear longer cleats - Apply extra padding and taping to athletes' exposed skin - Encourage athletes to wear heel cups inside their cleats - Tape longitudinal arches of each athlete - Encourage athletes to wear two pairs of socks with the outside pair inside out

Apply extra padding and taping to athletes' exposed skin

A negative ("no") response to which of the following questions on a preparticipation examination medical history form would warrant referral to a health-care professional for additional screening? - Do you limit or carefully control what you eat? - Has anyone recommended you change your weight or eating habits? - Are you happy with your weight? - Are you trying to gain or lose weight? - Are you taking any medications or supplements for weight loss or weight gain?

Are you happy with your weight?

An athlete wants to gain lean muscle mass in order to improve his overall performance levels and is considering creatine supplementation. What action should you take first? - Evaluate the creatine supplement to make sure it does not include any banned substances - Assess the athlete's current nutritional habits to see if those need to be adjusted - Educate the athlete on the advantages and disadvantages of supplements before approving its use - Conduct a thorough evidence-based review of the supplement to assess it efficacy

Assess the athlete's current nutritional habits to see if those need to be adjusted

A female lacrosse player is exhibiting signs of disordered eating. According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on preventing, detecting, and managing disordered eating in athletes, the certified athletic trainer plays an important role in managing an athlete who is being treated for an eating disorder. Which intervention is within the recommended role of the certified athletic trainer? - Determine limitations of physical workouts based on team practice schedules - Make the initial diagnosis and design a treatment plan - Be willing to work individually with athletes with disordered eating who do not want to seek treatment from physicians or psychotherapists - Assume the role of informed patient advocate

Assume the role of informed patient advocate

Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of cardiac problems in middle-aged and older physically active people? - Cystic fibrosis - Marfan's syndrome - Cardiac arrhythmia - Atherosclerotic coronary disease - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Atherosclerotic coronary disease

Sports medicine physicians and health-care professionals may recommend an athlete with certain medical conditions or injuries discontinue or not commence participation in certain sports or physical activity. What person can make the final decision regarding disqualification of an athlete? - Team physician - Athletic director - Athlete - Athletic trainer

Athlete

You receive a call from your team physician alerting you that the female equestrian athlete you had referred to him has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. You decide it is important to counsel the athlete on the impact of the injury on her disease. Which statement is an accurate representation of the effect that injury may have on glycemic control? - Athletes with type 1 diabetes appear to have an exaggerated glycemic response to trauma - Injury does not affect an athlete with type 1 diabetes any differently than an athlete without type 1 diabetes - Athletes with type 1 diabetes are at an increased risk for infection - Athletes with type 1 diabetes, even those with poorly controlled blood glucose, will demonstrate fracture healing at a similar rate to athletes without diabetes

Athletes with type 1 diabetes appear to have an exaggerated glycemic response to trauma

Athletic trainers should establish hygiene and sanitation policies for athletic training clinics. Which of the following are important athletic training clinic policies? Select all that apply. A: Only food and drinks in covered containers should be allowed in treatment and taping areas B: In nonemergency cases, athletes who have completed a workout should shower with antimicrobial soap before receiving care C: Sports equipment, including balls, bats, and sticks, should remain out of the facility D: Shoes should be kept off tables E: Treatment and taping tables as well as hydrotherapy modalities should be cleaned and disinfected daily F: Only nonflash photography should be used for taking photos and postings for social media

B, C, D, E

In preparing your college football team for the upcoming season, shoulder pads are issued for each athlete. Which findings indicate an appropriate shoulder pad fit? Select all that apply. A: When the athlete performs lateral cervical flexion, his ear meets the shoulder pad B: The cantilever pad covers the acromion process C: The lateral aspect of the epaulets and cups reach the insertion of the deltoid muscle, allowing position-specific movement D: When the athlete's arms are raised overhead, the posterior pad covers the inferior angles of the scapulae E: The superior portion of the laces is at least three finger widths below the sternoclavicular joint F: The athlete is able to raise his arms overhead without the pads sliding back and forth

B, C, D, F

Properly fitted mouth guards have been shown to be effective in protecting athletes against orofacial injuries. To properly select and maintain mouth guards, what instructions should be provided to coaches, athletes, and athletes' parents? Select all that apply. A: Coaches and parents should be instructed to select only mouth guards meeting national safety standards B: Athletes should be instructed to clean the mouth guard before and after each use by using a mild antimicrobial soap C: Coaches and parents of young athletes should be instructed to regularly inspect mouth guards for fit and retention D: Athletes should be instructed to inspect the mouth guard daily for fit and damage E: Athletes should be instructed to cut off any tears in the mouth guard material F: Athletes should be instructed to store mouth guards in clean, rigid, ventilated plastic containers G: Athletes should be instructed to allow mouth guards to sit in direct sunlight or over a heating source (electric heater, radiator, etc) after each use

B, C, D, F

In which of the following sports activities could an athlete with poorly controlled epilepsy safely participate? - Ballet - Swimming - Archery - Volleyball

Ballet

As a result of rained out games earlier in the week, your high school is scheduled to host a boy's lacrosse match, a softball game, and a boy's tennis match simultaneously this afternoon. As the sole athletic trainer at your high school, what should you communicate to the coaches of these three teams? - Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be splitting your time equally between all three events - Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be splitting time between the lacrosse match and the softball game - Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be at the lacrosse match during the entire match - Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be at the softball game for the entire game

Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be at the lacrosse match during the entire match

Which of the following is considered an intrinsic risk factor? - Being a female high school athlete - Practicing when the temperature is 85 degrees Fahrenheit and the humidity is 85% - Running on a cross country wooded trail - Using an inflatable bladder football helmet - Participating in a contact sport

Being a female high school athlete

Which of the following is the most effective and cost-efficient cleaning solution to safely decontaminate soiled surfaces such as treatment tables and floors? - Ammonia: water (1:20) - Bleach: water (1:10) - White vinegar: water (1:10) - Hydrogen peroxide: water (1:20)

Bleach: water (1:10)

When developing a strength training program for adolescent athletes, what type of exercise is most appropriate in the initial stages of training? - Body weight exercises - Isokinetic exercises - Plyometric exercises - Free-weight exercises

Body weight exercises

You are counseling an athlete with a history of multiple ankle sprains. The athlete's father is insistent that his son be taped every day before activity, but you think that the athlete would benefit from a commercial lace-up brace. What rationale would you provide for your recommendation? - Bracing has been shown to increase performance compared with taping - Taping takes too much time and uses too many supplies - Research has shown that taping provides significantly less protection against injury than bracing - Bracing will provide more consistent support over the course of the practice and over time is more cost and time efficient

Bracing will provide more consistent support over the course of the practice and over time is more cost and time efficient

Which of the following conditions would be exacerbated by a high pollen count? - Hypertension - Bronchitis - Diabetes - Tonsilitis

Bronchitis

Football helmets should be regularly reconditioned and recertified. What are the recommended guidelines for purchasing and reconditioning football helmets? Select all that apply. A: If warranty has expired, recertify/recondition football helmets every year using a certified National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) - approved vendor B: Purchase helmets only from a NOCSAE certified authorized dealer C: Recertify/recondition football helmets according to manufacturer's warranty D: Purchase only NOCSAE-approved helmets E: Purchase the safest helmet possible and helmets for the appropriate skill level F: Recertify/recondition football helmet in compliance with state regulations

C, D, E

According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on head-down tackling and spearing in football, what components should be included in the required educational session for students and parents before the start of the season? Select all that apply. A: Approved and nonapproved tackling drills B: Correct fitting of football equipment C: Mechanisms of injury D: Tackling rules and associated penalties E: Safe tackling positions F: Number, severity, and outcomes of these injuries

C, D, E, F

Distribution of oxygen and usable metabolic materials occurs through which vessels? - Arteries - Veins - Glands - Capillaries - Venules

Capillaries

Which of the following statements best characterizes prevention of catastrophic cervical spine injuries? - A football helmet is designed to reduce the risk of axial loading - Catastrophic cervical spine injury resulting from axial loading is neither caused nor prevented by players' standard equipment - Proper training in tackling and blocking techniques is not as effective as protective equipment in minimizing the risk of a catastrophic cervical spine injury - Players who initiate contact with their head down are less at risk for sustaining a catastrophic cervical spine injury if a cowboy collar is added to the shoulder pads - Players who are on the receiving end of head-down, helmet-to-helmet contact are not at risk for a catastrophic cervical spine injury

Catastrophic cervical spine injury resulting from axial loading is neither caused nor prevented by players' standard equipment

In addition to a rectally assessed core body temperature above 105 degrees Fahrenheit, what postcollapse symptom is the other criterion for diagnosing exertional heatstroke? - Involuntary muscle spasm - Tachycardia - Central nervous system dysfunction - Hyperventilation

Central nervous system dysfunction

A swimmer at a high school for which you are the athletic trainer has been diagnosed with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Which statement best characterizes this condition? - Currently the leading cause of sudden death in athletes - Characterized by a prolonged P-R interval and a shortened QRS complex - Results in atrial pre-excitation and bradycardia due to accessory pathway electrical activity - Results in delayed atrial excitation and tachycardia due to an electrical accessory pathway - Characterized by ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia due to electrical conduction over accessory pathways

Characterized by ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia due to electrical conduction over accessory pathways

You are attempting to use your ultrasound machine, but it seems that there is no power to the device. You check the outlet and note that the ground fault current interrupter (GFCI) has been tripped. This is the first time this has occurred. What action should you take? - Call in an electrician to evaluate the outlet - Connect an extension cord from the outlet to the ultrasound machine to distribute the voltage - Check to see that there are not multiple devices plugged into the outlet, press the reset switch, and continue with your treatment - Unplug all devices until the facility can be inspected by your fire safety office

Check to see that there are not multiple devices plugged into the outlet, press the reset switch, and continue with your treatment

Which condition is characterized by redness, tingling, swelling, and pain in the fingers or toes during exposure to cold, wet conditions over an extended period of time of 1 to 5 hours? - Chilblains - Frost nip - Superficial frostbite - Deep frostbite

Chilblains

An athletic trainer is exposed to a patient's blood before applying gloves. After providing medical assistance to the patient, what should be this athletic trainer's first step in minimizing her occupational exposure to a bloodborne pathogen? - Cleanse the exposed body area with soap and or other antigermicidal agents - Inform a supervisor about the exposure incident - Seek medical care within 2 hours as designated in the exposure control plan - Request medical information or testing from the treated patient - Complete an exposure report

Cleanse the exposed body area with soap and or other antigermicidal agents

Strength and conditioning programs often incorporate plyometric exercises to develop muscular power. What is the most important consideration when adding plyometric exercises to a fitness program? - Client's muscular strength - Client's speed of movement, quickness - Client's total body weight - Client's ability to properly execute each exercise

Client's ability to properly execute each exercise

What type of material is capable of absorbing force through deforming its shape and then quickly returning to its original form? - Open-cell foam - Moleskin - Closed-cell foam - Felt - Thermo-moldable plastic

Closed-cell foam

Which National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) committee is responsible for establishing policies and recommendations on safe sport participation? - Committee on the Medical Aspects of Sports - Committee on Sport Safety - Committee on Risk Management in Intercollegiate Athletics - Committee on Injury Surveillance and Prevention - Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports

Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports

Which of the following potential causes of sudden cardiac death is caused by an extrinsic risk factor? - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Long QT syndrome - Commotio cordis - Myocarditis

Commotio cordis

Which of the following recommendations would be made to an athlete to decrease the risk and intensity of soreness following exercise? - Warm up and perform static stretching for a minimum of 20 to 30 minutes before exercise - Stop every 20 to 30 minutes during the exercise session - Complete a short, dynamic warm-up before exercise and an active cool-down afterward - Consume 24 oz. of an electrolyte beverage before and after activity

Complete a short, dynamic warm-up before exercise and an active cool-down afterward

Your softball team is preparing to practice when you notice the sky darkening. You remember that the weather forecast mentioned possible thunderstorms for today. You consult the National Weather Service and discover that a severe thunderstorm watch has been declared for your area. What does this declaration mean? - Conditions are favorable for the development of severe weather - Severe weather has been detected in your area - Steps should be taken to remove athletes from the field - All persons should take necessary precautions to preserve their own safety

Conditions are favorable for the development of severe weather

Sports can be classified based on their comparative risk of injury. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), in which of the following categories would soccer be classified? - Contact/collision - Noncontact - Intermittent contact - Noncollision - Limited contact

Contact/collision

Universal precautions aid medical and allied health-care professionals in minimizing exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Which of the following demonstrates appropriate application of universal precautions in the athletic training setting? - Blood-covered scissors should be disposed of in a sharps container, not sterilized - Contaminated surfaces should be cleaned with a solution consisting of 1 part bleach to 10 parts water or with a disinfectant approved by the Environmental Protective Agency - Uniforms containing blood should be removed and changed before returning the athlete to competition - Blood-soaked towels and other linens should be washed in cold water to prevent the blood from setting into the material

Contaminated surfaces should be cleaned with a solution consisting of 1 part bleach to 10 parts water or with a disinfectant approved by the Environmental Protective Agency

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effectiveness of tape in supporting a joint? - Current research is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of taping - Support is most effective after 15 minutes of warm-up - Support is more effective in adolescent athletes compared with senior athletes - Taping is a key component in any injury prevention program - Effectiveness is attributed solely to its ability to limit range of motion

Current research is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of taping

During a preparticipation examination, the parent of a high school freshman asks if the risk of injury is higher if his daughter plays soccer or volleyball. On what should you base your answer? - Data in your school's annual sports medicine report specific to the number of soccer players and volleyball players treated by your athletic training staff during the previous two seasons - Data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study specific to athlete injury exposure rates for the sports of soccer and volleyball - Data from the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research specific to the number of catastrophic injuries in high school soccer and volleyball - Data from the National Safety Council specific to high school volleyball and soccer injury rates in your state

Data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study specific to athlete injury exposure rates for the sports of soccer and volleyball

A secondary school athlete is forced to sit out for days 5 and 6 of the preseason initial 14-day heat-acclimatization period due to injury. What day of the protocol will this athlete be on when he returns to practice? - Day 7 - Day 5 - Day 4 - Day 1

Day 5

What type of running shoe tread is recommended by shoe manufacturers? - Flat with herringbone pattern - Pivot dot pattern - Slip resistant - Deep groove

Deep groove

Foam is commonly used for constructing padding. One type of foam, open-cell foam, can be used as a liner for custom-made pads. What statement is correct regarding open-cell foam? - Deforms quickly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption - Deforms slowly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption - Deforms quickly when stressed, providing a high level of shock absorption - Deforms slowly when stressed, providing a high level of shock absorption

Deforms quickly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption

When performing the quick orthopedic screening as part of the preparticipation examination, the athlete is asked to abduct the shoulders to 90 degrees and hold that position against downward pressure by the examiner. What is being tested during this part of the screening? - Trapezius strength - Shoulder range of motion - Deltoid strength - Shoulder symmetry

Deltoid strength

What document published every 5 years by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services provides Americans advice on good eating habits to promote health? - FDA Recommendations for Americans - Dietary Guidelines for Americans - MyPlate for Americans - Dietary Reference Intakes for Americans

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

You have been asked to speak at a local Rotary Club meeting regarding recommendations for improving nutrition and physical activity for the general population. Which of the following resources might you share with your audience? - National Strength and Conditioning Association website, which is updated regularly - Healthy People 2020 objectives, which are updated every 10 years - Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, which are updated regularly - American College of Sports Medicine position statements, which are updated periodically as information changes

Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, which are updated regularly

An athlete approaches you for guidance regarding a dietary supplement he wishes to take to improve performance. What information would it be important for you to share with the athlete? - Dietary supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), so the product may contain substances that could result in a positive drug test - The ingredient list should be carefully evaluated for banned substances - The team physician is required to approve all supplements before use - The student should consult with his coach who has a list of all products that are approved for use by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)

Dietary supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), so the product may contain substances that could result in a positive drug test

You elect to have a patient complete a McGill Pain Questionnaire before his or her rehabilitation appointment. Which type of patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale is being used? - Generic instrument - Disease-specific instrument - Site-specific instrument - Dimension-specific instrument

Dimension-specific instrument

You are concerned that severe thunderstorms may pass through your area during the afternoon practice sessions. What actions should you take to maximize athlete safety and minimize communication problems with the coaching staff? - Notify all the coaches as soon as inclement weather is sighted - Discuss with the coaches early in the day that weather may impact practice, review procedures, and provide updates as the weather system approaches - Send the coaches an e-mail that weather may impact practices later in the day - Speak to each of the coaches as they are beginning their practice and let them know you will be monitoring the weather and will tell them if they need to leave the field

Discuss with the coaches early in the day that weather may impact practice, review procedures, and provide updates as the weather system approaches

What important instruction should be posted over the whirlpool and given to the patient verbally before initiating treatment to reduce the risk of electrical shock? - No horseplay in the treatment area - No jewelry may be worn in whirlpool - Wash the treatment area with soap and water before immersion to remove sweat and other electrolyte particles - Do not turn the machine on or off while immersed in the water

Do not turn the machine on or off while immersed in the water

A positive response to which of the following questions on a preparticipation examination medical history would result in referral to a physician for additional screening? - Does your heart race or skip beats during exercise? - Have you ever spent the night in a hospital? - Is there anyone in your family who has asthma? - Have you ever fractured a bone?

Does your heart race or skip beats during exercise?

How might helmets be tracked to ensure appropriate inspections, reconditioning, recertification, and disposal occur? - Each helmet should be assigned a code number at the time of purchase and then tracked - All helmets must be inspected, reconditioned, and recertified each year - Only helmets that were used during the season need to be inspected and recertified - All helmets should be inspected annually, and any helmet that is damaged must be disposed of by following manufacturer's guidelines

Each helmet should be assigned a code number at the time of purchase and then tracked

What mandatory equipment is required by both the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the National Federation of High School Sports (NFHS) for any athlete participating in the sport of wrestling? - Elbow pads - Knee pads - Mouth guards - Ear guard

Ear guard

When designing a hydrotherapy area, which design elements are recommended to reduce the risk of patient injury? - Electrical outlets must be at least 3 ft. off the floor and equipped with ground fault circuit interruptors (GFCIs), and hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to a floor drain - Electrical outlets must be at least 2 ft. off the floor, hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to a floor drain, and floors should be carpeted to reduce slippage - Electrical outlets must be equipped with GFCIs, floors should be sloped toward the drains to minimize puddling, and lighting should be a minimum of 140 W - The area should be a minimum of 60 sq. ft. per athlete being serviced, walls should be constructed from cinderblock, and floors should be carpeted to reduce slippage - The area should use only natural lighting and should be a minimum of 10 sq. ft. per athlete being serviced, and plumbing fixtures should include mixing valves and foot pedal activators

Electrical outlets must be at least 3 ft. off the floor and equipped with ground fault circuit interruptors (GFCIs), and hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to a floor drain

Last night a member of your school's softball team was hospitalized with the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. What action should be taken to minimize the risk of this illness spreading? - Quarantine all softball players for at least 36 hours - Refer all softball players and persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete for a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, obtained through a lumbar puncture - Ensure that all persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete begin prophylactic medication, such as ciprofloxacin - Refer all softball players and persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete for a complete blood count (CBC) and urinalysis

Ensure that all persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete begin prophylactic medication, such as ciprofloxacin

Practicing electrical safety in an athletic training facility is important to prevent injuries to patients and therapists. Which action provides the best legal protection from a potential lawsuit? - To ensure grounding, use only three-pronged wall outlets - Defective equipment should be labeled and used only intermittently - Remove plugs by pulling cord at an angle perpendicular to the outlet - Evaluate electrical equipment yearly, ensuring compliance to National Electrical Code guidelines

Evaluate electrical equipment yearly, ensuring compliance to National Electrical Code guidelines

When exercising in an environment where ambient temperature is greater than skin temperature and relative humidity is low, what form or heat transfer is the body's most efficient and most relied on means of heat loss? - Radiation - Convection - Evaporation - Conduction

Evaporation

A city is hosting a 10k race to benefit at-risk inner-city youth. The race course includes running through the city's developed and highly populated sections. At what time during the day should the race begin to best minimize the risk of runners experiencing problems due to air pollution? - Late dawn - Midday - Early afternoon - Evening

Evening

Ultimately the frequency of helmet recertification and reconditioning is up the discretion of the athletic trainer. However, if no warranty exists or after the warranty expires, how often must helmets be recertified and reconditioned using a vendor approved by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE)? - Every year - Every 2 years - At the end of the playing season - Every 4 years - Recertification/reconditioning not recommended after warranty expires

Every 2 years

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between injury rates and synthetic turf playing surfaces compared with natural grass surfaces? - Injury rates are higher during the first 1 to 2 years of a new synthetic turf field - Injury rates are higher on natural grass surfaces because they are more difficult to maintain - Injury rates are significantly higher on synthetic turf fields due to the higher speeds the players are able to generate - Evidence in the literature is inconclusive, and additional research needs to be conducted

Evidence in the literature is inconclusive, and additional research needs to be conducted

What is considered a cause of mineral deposits in the kidneys, blood vessels, and other soft tissues in the body? - Excessive dietary vitamin A - Inadequate dietary vitamin D - Excessive dietary vitamin D - Excessive dietary vitamin K - Inadequate dietary vitamin K

Excessive dietary vitamin D

Hypothermia, which can result in long-term morbidity or death, can occur in organized sports and in physically active people. Athletic trainers should monitor both extrinsic and intrinsic factors that can predispose a person to hypothermia. Which of the following is an extrinsic risk factor for developing hypothermia? - Hypoglycemia - Exercising at a low intensity - Exercising with whole or partial body immersed in cold water - Fitness level falls below physical demands of exercise

Exercising with whole or partial body immersed in cold water

Which heat illness typically manifests with fatigue, excessive thirst, incoordination, mental dullness, and slightly elevated body temperature? - Heat syncope - Exercise-associated heat cramps - Exertional heat exhaustion - Exertional heatstroke

Exertional heat exhaustion

You are an athletic trainer for a medical clinic that provides athletic training community outreach. One of your responsibilities is to assist the director of the city recreation department by providing educational information to sports program participants and parents. You must write an informational letter regarding protective equipment for participants in an introductory girl's lacrosse program. What equipment is mandatory for all athletes participating in high school girls' lacrosse that can be required in a city recreation program? - Gloves - Eye guard - Clear mouth guard - Elbow pads

Eye guard

For which of the following injuries is a thumb spica semirigid cast (cast in photo) indicated? (Image on Rozzi pg.101) - Fifth distal interphalangeal joint sprain - Third proximal interphalangeal joint sprain - First metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint sprain - Second metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint sprain

First metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint sprain

When using a urine specific gravity measurement to determine hydration status, which urine void will give the most accurate information? - First void following breakfast - Void immediately after exercise - Void immediately before exercise - First void of the morning after waking up

First void of the morning after waking up

An athlete demonstrates limited passive dorsiflexion at the preparticipation screening. Which of the following factors is most likely restricting this motion? - Strength of the posterior tibialis muscle - Strength of the peroneal muscles - Flexibility of the toe extensor muscles - Flexibility of the Achilles tendon complex - Strength of the anterior tibialis muscle

Flexibility of the Achilles tendon complex

As a high school athletic trainer, you have multiple practice sessions occurring simultaneously. Which group of athletes is most at risk for developing a heat-related illness? - Cross country team completing speed drills - Field hockey team preparing for tomorrow's game - Soccer team working on corner kicks - Football team running through offensive plays - Volleyball team completing conditioning drills

Football team running through offensive plays

While conducting preparticipation physical examinations, an athletic trainer must identify disqualifying medical conditions. Using the table, assign each medical condition to the sport(s) [Football, Baseball, Golf] for which it is a disqualifying condition. Some conditions may be used for more than one sport, and some conditions may not be used at all. - Enlarged spleen - Poorly controlled seizure disorder - One testicle - One ovary - Absence of one kidney - Enlarged liver - Atlantoaxial instability - Carditis - Mild hypertension

Football: Enlarged spleen, poorly controlled seizure disorder, absence of one kidney, enlarged liver, atlantoaxial instability, carditis Baseball: Poorly controlled seizure disorder, enlarged liver, atlantoaxial instability, carditis Golf: Carditis

Your school's annual injury summary indicates your men's soccer team sustained a higher number of anterior lower leg injuries this past year compared with the previous five seasons. An e-mail to the coaching staff explaining the importance of appropriate shin guard sizing and usage is indicated. What should be included in this communication? - For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior lower leg from the tibial tuberosity to midtibia - For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior lower leg from just above the malleoli of the ankle to just below the tibial tuberosity - For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior and lateral lower leg from the distal third of the tibia to the superior tip of the gastrocnemius muscle - For maximum protection, the largest shin guard size available should be worn by all players

For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior lower leg from just above the malleoli of the ankle to just below the tibial tuberosity

Which cold injury is most likely to occur in an athlete exposed to a damp, freezing cold? - Deep frostbite - Superficial frostbite - Chilblain - Frost nip

Frost nip

A runner who is trying to improve the quality of her carbohydrate intake asks you to explain the fiber information on the two energy bars she is comparing so she can make an educated choice. Which statement is correct? - Soluble (high-viscosity) fiber is a digestible carbohydrate found naturally in foods that increases fecal bulk and acts as a laxative speeding up the movement of foo through the digestive system - Insoluble (low-viscosity) fiber is a digestible carbohydrate found naturally in foods that slows gastric emptying, increases the feeling of fullness, and may aid in decreasing blood cholesterol levels - Functional fiber is nondigestible carbohydrate that may have beneficial physiological effects and is typically added to foods - A food label stating it is "high fiber" food means one serving of the product contains the recommended daily allowance of fiber

Functional fiber is nondigestible carbohydrate that may have beneficial physiological effects and is typically added to foods

A screening tool asks the patient to indicate how frequently over the past 2 weeks he has been bothered by the following: (1) feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge; (2) not being able to stop or control worry; (3) worrying too much about different things; (4) trouble relaxing; (5) being so restless that it is hard to sit still; (6) becoming easily annoyed or irritable; (7) feeling afraid as if something awful might happen. Which mental health condition is this tool assessing? - Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder - Generalized anxiety disorder - Obsessive-compulsive disorder - Depression

Generalized anxiety disorder

The universal wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index provides objective information athletic trainers can use in making recommendations regarding exercise in hot and humid environments. WBGT is calculated from three different thermometers providing three environmental variables. Which thermometer provides a measure of the sun's radiant energy? - Globe temperature (GT) - Wet bulb temperature (WBT) - Dry bulb temperature (DBT) - Sol bulb temperature (SBT)

Globe temperature (GT)

Which of the following skills may be elevated in a functional capacity evaluation completed before developing a work hardening or conditioning program? - 40 yard sprint time - Vertical jump height - Hand grip strength - 1 minute sit-up maximum

Hand grip strength

What regulation guarantees that intercollegiate athletes have access to all of their medical records, while giving them more control over how their protected health information is used and disclosed? - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act - Americans With Disabilities Act - Medical Records Retention Act

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Based on recommendations in the National Athletic Trainer's Association (NATA) Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions, the inclusion of which routine laboratory or screening tests in the preparticipation examination for all participants is supported by current research studies? - Electrocardiography - Urinalysis - Complete blood count - Lipid profile - Heart auscultation

Heart auscultation

When an athlete collapses while participating in hot and humid environmental conditions, the athletic trainer needs to differentiate the cause of the collapse: heat cramping, exertional heatstroke, or exertional sickling. Assign each of the presentation features listed to the three causes of on-site collapse. Some features may be used for more than one cause, and some features may not be used at all. A: Weakness greater than pain B: Pain greater than weakness C: Prodrome of muscle weakness or twitching D: Muscles lock up E: Slumps to ground F: Muscles weak, appear normal G: Mental cloudiness H: Usually occurs late in practice I: Body temperature less than 103 degrees Fahrenheit J: Body temperature greater than 105 degrees Fahrenheit K: Incoherent or unresponsive

Heat Cramping: B, C, D, H, I Exertional Heatstroke: G, H, J, K Exertional Sickling: A, E, F, I

Which of the following recommendations regarding moist heat pack use is designed to protect the patient and extend the life of the equipment? - Heat packs should be removed and washed with soap and water weekly to prevent mold from developing - Heat packs should be allowed to cool to room temperature before replacing them in the water bath - Heat packs should be placed on a patient rather than allowing the patient to lie directly on the heat pack - Heat packs should be used only with a commercial cover as the barrier between the patient and the heat pack

Heat packs should be placed on a patient rather than allowing the patient to lie directly on the heat pack

Which of the following bloodborne pathogens is most commonly contracted by health-care workers? - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) - Human papillomavirus (HPV) - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - Hepatitis D virus (HDV) - Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

What is the most common chronic bloodborne pathogen infection in the United States? - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) - Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis can occur in healthy individuals during intense exercise. What environmental conditions increase an athlete's risk for this condition? - High air temperature and rain - Low air temperature and wind - High air temperature and high humidity - Low air temperature and high humidity - Low air temperature and rain

High air temperature and high humidity

What environmental condition puts an athlete with sickle cell trait at risk for an exertional sickling episode? - Low air temperature - High pollen count - High wind speed - High altitude

High altitude

Which of the following would be an intrinsic risk factor for exertional heatstroke? ' - High ambient temperature and humidity - Minimal access to fluids before and during participation - High muscle mass-to-body fat ratio - Inappropriate work-to-rest ratios

High muscle mass-to-body fat ratio

An athlete returns from a family vacation in Breckenridge, Colorado, and reports that she was sick while on vacation. She noted shortness of breath, cough, headache, and general body weakness that was significantly better as soon as they returned home. What condition do you suspect the athlete was experiencing while on vacation? - Viral infections - Acute bronchitis - Acute mountain sickness - High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

You are educating an athlete who has recently been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus on recognizing the signs and symptoms of uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Using the table, identify the signs and symptoms commonly associated with hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, or both conditions. Some signs and symptoms may not be used. A: Polyuria B: Shakiness C: Polydipsia D: Hyperventilation E: Tachycardia F: Behavior changes/irritability G: Coma H: Polyphagia I: Nausea J: Weight loss K: Altered or blurred vision

Hyperglycemia: A, C, H, J Hypoglycemia: B, E, F, I Both: D, K

For which of the following sports does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the National Federation of High School Sports (NFHS) require athletes use protective padding for the elbow and/or forearm during all practices and competitions? - Ice hockey - Soccer - Wrestling - Basketball

Ice hockey

To avoid catastrophic cervical spine injury in sports, athletic trainers should attempt to control for both extrinsic and intrinsic predisposing risk factors. Which of the following is an intrinsic risk factor for cervical spine injury in sports? - Improper technique, such as leading with the head into contact - Officials not calling penalties for illegal play known to cause cervical spine injury - Lack of education and awareness of causes of cervical spine injury among coaches when instructing athletes - Faculty athletic equipment

Improper technique, such as leading with the head into contact

Recognizing and addressing intrinsic risk factors for exertional heatstroke is an important prevention strategy. Which of the following is an intrinsic risk factor for exertional heat stroke? - Athletic equipment - Inadequate heat acclimatization - Lack of education and awareness of heat illnesses by coaches, athletes, and medical staff - High ambient temperature, solar radiation, and humidity

Inadequate heat acclimatization

When conducting a preparticipation examination, which of the following findings would be considered a normal physiological adaptation to exercise and sport participation? - Resting heart rate above normal range - Increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation in the dominant arm of a baseball pitcher - Resting blood pressure below normal values - Quadriceps-to-hamstring ratio closer to 1

Increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation in the dominant arm of a baseball pitcher

The wrestling coach is speaking with his wrestlers about weight loss. He instructs his wrestlers to eat as much celery and apples as they want because these foods are catabolic foods, which promote weight loss. He informs the wrestlers that these foods contain fewer calories than are required to chew, digest, and absorb them. How should you respond to this coach's instructions? - Confirm the coach's information is accurate and note that the wrestlers will benefit from the increased intake of fruits and vegetables - Confirm the coach's information is accurate, but encourage the wrestlers to also eat as much grapefruit as possible, as grapefruit is the strongest negative calorie food - Inform the coach and the wrestlers that metabolism is significantly increased with eating so any fruits and vegetables should aid in weight loss - Inform the coach and wrestlers that while metabolism increases with eating, the increase is small, and there is no research in support of any catabolic foods whereby more calories are used to metabolize a food than the number of calories in the food

Inform the coach and wrestlers that while metabolism increases with eating, the increase is small, and there is no research in support of any catabolic foods whereby more calories are used to metabolize a food than the number of calories in the food

How should you instruct an athlete to breathe while performing a bench press? - Inhale as the bar is thrust upward and exhale as the bar is lowered - Hold the breathe as the bar is lowered and inhale as the bar is is thrust upward - Inhale as the bar is lowered and exhale as the bar is thrust upward - Hold the breath until one repetition is complete - Inhale as the bar is lowered and hold the breath as the bar is thrust upward

Inhale as the bar is lowered and exhale as the bar is thrust upward

What should you calculate if you want to determine the incidence of injuries for last season's men's soccer team, per the number of individual athlete exposures? - Incidence of injury - Injury prevalence - Injury exposure rate - Injury likelihood ratio

Injury exposure rate

A hospital has hired you to provide outreach coverage by directing the healthcare for a local recreation department that organizes youth sports leagues for 10 different sports. What resource might provide you with recommendations for implementation of care based on evidence-based principles? - Meeting with the hospital's legal team - Gathering together pediatricians in the area to discuss required area - National Recreation and Parks Administration - Inter-Association Consensus Statement on Best-Practice Recommendations for Youth Sports Leagues

Inter-Association Consensus Statement on Best-Practice Recommendations for Youth Sports Leagues

An athlete on your women's basketball team is diagnosed with the mumps. How would you best manage this condition to reduce the risk for other members of her team? - Send the athlete home for a minimum of 25 days and educate the other members of the team about the symptoms of the disease - Provide antiviral medication for everyone who has been exposed and isolate the sick athlete so that no additional exposure will occur - Isolate the sick athlete until parotid swelling returns to normal, verify immunization records and vaccinate other team members is necessary, and educate anyone who has been exposed about the symptoms - Treat the athlete symptomatically with analgesics and rest, verify the immunization record of anyone else who has been exposed, and provide vaccinations for those who have not been vaccinated

Isolate the sick athlete until parotid swelling returns to normal, verify immunization records and vaccinate other team members is necessary, and educate anyone who has been exposed about the symptoms

Which type of muscular strengthening technique is characterized by an increase in muscle tension without changing the length of the muscle? - Isotonic - Isokinetic - Isometric - Eccentric

Isometric

An athlete you are working with shares that she was recently a victim of sexual assault. She is working with a counselor to manage the aftereffects of the trauma, but she is very worried that she is at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Initial HIV antibody testing was negative. How would you counsel the athlete based on these results? - She does not need to worry because she had a negative result from her first test - It may takes 3 months to a year for measurable antibodies to appear, so she needs to be retested at 3 months and 1 year after the assault - If her assailant tests positive for HIV, she will be notified - Testing should be repeated monthly for up to 2 years from initial exposure

It may takes 3 months to a year for measurable antibodies to appear, so she needs to be retested at 3 months and 1 year after the assault

This fall your high school has a record number of boys wanting to play football. The returning varsity players and almost all of the junior varsity players have received properly fitted new or reconditioned equipment. The equipment supply has been exhausted, but the coaches want to give all the remaining boys without equipment a chance to play, so they inquire about using the old, worn-out equipment in the storage room, even if it just "almost fits." What is the most important information that should be communicated to the coaching staff regarding this stored equipment? - The school emblem on these old worn-out helmets is not current and so will not match the other helmets - The screws holding the face masks on the old helmets are mostly rusted and stripped, not allowing for changing of face masks to ensure position-specific face masks - These helmets were stored in a moist and dark storage room, so they will likely have mold and other fungi on the inner surface and padding - Junior varsity players are less skilled and experienced, so wearing worn-out and improperly fitted equipment increases their risk of injury

Junior varsity players are less skilled and experienced, so wearing worn-out and improperly fitted equipment increases their risk of injury

What is the best time of day to fit an athlete for shoes? - First thing in the morning - After a workout - Late in the day - After completion of a warm-up and stretching session

Late in the day

Most states regulate the practice of athletic trainers for the protection of the public as well as for the advancement of the profession. Which form of governmental credentialing law is considered the most restrictive? - Certification - Registration - Exemption - Licensure

Licensure

You are preparing your college football team for the upcoming season. A football player is having difficulty finding a pair of shoulder pads that fit him correctly. As his athletic trainer, you decide to modify a pair of shoulder pads to fit this athlete. Which modifications are least likely to result in you or your institution being involved in a lawsuit should the athlete become injured? - Limit your modifications to only those recommended by the shoulder pad manufacturer - Limit your modifications to only those that you have made in the past that did not result in any injuries - Limit your modifications to those that your athletic director agrees in writing to take responsibility for should a player get injured - Limit your modifications to only those you have seen colleagues make that did not result in any injuries - Limit your modifications to only those specific to the player's position

Limit your modifications to only those recommended by the shoulder pad manufacturer

Which football player would be most likely to wear a cantilevered shoulder pad? - Quarterback - Punter/kicker - Youth football player - Linebacker - Wide receiver

Linebacker

A few days after returning from a trail run one of your cross country runners complains of headache, fatigue, and fever followed by a red ringlike rash with a red center. What condition do you suspect? - Ringworm - Lyme disease - Spider bite - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Lyme disease

Over the past 3 weeks, you have noticed alarming changes in an athlete. He is generally uninterested in training sessions and matches, and he appears unhappy, fatigued, and unfocused. Additionally, he appears to have lost weight and looks as though he is not sleeping enough. Which of the following psychological conditions should you suspect? - Posttraumatic stress disorder - Obsessive-compulsive disorder - Generalized anxiety episode - Major depressive episode

Major depressive episode

Which of the following lists contains only disaccharides? - Glucose, maltose, lactose - Lactose, galactose, glucose - Galactose, fructose, glucose - Sucrose, fructose, maltose - Maltose, lactose, sucrose

Maltose, lactose, sucrose

You have been informed that one of your lacrosse players has modified his shoulder pads to make them more comfortable. What action should you take? - No action is necessary as long as the athlete is comfortable - Meet the athlete and explain that modifying equipment in any way may limit its protective ability and will invalidate the manufacturer's warranty - Notify the coach that the player should be withheld from activity until the equipment modification is addressed - Inspect the equipment in question and as long as the athlete is protected no additional action is necessary

Meet the athlete and explain that modifying equipment in any way may limit its protective ability and will invalidate the manufacturer's warranty

When evaluating the strength of the evidence found in the research literature, which type of research study would be considered the most rigorous and provide the least amount of bias? - Case study - Clinical practice guidelines - Cohort study - Meta-analysis

Meta-analysis

The Cooper 1.5 mile run test is commonly used to assess aerobic fitness. What outcome data are produced from this assessment? - Maximal heart rate - Minutes run - Distance (miles or kilometers) run - Sweat rate

Minutes run

How can physically active individuals exercising for more than an hour in duration easily monitor adherence to proper hydration protocols to decrease risk of hyponatremia? - Monitor weight before and after activity - Assess urine color using standard urine color chart - Assess body temperature before and after activity and if any symptoms occur - Monitor urine output compared with water intake over a 24-hour period

Monitor weight before and after activity

A soccer coach is seeking support for his decision to require all his players to wear mouth guards during both practice sessions and matches. Based on the National Athletic Trainer's Association (NATA) position statement on preventing and managing sports-related dental and oral injuries, which statement regarding mouth guard use in sports is accurate? - Mouth guards are effective in preventing mild traumatic brain injury - Mouth guards negatively affect ventilation and aerobic performance - Mouth guards have been shown to improve strength and balance - Mouth guards are effective in protecting against orofacial injuries

Mouth guards are effective in protecting against orofacial injuries

Which cardiac condition places ill athletes, particularly those who are febrile, at risk of sudden cardiac death? - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Commotio cordis - Marfan's syndrome - Myocarditis

Myocarditis

You believe your school's athletic department should purchase an automated external defibrillator (AED). What document should be used to encourage your school to indicate an AED as part of your emergency equipment? - National Athletic Trainer's Association (NATA) Heat Stroke Treatment Authorization Form - NATA Position Statement: Management of Sport Concussion - NATA Official Statement: Automated External Defibrillators - NATA Heads up video

NATA Official Statement: Automated External Defibrillators

According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) guidelines, what organization must certify shin guards worn by soccer players? - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) - NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards - National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) - Soccer Equipment Certification Center (SECC)

NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards

In what way does level of acclimatization impact recommendations for activity as the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index increases? - Activity recommendations remain the same regardless of levels of acclimatization - As the WGBT index increases the recommended work/rest ratio decreases, but water intake remains static for acclimatized individuals - Water intake recommendations increase for unacclimatized individuals, but the work/rest ratio remains the same for both groups - Nonacclimatized individuals are at risk of heat illness with extreme exertion even at low WGBT levels (< 78.0 degrees Farhenheit)

Nonacclimatized individuals are at risk of heat illness with extreme exertion even at low WGBT levels (< 78.0 degrees Fahrenheit)

Which type of shoulder pad is recommended for quarterbacks and wide receivers? - Noncantilevered - Cantilevered - Flatpad - Streamlined

Noncantilevered

A cross country runner has been complaining of symptoms consistent with tibialis posterior tendonitis. Evaluation reveals some very mild increased pronation with ambulation. The team physician recommends symptomatic treatment and an off-the-shelf arch support before fabrication of custom orthotics. What is the basis for this recommendation? - Custom orthotics are not very effective with minor biomechanical abnormalities - Custom orthotics do not provide enough cushioning for a cross country runner - Off-the-shelf orthotics are a more-cost effective way to determine if custom orthotics would be helpful - Off-the-shelf orthotics are easier to replace, as this athlete will be participating in daily rigorous workouts

Off-the-shelf orthotics are a more-cost effective way to determine if custom orthotics would be helpful

Your tennis team will be traveling from the east coast to the west coast for a tournament. What guidance might you give the coach to minimize the negative impacts of jet lag on the players? - Do not allow the players to drink caffeine while traveling west - Ask the players to stay up late before you leave so they will sleep on the plane - On arrival, immediately assume the local time schedule for eating, practicing, and sleeping - Have the players keep their watches set on the time at home to improve the ability to adjust on return

On arrival, immediately assume the local time schedule for eating, practicing, and sleeping

How often should formal educational sessions regarding the risk of head-down contact in football be conducted? - Once before the fall season and once before the spring season - Each time the team is assessed with a spearing penalty during the season - Once a year before the start of the season - Once before the start of the season and once midway through the season

Once before the start of the season and once midway through the season

To which principle of conditioning does the SAID principle directly apply? - Individuality - Consistency - Progression - Overload - Safety

Overload

Before initiating a conditioning program, participants should complete a preparticipation multistage health screening that includes the use of self-guided questionnaires. What health questionnaire should be used for participants aged 15 to 69 years to determine if they should consult a physician before beginning a conditioning program? - ICD-9 - PIQ-6 - PAR-Q - PHQ-9

PAR-Q

A seal from this organization appears on eye protection, such as eye guards, manufactured in compliance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International Standards. - NOCSAE - HECC - CSA - PECC

PECC

You are coordinating medical care for a large road race that includes 5k, 10k, and half-marathon events. What key educational information should be included in participant guidelines regarding fluid replacement? - Participants should be encouraged to drink as much as possible in the 48 hours leading up to the race - Participants should be encouraged to drink fluids at every water station on the course - Participants should be provided with a copy of the event safety plan and locations of every water station - Participants should be provided with strategies to avoid overconsumption of water and dehydration

Participants should be provided with strategies to avoid overconsumption of water and dehydration

Which of the following is recommended for pediatric athletes to minimize overuse injuries? - Pediatric athletes should have 3 to 4 days off per week - Pediatric athletes should participate on a maximum of two teams of the same sport per season - Pediatric athletes should begin a general fitness, conditioning, strengthening, and flexibility program 2 months before the start of the competitive sport season - Pediatric athletes should progress the duration, load, and intensity of workouts by no more than 20% per week

Pediatric athletes should begin a general fitness, conditioning, strengthening, and flexibility program 2 months before the start of the competitive sport season

Which of the following classes of drugs are banned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)? - Cathartics - Histamine-2 blockers - Sympathomimetics - Peptide hormones

Peptide hormones

Mouth-formed mouth guards are one category of mouth guards. What action should be followed when fitting a mouth-formed mouth guard? - Submerge the mouth guard in boiling water for at least 5 minutes - Place the heated guard into the mouth, press the lips together to create a seal, and suck the guard against the upper arch - With the heated guard in the mouth, bring the upper and lower jaw together to gently bite into the guard to imprint teeth pattern - After the mouth guard is formed, cut the posterior ends and trim the edges next to the gums as much as needed for comfort

Place the heated guard into the mouth, press the lips together to create a seal, and suck the guard against the upper arch

A school that has recently built a new football practice and game facility has decided to have their lacrosse team use the old synthetic turf football field. Which of the following policies can aid in minimizing the lacrosse player's injury risk? - All training sessions should occur on the synthetic turf field - Players should wear shoes that provide solid footing without "sticking" to the surface - Players should wear shoes with a soft, flexible sole - Practice sessions should be conducted at 50% to 75% of maximal intensity and speed

Players should wear shoes that provide solid footing without "sticking" to the surface

Your athlete is unable to wear contact lenses. Corrective eyeglass lenses made of which of the following materials would you recommend for participation? - Polycarbonate lenses - Plastic lenses - Polyethylene lenses - Fiberglass lenses - Ethyl vinyl acetate lenses

Polycarbonate lenses

A comprehensive lightning emergency action plan includes identifying specific criteria for suspending and resuming activity. Which of the following is a recommendation for suspending or resuming activity? - Resume activities once skies brighten and the sound of thunder lessens - Postpone or suspend activities once thunderstorms are producing lightning - Resume activities 30 minutes after all persons are completely within the designated safe location - Postpone or suspend activities if a thunderstorm appears imminent before or during activity

Postpone or suspend activities if a thunderstorm appears imminent before or during activity

An athlete is demonstrating a pattern of illegal substance abuse and dependence. While having a discussion with this athlete about his options, you employ Prochaska and DiClemente's framework to determine his readiness to do something about his condition. Which of the five different stages of change indicates he is not ready to work with you to develop a treatment plan? - Precontemplation - Contemplation - Preparation - Action

Precontemplation

Core, lower extremity, and upper extremity plyometric exercises can be incorporated into a weight training and performance enhancement program to develop power. To minimize risk of injury and ensure maximal benefits, athletes should systematically progress through the three phases or stages of plyometrics. Assign each of the exercises listed to one of the three plyometric exercise phases: preparatory phase, submaximal phase, and maximal phase. A: Single-leg tuck jump B: Rope jump C: Crunches D: Wall push-up E: Push-up with clap F: Depth jumps to box G: Marching H: Ladder drills I: Power skip J: Partner medicine ball throw with twist

Preparatory: B, C, D, G Submaximal: E, H, I Maximal: A, F, J

What are the recommendations for storage of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications in the athletic training room? - Prescription medications should not be stored in an athletic training room, but OTC medications can be safely stored in a storage closet or cabinet - Prescription and OTC medications must be stored in a locked closet that is accessible only to the team physician - Prescription and OTC medications should be stored in a climate-controlled locked cabinet with tamper-proof locks accessible only to the authorized personnel, including the team physician and certified athletic trainer - Prescription medication must be stored in a locked cabinet that is accessible only to the certified athletic trainer and team physician, whereas OTC medications can be freely accessible to staff and athletes

Prescription and OTC medications should be stored in a climate-controlled locked cabinet with tamper-proof locks accessible only to the authorized personnel, including the team physician and certified athletic trainer

Which hormone or hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum? - Progesterone - Human growth hormone (HGH) - Progesterone and estrogen - Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Progesterone and estrogen

Which principle of conditioning is a coach following when he increases the team's off-season conditioning program gradually and within each team member's abilities to adapt to the overload in order to minimize risk of injury? - Progression - Intensity - Specificity - Consistency

Progression

What type of testing must a new baseball batter's helmet undergo to meet the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) standard? - Stability and retention test - Drop method test - Projectile impact test - Force dispersion test

Projectile impact test

Which of the following pieces of equipment are mandated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)? - Protective eyewear for female lacrosse players - Rib protection for baseball catchers - Protective cups for wrestlers - Intraoral mouthpiece for male basketball players - Helmet with face mask for softball batters

Protective eyewear for female lacrosse players

You are the athletic trainer at a high school that sponsors 22 sports. There are approximately 500 athletes. For this high school, which preparticipation examination format is the most effective and efficient? - Provide a station-based examination with the assistance of multiple medical and health-care professionals before the start of each sport season (i.e., fall, winter, spring) - Provide individual examinations with the assistance of five family practice physicians stationed in individual examination rooms - Provide a station-based examination with the assistance of multiple medical and health-care professionals in the summer before the start of the school year - During the summer months, schedule individual appointments for each athlete with the team physician - Require each athlete to obtain on his or her own a physical examination through a licensed health-care provider

Provide a station-based examination with the assistance of multiple medical and health-care professionals before the start of each sport season (i.e., fall, winter, spring)

An athlete presents with a potential major mental health disorder, and medical intervention is needed. Referral to which of the following professionals is most appropriate? - Social worker holding an MSW degree - Psychologist holding a PsyD degree - Psychiatrist holding a DO degree - Psychologist holding a PhD degree

Psychiatrist holding a DO degree

Which of the following actions might be taken following the completion of a workplace ergonomic assessment? - A list of employee requests for new equipment will be provided to the administrator - Recommendations for strengthening exercises, stretches, and rest breaks will be provided to the employee - A comprehensive intensive therapy program is conducted for a week during the employee's normal work hours - An injury-specific rehabilitation program is provided 3 or 4 days a week for 3 weeks

Recommendations for strengthening exercises, stretches, and rest breaks will be provided to the employee

You are using a Snellen eye chart to assess baseline visual acuity. An athlete is able to comfortably read the line associated with 20/40 vision in the right eye and 20/50 vision in the left eye. What action would you take? - No action is necessary - Retest the athlete serially for 2 to 3 weeks to see if you get the same results - Refer the athlete to an optometrist for evaluation - Hold the athlete from all participation pending referral results

Refer the athlete to an optometrist for evaluation

An athlete was recently involved in a motor vehicle accident in which her friend was paralyzed. Since that time the athlete has been very short-tempered and has had trouble sleeping more than 2 to 3 hours per night. The athletes shares that she does not think she can travel in the coming week, as she is terrified to get on the bus. After discussing the situation with the team physician, what would be the best way to manage this situation? - Refer the athlete to the team massage therapist to help her relax - Teach the athlete deep breathing and meditation exercises - Take the athlete through an imagery exercise to visualize a safe bus trip - Refer the athlete to the school counseling center

Refer the athlete to the school counseling center

You elect to utilize the SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool) to establish baseline data. Which type of error should be counted when conducting the double leg stance component of the balance examination? - Hands lifted off of shoulders - Flexing knees greater than 20 degrees - Moving hips into greater than 5 degrees abduction - Remaining out of test position greater than 5 seconds

Remaining out of test position greater than 5 seconds

Wearing which clothing has the greatest potential to increase an exercising athlete's risk for heat illness? - Cotton short-sleeve T-shirt - Net jersey - Rubberized long-sleeve pullover - Cotton long-sleeve T-shirt

Rubberized long-sleeve pullover

Which of the following could you incorporate into your preparticipation examination to gather baseline concussion data? - Vital sign assessment - Upper quarter screening - Glasgow Coma Scale - SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool)

SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool)

At the start of the second game of a double header baseball game you notice the sky darkening and a warm breeze beginning to blow. Rain is coming down and lightning is evident. You instruct the athletes, coaches, officials, and spectators to seek safe shelter. Which locations are safe, and which are unsafe? Classify each of the locations as either a safe location or an unsafe location. A: Car with a metal roof B: Portable restroom behind right field C: Golf cart with cover D: Hospitality tent near ticket booth E: Adjacent building, which houses a concession stand and restrooms F: Storage shed G: Picnic shelter near a cluster of large trees

Safe: A, E Unsafe: B, C, D, F, G

Why might an athlete with a large hypertrophic scar across the anterior aspect of his knee joint secondary to a previous knee surgery have limited flexion range of motion? - Excess calcium may be deposited in the joint and the area around the scar - The scar may act as a wedge in the joint limiting motion - The athlete may have changes to the neurologic structures resulting in inflammation and pain with movement - Scar tissue is more inelastic than skin and may prevent full range of motion

Scar tissue is more inelastic than skin and may prevent full range of motion

An African American athlete reports for her preparticipation examination and notes she has experienced heat intolerance, severe muscle cramping, hyperventilation, tachycardia, and symptoms of hypotension during the past 6 months. Based on this information, what action should you take? - Screen for sickle cell trait - Screen for hypertension - Screen for Marfan's syndrome - Screen for type 2 diabetes mellitus - Assess her overall fitness level

Screen for sickle cell trait

You have created a hard shell pad to protect an athlete returning to play following a hip pointer injury. How might this pad best be held in place? - Secured directly to the skin with nonelastic adhesive tape - Secured under compression shorts - Secured with prewrap and elastic tape wrapped around both hips - Secured with a hip spica using an elastic bandage and tape

Secured with a hip spica using an elastic bandage and tape

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a newly designed physical examination test, researchers calculate the test's sensitivity. Which statement regarding test sensitivity is correct? - Sensitivity is also known as the "true negative rate" - Sensitivity is calculated as true positives/(true positives + false negatives) - Sensitivity describes the test's ability to detect patients who do not have the disorder - Sensitivity is calculated as true negative/(true negatives + false positives) - Sensitivity is also known as the "diagnostic gold standard"

Sensitivity is calculated as true positives/(true positives + false negatives)

An evaluation of a cross country runner reveals that she has excessive supination bilaterally. Her coach would like to purchase shoes that most effectively address her biomechanical alignment. Which type of shoe would you recommend for this athlete? - Shoe with a flared heel, curved last, and moderate-to-high degree of shock absorption - Shoe with little to no flare, straight last, and moderate-to-high degrees of shock absorption - Shoe with a flared heel, straight last, and low-to-moderate degree of shock absorption - Shoe with no heel flare, curved last, and moderate-to-high degree of shock absorption - Shoe with a flared heel, board last, and low-to-moderate degree of shock absorption

Shoe with a flared heel, curved last, and moderate-to-high degree of shock absorption

A sports team travels to a city located at a higher altitude for an end-of-season tournament. An athlete with which of the following conditions should be closely monitored for effects resulting from the change in altitude? - Sickle cell trait - Urticaria - Celiac disease - Mittelschmerz

Sickle cell trait

Which method of assessing body composition is relatively easy to perform clinically, requires limited equipment, and has a measurement error of only 3% to 5%? - Bioelectric impedance - Skinfold measurement - Hydrostatic weighing - Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

Skinfold measurement

An athlete shares that his father recently lost his job and his family is having trouble affording food for more than two meals per day. Which community professional would be able to provide the best resources to assist this family? - Psychologist - Occupational therapist - Social worker - Registered dietician

Social worker

An athlete diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) tells you she is upset because the physician told her that her infection must be reported to the public health authorities. What should be communicated to this athlete? - Certain infectious diseases are reported so that pharmaceutical companies can target distribution efforts to geographical areas - Some infectious conditions are reported to protect the public from an outbreak of the disease - Certain infectious diseases are reported to encourage patients to improve personal hygiene and incorporate safe-sex practices - Some infectious conditions are reported so that hospitals can make decisions for allocating funding for health-care personnel

Some infectious conditions are reported to protect the public from an outbreak of the disease

Which type of soft orthotic material has a high energy-absorbing quality with a high density, making it effective for preventing blisters and absorbing ground reaction forces in multiple directions? - Sorbothane - Orthopedic felt - Sponge rubber - Gauze padding - Closed-cell foam

Sorbothane

You elect to utilize the SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool) to establish baseline data. Which portion of the SCAT5 assesses cognitive function? - Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) - Maddocks score - Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)

Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)

Washing with soap and water is a proper hygiene practice effective in minimizing a patient's risk of acquiring a nosocomial infection. Which of the following infectious diseases is a patient at risk of acquiring in a medical or athletic training facility? - Zika virus - Staphylococcus aureus - Mononucleosis - Chlamydia

Staphylococcus aureus

At what governmental level are the laws and policies regarding the use of therapeutic modalities by athletic trainers established and regulated? - State - National - Regional - Local - International

State

What is the primary function of the gallbladder? - Secrete digestive enzymes - Store bile - Release insulin into the bloodstream - Produce hormones for regulating carbohydrate metabolism - Store glucose

Store bile

Which of the following is correct regarding maintenance of sports equipment? - Repair all defective equipment within a reasonable period of time - Strictly follow a manufacturer's guidelines for equipment maintenance - Delegate equipment maintenance to coaches and players using equipment - Clean equipment using only Environmental Protection Agency-approved cleaning solutions and disinfectants

Strictly follow a manufacturer's guidelines for equipment maintenance

The leading cause of death in young athletes in an athletic venue is sudden cardiac death (SCD). The causes of SCD can be categorized as structural/functional, electrical, and other. Using the following table, classify each of the causes of SCD in young athletes as structural/functional, electrical, or other. - Commotio cordis - Long QT syndrome - Coronary artery anomalies - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - Drugs and stimulants - Marfan syndrome - Myocarditis

Structural/Functional: Coronary artery anomalies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Marfan syndrome, myocarditis Electrical: Long QT syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Other: Commotio cordis, drugs and stimulants

Some members of a track team residing in one of the northern states have expressed concern with getting sunburn on their upcoming southern spring break training trip. What information should be provided to these athletes regarding the use of sunscreen to prevent sunburn? - Sunscreen is not needed by athletes with dark complexions - Sunscreen with a higher number SPF provides a longer period of protection against the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays - Sunscreen needs to be used only for practice sessions occurring between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. - Sunscreen should be applied 15 to 20 minutes after sun exposure

Sunscreen with a higher number SPF provides a longer period of protection against the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays

The women's soccer coach e-mailed the director of athletic training requesting an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)injury prevention program be developed and administered to her players during the upcoming nontraditional season. As you are the newly hired intern, you have been tasked with researching the current literature on ACL injury prevention programs. Which type of published study can provide you the strongest level of evidence? - Randomized controlled trial (RCT) - Systematic review of RCTs - Outcomes research - Case series

Systematic review of RCTs

Which of the following statements is true regarding selection of tape size and type? - Elastic adhesive tape is used for bodily areas requiring high tensile strength - Tape is qualified based on the grade of backing, the quality of adhesive mass, and the winding tension - Large-width tape is used for bodily areas requiring high tensile strengths - The more acute the angles required, the wider the tape must be to fit the contours - Elastic tape is used for joints that do not expand with motion

Tape is qualified based on the grade of backing, the quality of adhesive mass, and the winding tension

A middle-distance runner has exercise-induced asthma. Which of the following environment is most likely to limit the intensity and number of wheezing episodes during activity? - Cold and dry - Temperate and dry - Cold and moist - Temperate and moist - Hot and dry

Temperate and moist

Which type of activity is best supported by athletic shoes with a rigid sole? - Running - Cross training - Volleyball - Tennis

Tennis

In order to minimize injury risk while maximizing performance, athletic trainers must be able to educate athletes on the differences between the numerous shoes available for physical activity and sports participation. Using the table, match each of the shoe characteristics to the type of shoe, either tennis shoe or running shoe. Some shoe characteristics may be used for more than one shoe type, and some shoe characteristics may not be used at all. A: Nylon mesh uppers B: Sole made of polyurethane C: Leather uppers D: Deep grooves on tread E: Heel flared for stability F: Minimal shock-absorbing capability G: Sole made of durable carbon-based material H: No heel flare I: Flattened tread J: Heel and sole padded for shock absorption

Tennis Shoe: B, C, F, H, I Running Shoe: A, D, E, G, J

Before basketball practice, you notice that the padding surrounding the backboard is beginning to come off. What action should be taken? - No action needs to be taken until the environment becomes unsafe for participants - The loose padding should be removed so it does not come off during practice - The administration should be notified so the backboard can be repaired before it becomes unsafe - The coach should be notified that the backboard cannot be used for practice until it is repaired

The administration should be notified so the backboard can be repaired before it becomes unsafe

You are educating your new volunteer equipment manager about appropriate football shoulder pad fitting. Which of the following statements indicates the shoulder pads are fitted correctly? - The athlete can raise his arms overhead without the pads sliding - The epaulets cover the acromioclavicular joint - The underarm straps are snug enough that it is difficult to slide a finger underneath - The pads shift slightly when the jersey is put on, but the jersey holds them in position

The athlete can raise his arms overhead without the pads sliding

A basketball player has recently been diagnosed with tinea corporis and started on a topical fungicide. Under what conditions will the athlete be allowed to return to play? - The athlete can play as long as the area is covered - The athlete can return to play after using the fungicide for 72 hours if the lesion is covered by a gas-permeable membrane and tape - The athlete can return to play if symptoms of the virus, such as fever and fatigue, have disappeared and no new lesions have been observed for the past 72 hours - The athlete can return to play after being on antibiotics for 24 hours and covering the lesion with a gas-permeable membrane and tape

The athlete can return to play after using the fungicide for 72 hours if the lesion is covered by a gas-permeable membrane and tape

A soccer player reports that his physician has recently started him on a prescription for tetracycline to manage acne. Which of the following is an important consideration based on the new medication? - The athlete is now at a higher risk for heat illness - The athlete should increase fluid intake to combat the diuretic effect of the medication - The athlete is at risk for photosensitivity to sun exposure - The athlete should have liver function tests completed every 3 months

The athlete is at risk for photosensitivity to sun exposure

An athlete sustains a laceration during a game that results in blood saturating the uniform. How would you properly manage this situation in order to return the athlete to the game? - The athlete may be returned to the game immediately as long as the wound is no longer actively bleeding - The athlete must be removed from competition for the remainder of the game - The uniform must be cleaned with an approved disinfectant for fabrics before returning to the game - The athlete must change the portion of the uniform that is saturated before returning to the game

The athlete must change the portion of the uniform that is saturated before returning to the game

During preseason football a sophomore records a third day prepractice weight of 193 lbs. His first session prepractice weight was 200 lb. What actions should be taken in managing this athlete? - The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids before and while participating fully in the practice session - The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids and be held out of practice until he returns to his normal body weight - The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids and should be restricted from full-contact drills during practice - The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids and be allowed to practice until he demonstrates or experiences signs and symptoms of exertional heat illness

The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids and be held out of practice until he returns to his normal body weight

Dehydration in an exercising person can increase risk for exertional heatstroke. Athletes who are dehydrated need to replace fluids. Based on current research, how should fluid lost during exercise be replaced? - The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking primarily water and avoiding sports drinks - The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking water until the athlete is no longer feeling thirsty - The athlete should replace fluid by drinking more fluid than fluid lost - The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking appropriately formulated sports drinks

The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking appropriately formulated sports drinks

Which of the following athletes is demonstrating that he or she is acclimatized to a hot and humid environment? - The athlete who produces the least amount of sweat after 1 hour of participation - The athlete who consumes the least amount of water during the practice session - The athlete who is the first team member to begin sweating during an outdoor practice session - The athlete who has the highest heart rate during the exercise session - The athlete who demonstrates the highest percentage of sodium loss on the team

The athlete who is the first team member to begin sweating during an outdoor practice session

You suspect that a swimmer may be experiencing symptoms of overtraining. Which of the following situations is a significant indicator of overtraining? - The athlete demonstrates increased whole-body muscle tone - The athlete complains of being easily agitated - The athlete reports increased urinary output - The athlete's blood pressure is below preparticipation baseline - The athlete's resting heart rate is elevated above preparticipation baseline

The athlete's resting heart rate is elevated above preparticipation baseline

The volleyball team is participating in a beach volleyball tournament. The coach has given the players sunscreen with SPF 15. What does an SPF of 15 imply? - The athletes can be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light 15 times longer than they could without any sunscreen before their skin turns red - The athletes can safely stay in the sun for 150 minutes before their skin turns red - The athletes have 15 microlayers of skin protection against harmful UV rays - The athletes will have protection against 15 different types of UV rays - The athletes can safely stay in the sun for 15 hours before their skin turns red

The athletes can be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light 15 times longer than they could without any sunscreen before their skin turns red

When initially fitting or checking the fitting of an issued football helmet, the manufacturer's directions for proper fit should be followed carefully. Which of the following represents a correct step in fitting a football helmet? - Helmet ear holes should align with the inferior aspect of the athlete's ear lobes - Two finger widths should be available between the helmet cheek pads and the athlete's cheeks - The back of the helmet covers the base of the athlete's skull - The forehead pad of the helmet is at least three finger widths above the eyes

The back of the helmet covers the base of the athlete's skull

Which of the following persons is/are required to wear a helmet during a baseball game? - The batter only - The on-deck batter and the batter only - The batter, the on-deck batter, and the base coaches only - The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, and the base runners only - The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, the base runners, and all the umpires

The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, and the base runners only

A recently release position statement recommendation carries a Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) and a Strength Of Evidence Taxonomy (SORT) rating of "A." How would a clinician best apply this recommendation? - The clinician should attempt to apply this recommendation into clinical practice, as it carries a high degree of evidence - The clinician should evaluate how the recommendation might fit in with current clinical practice, as it carries a moderate level of evidence - The clinician should carefully consider how this recommendation might fit in with current clinical practice, as it carries weak or conflicting evidence - The clinician would not want to immediately apply this to clinical practice, as it carries insufficient evidence to make a recommendation

The clinician should attempt to apply this recommendation into clinical practice, as it carries a high degree of evidence

According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on environmental cold injuries, three layers of clothing are recommended to minimize risk of hypothermia. Which of the following is correct regarding these layers? - The external layer allows evaporating of sweat with minimal absorption - The internal layer allows evaporation of sweat with minimal absorption - The middle layer provides resistance against wind - The external layer provides insulation - The internal layer provides insulation

The internal layer allows evaporation of sweat with minimal absorption

An athletic trainer working at the secondary school level may elect to send concussion awareness information and return-to-play requirements home with each athlete before the start of each sports season. What legislative actions over the past decade have prompted this educational effort? - The majority of states have enacted sports safety laws related to removal from participation, evaluation, and return-to-play requirements after concussion - Parent organizations and booster clubs have lobbied for educational efforts - State athletic training practice acts require patient education following concussion -National high school athletics governing bodies require patient and family education related to concussions

The majority of states have enacted sports safety laws related to removal from participation, evaluation, and return-to-play requirements after concussion

One function of a spotter for a person lifting free weights is to protect the lifter from injury. Before each exercise, what should the lifter communicate to the spotter to best protect himself from injury? - The number of repetitions the lifter plans to complete - Where the spotter should stand - The weight achieved during the most recent 1-RM (repetition maximum) test - The amount of desired verbal motivation

The number of repetitions the lifter plans to complete

The medical history portion of your preparticipation physical examination (PPE) asks several screening questions related to risk factors for mental health concerns. What actions should be taken for an athlete who answers "yes" to any of these questions? - The physician should have a private conversation with the athlete and determine if referral is indicated - The student athlete's parents should be notified of your concerns - The student athlete should be referred to the school counselor - The student athlete should be monitored during the season and questioned periodically by the athletic trainer for warning signs

The physician should have a private conversation with the athlete and determine if referral is indicated

Your baseball team is playing a doubleheader and you are only one inning into the second game. Dark clouds are moving into the area, and you have heard some rumbles of thunder in the distance. The baseball team's coach also notes the weather changes and asks you if play will be suspended. Which component of your venue-specific comprehensive proactive emergency action plan (EAP) specific to lightning safety is the most helpful for answering the coach's question? - The plan identifies safe locations from the lightning hazard - The plan identifies specific criteria for suspending and resuming activity - The plan identifies a specific person (by name or job title) who makes the decision to suspend and resume sport participation - The plan identifies a reliable means of monitoring the weather

The plan identifies specific criteria for suspending and resuming activity

In addition to appropriate management and monitoring of medical conditions, why is it important that the examiner review all medications listed on the health history with the athlete during the preparticipation examination? - The athlete may not be receiving appropriate medical care - The review of medications may provide information about underlying medical conditions that were not disclosed on the health history - The reviewer can screen for substance abuse issues - The medications must be documented for drug testing purposes

The review of medications may provide information about underlying medical conditions that were not disclosed on the health history

Your volleyball setter is returning to participation following a distal radius fracture. The team physician has requested that she wear a hard splint for the first 2 weeks. What steps must be taken so that she can play? - The head referee must approve the hard splint before the match - The splint must be covered on every surface in 1/2-in.-thick slow rebounding foam - The splint can be worn in practice but may not be worn in matches - The athlete will be unable to participate until the splint is removed

The splint must be covered on every surface in 1/2-in.-thick slow rebounding foam

What is the role of the student athlete in regard to protective equipment? - The student athlete must wear and use the equipment properly - The student athlete must make sure his or her equipment is reconditioned based on recommended time frames - The student athlete must not modify the equipment in any way and should notify coaches, athletic trainers, or equipment managers if the equipment needs maintenance - The student athlete should follow the directions given by coaches and equipment managers

The student athlete must not modify the equipment in any way and should notify coaches, athletic trainers, or equipment managers if the equipment needs maintenance

Which of the following is the best material for constructing a functional protective device to protect a humeral exostosis? - Plaster cast material and orthopedic felt - Thermo-moldable plastic and adhesive moleskin - Fiberglass roll and orthopedic felt - Thermo-moldable plastic and closed-cell foam - Adhesive Sorbothane and adhesive felt

Thermo-moldable plastic and closed-cell foam

Why is it recommended that running shoes be replaced every 350 to 500 miles? - They are no longer clean enough to meet minimum hygiene standards - They lose their shock-absorbing properties - The material covering the toe box is likely to be damaged - The sole is typically worn through

They lose their shock-absorbing properties

As part of the general medical screening, a maturity assessment is conducted using Tanner's five stages of maturity. A female athlete is assigned a stage 5 rating. How should this staging be interpreted? - This athlete is fully developed - This athlete is midway to full development, and growth plates are weaker than joint capsule and tendons - This athlete is in the stage when the fastest bone growth occurs - This athlete demonstrates no evidence of puberty

This athlete is fully developed

A football helmet bears the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) seal. What does this seal imply about the helmet? - It is a warranty that the helmet will protect the athlete from potential head injuries - This helmet met the requirements of NOCSAE performance testing when it was manufactured or reconditioned - The helmet will minimize the severity of a head injury such as a concussion - It states that there is risk inherent in playing football and that a serious injury can occur as a result of participation in the sport - The helmet can be safely removed during an on-field emergency care situation

This helmet met the requirements of NOCSAE performance testing when it was manufactured or reconditioned

An athlete who has been undergoing treatment for depression and anxiety inquires about taking St. John's wort, a commonly used herbal supplement, as a more "natural" way to address his mental health conditions. How should you respond to this athlete? - This supplement is safe to consume because like all medications it is closely regulated - Like most herbal supplements, this supplement has been thoroughly studied, and its effects on health are well understood - This supplement has been shown to interact with many medications, which could lead to serious side effects - If this supplement is purchased in a retail store, it will not be adulterated or contaminated

This supplement has been shown to interact with many medications, which could lead to serious side effects

Preparticipation skin checks for wrestlers determine participation eligibility. With which of the following dermatological conditions may a wrestler compete, provided that the active lesions are adequately covered? - Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) - Herpes simplex virus - Impetigo - Furuncles - Tinea corporis

Tinea corporis

What is the purpose of having an athlete sign an assumption of risk statement? - To excuse the athletic trainer and coaches from responsibility when injury occurs - To acknowledge that participation in sports carries some inherent risk of injury and reinforce that the athlete is willing to take on that risk - To absolve the athletic department from any liability if the athlete is injured - To indicate understanding on the part of the athlete that equipment manufacturers cannot be held responsible in the event of an injury

To acknowledge that participation in sports carries some inherent risk of injury and reinforce that the athlete is willing to take on that risk

Your client is using isometric strengthening exercises as part of a work hardening program and has been instructed to breathe while performing the exercises. Why is breathing during isometric exercises recommended? - To maximize blood flow to the client's working muscles - To control the client's heart rate - To minimize accumulation of metabolic by-products in the client's working muscles - To avoid a rapid increase in the client's blood pressure

To avoid a rapid increase in the client's blood pressure

Cycling helmets are designed to protect the head against a single traumatic impact. Which of the following is a recommended guideline for selecting and fitting a cycling helmet? - Place the helmet on the head so that the top of the helmet creates a 15 degree to 20 degree angle of incline from front to back - Adjust front straps and rear straps to position the "y" created by the straps just above the ears, evenly on each side - To check a fitted helmet, push up under the front edge trying to move the helmet backward and upward, and if it moves more than 1 in. from level, readjust straps - Adjust the chin strap so that it sits 2 finger widths below the inferior chin

To check a fitted helmet, push up under the front edge trying to move the helmet backward and upward, and if it moves more than 1 in. from level, readjust straps

What is the purpose of including a wellness screening as part of the preparticipation examination? - To disqualify the athlete from participation - To determine if the athlete is engaging in healthy or unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle habits that pose a threat to wellness - To screen for health maintenance, personal hygiene, and potential for infectious diseases - To assess physical maturity in order to protect young, physically undeveloped athletes

To determine if the athlete is engaging in healthy or unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle habits that pose a threat to wellness

What is the purpose of conducting an ergonomic risk assessment (ERA) and comparing it with injury statistics? - To identify the primary physical factors of a job that might be changed to minimize the risk of injury - To provide feedback to an employee about work performance - To modify current workers' compensation standards - To improve efficiency and productivity

To identify the primary physical factors of a job that might be changed to minimize the risk of injury

An athlete reports to the athletic training room wearing a neoprene knee brace with medial and lateral supports. What is the intended purpose of this brace? - To provide support for a patellofemoral condition and enhance proprioception - To allow for controlled progressive immobilization - To provide enhanced proprioception to minimize risk of initial injury - To provide restriction against rotational forces - To provide additional support subsequent to a collateral ligament injury

To provide additional support subsequent to a collateral ligament injury

What is the purpose of the Healthy People initiative that is updated every 10 years? - To provide comprehensive goals and objects designed to improve the health of the nation - To provide a census of the current health status of the nation - To compare the health of our nation with that of other nations worldwide - To compare the health of individual in different states and allocates federal funding accordingly

To provide comprehensive goals and objects designed to improve the health of the nation

Which of the following is an examination of injury prevalence data you might gather when analyzing your injury rates? - Number of injuries sustained during practice sessions - Number of new ankle injuries sustained by the soccer team during the fall season - Total number of injuries sustained by the basketball team - Average number of injuries per athlete per practice session

Total number of injuries sustained by the basketball team

Overtraining can result in physical fatigue, decreased muscle strength, decreased physical performance, and psychological breakdown resulting in a lessened desire to train. In what situation is overtraining likely to occur? - Training sessions that emphasize proper technique - Training sessions that exceed the body's physiological limits - Training sessions that emphasize cardiovascular training over strength training - Training session volume exceeding that of the previous training sessions

Training sessions that exceed the body's physiological limits

After evaluating data for the past 5 years on injury rates and medical expenses incurred by the athletic department, the institution elects to purchase a secondary insurance policy to cover those expenses. What type of risk management strategy is being utilized? - Avoidance - Retention - Transference - Reduction

Transference

Which type of travel is most likely to result in circadian dysrhythmia? - Travel from California to Massachusetts - Travel from Louisiana to Colorado - Travel from Wisconsin to Florida - Travel from Indiana to Oregon

Travel from California to Massachusetts

An athlete complains of pain and swelling that is isolated to the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. Pain is greatest when pushing off during walking and running and began after the athlete started wearing new turf shoes to practice on the synthetic turf field. What injury would you suspect? - Sesamoiditis - Turf toe - Morton's neuroma - Jones fracture

Turf toe

Which government agency has developed national guidelines for the safety and efficacy of low-level lasers? - Occupational Health and Safety Administration - Department of Health and Environmental Control - American Medical Association Committee on Medical Safeguards - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - U.S. Food and Drug Administration

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Which is the only therapeutic modality for which federal performance standards currently exist? - Ultrasound - Electrical stimulation - Phoresor - Paraffin bath - Mechanical cervical traction

Ultrasound

A routine dipstick urinalysis is often part of a preparticipation physical examination. The following are the results of a urinalysis: - Appearance = light yellow and cloudy - Leukocyte esterase (LE) = moderate - Nitrite = positive - Blood = nonhemolyzed moderate What condition do these urinalysis results suggest? - Dehydration - Diabetes mellitus - Disordered eating - Blocked bile duct - Urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection

Based on laboratory studies, what safety measure appears to be the most effective method for reducing the risk of commotio cordis in youth sports? - Use of standard lacrosse chest protectors - Use of safety baseballs - Use of coach for pitching in baseball and softball - Use of age-, height-, and weight-appropriate bats in baseball and softball

Use of safety baseballs

Which of the following infectious conditions is preventable through vaccination? - Mononucleosis - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Varicella - Zika virus (ZIKV)

Varicella

Exposure to which of the following body fluids does not require the use of universal precautions? - Vomitus - Cerebrospinal fluid - Vaginal secretions - Synovial fluid

Vomitus

On a cold spring afternoon, you assess the weather conditions. Based on air temperature and wind speed you determine the lacrosse players practicing on the turf field are at risk for hypothermia. What clothing guidelines should you recommend the players follow to minimize their risk of hypothermia? - Wear snug, tight-fitting clothing next to the skin - Wear clothing next to skin that does not hold moisture - Wear nonbreathable clothing as outermost layer - Wear tight-fitting, moisture-absorbing socks and gloves

Wear clothing next to skin that does not hold moisture

Osteoporosis is a condition that predominantly affects older women. Which of the following prevention strategies would provide the most significant impact? - Moderate swimming and increased vitamin C intake - Weight-bearing activities and increased calcium intake - Maintaining 10% body fat and using a minimal-resistance stationary bike - Increased electrolytes and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication - Avoidance of physical activity and dairy products

Weight-bearing activities and increased calcium intake

What environmental condition, when combined with low air temperatures and wind, creates an environment that can predispose an athlete to hypothermia? - Lightning - Wetness - Cloudiness - High pollen count

Wetness

When an adult chooses to participate in a sport, the knowledge of potential risks is in most cases clearly understood. Should an injury situation arise, when would the injured adult athlete assume none of the risk? - When the athlete does not fully comprehend the assumption of risk policy - When the athlete has never played the sport before the season in which the injury occurs - When the athlete makes no effort to determine hazards, associated with the sport - When the athlete chooses not to sign the assumption of risk statement - When the athlete is not warned of the dangers associated with participation

When the athlete is not warned of the dangers associated with participation

While reviewing a preparticipation examination medical history, you note an athlete has indicated a previous diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchospasm. He has been using an inhaled beta-2 agonist from a metered-dose inhaler taken 15 to 30 minutes before the onset of each exercise and sport activity session. After speaking with this athlete, you think he needs education on properly using his inhaler. Which of the following should be included in the instructions you provide? - Shake inhaler for at least 45 seconds before use - Exhale through nose for 1 to 3 seconds before placing mouthpiece of inhaler in mouth - While pressing down on the metal cartridge, breathe in slowly as far as you can and then hold your breath as long as possible - Avoid drinking water or eating food for at least 15 minutes after inhalations

While pressing down on the metal cartridge, breathe in slowly as far as you can and then hold your breath as long as possible

To prevent hypothermia, coaches and athletes should be educated on assessing environmental conditions. In addition to air temperature, what environmental factor should coaches and athletes consider when determining athletes' risk for hypothermia? - Pollen count - Wind speed - Dew point - Radiant energy of sun

Wind speed

During your preparticipation screening, you determine that 75% of the athletes on the baseball team have sit and reach scores below normal limits. How would you best use this information? - Instruct the athletes to work on improving their flexibility - Work with the coaches to incorporate flexibility exercises into the team warm-up and cool-down - Meet with the strength and conditioning coach to revise the weight training program - Ask the team nutritionist to conduct a special seminar on hydration and electrolytes

Work with the coaches to incorporate flexibility exercises into the team warm-up and cool-down

Which of the following people should be included in a worksite ergonomic risk assessment? - Worker's direct supervisor, stockholders in the company, and risk management coordinator - Worker, director of human resources, and athletic trainer - Facility nurse, director of human resources, and athletic trainer - Worker, athletic trainer, and occupational therapist - Safety engineer, risk management coordinator, and director of facility security

Worker, athletic trainer, and occupational therapist

Which of the following demonstrates culturally sensitive communication during a preparticipation examination? - Reading medical history questions aloud for persons with limited English proficiency - Understanding that a person's limitations in English proficiency strongly correlate with his or her level of intellectual functioning - Writing all notices and communications in the patient's language of origin - Teaching individuals and families who speak languages other than English key words so that they can better communicate with you

Writing all notices and communications in the patient's language of origin

During preseason soccer training, you post urine color charts in the restrooms with specimen collection cups and request athletes to report their urine color after practice. An athlete reports a urine color of 4 based on the chart pictured. Based on these findings, how would you educate your athlete? (Image on Rozzi pg.104) - You are slightly dehydrated and should consciously consume a few extra cups of water in the next few hours after practice and over the next 24 hours - You are very well hydrated and should follow your normal hydration plan, but be sure you are also getting enough sodium and electrolytes - You are very dehydrated, and we need to review your current hydration plan to determine where additional fluids can be added - You are extremely dehydrated and need to be referred for further evaluation

You are slightly dehydrated and should consciously consume a few extra cups of water in the next few hours after practice and over the next 24 hours