Drug Ed Ch. 11-18 ( Final )
The maximum CNS effect of caffeine is reached about _____ after drinking coffee.
2 hours
Most regular brewed teas have about how much caffeine per cup?
40-60 mg
The psychological effect of LSD was first reported by
Albert Hofmann, the Swiss chemist who developed the drug
The legend of the discovery of coffee relates to
Kaldi and his dancing goats
1-(1- phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine hydrochloride was patented as Sernyl and first tested as
a dissociative anesthetic
Cold viruses are usually transmitted
by hands picking up the viruses and touching your eyes or nose
OTC drugs approved as sleep aids, like Nytol and Sominex,
contain an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine
Drinking 5 or more cups of coffee per day
doubles the risk of a heart attack
_______ usually refers to a sudden increase in the number of users of a particular psychoactive substance
drug epidemic
Heroin became the drug of choice for many opioid users
during the 1920's because it was easier to smuggle the small amounts needed for an effective dose
LSD was synthesized from alkaloids derived from
ergot fungus
In a non drug state, re-experiencing of one or more of the perceptual alterations that occurred during psychedelic intoxication is known as ____
flashback
Theobroma, the genus name for the cacao tree, is Latin for
food of the gods
Many of the capsules, pills, and powders that look like drugs and that consumers think of as drugs are actually classified by the FDA as
food products
The most consistent withdrawal symptom after chronic caffeine use is
headache
Naloxone, nalorphine, and naltrexone are examples of
opioid antagonists
Papaver somniferum is the scientific name for
opium poppy
Starting in 2007, the only FDA-approved OTC weight-control ingredient is
orlistat (allí)
Vicodin and OxyContin are examples of
prescription opioids that are being misused at relatively high rates
The 2006 revised PATRIOT Act required that products containing ______ be kept "behind the counter" and buyers must show identification and sign for their purchase
pseudoephedrine
_____ is the active chemical in psychoactive mushrooms
psilocybin
Psilocybe mexicana and Psilocybe cubensis are examples of
psychoactive mushrooms
Because psychedelic drugs are capable of producing hallucinations and some altered sense of reality, a state that could be called psychotic, they have been referred to as ____ drugs
psychotominetic
Besides hallucination, mescaline also produces
pupil dilatino and increased heart rate and blood pressure
The unique xanthine in chocolate is
theobromine
One important determinant of the behavioral effects of caffeine is
whether the person is a regular user
The U.S. market for over-the-counter drug products totals about
$18 billion
Possession of opium, morphine, or heroin without a prescription was made a crime by
1915 Supreme Court decision
Acetylsalicylic acid was developed in the Bayer laboratory in Germany in 1898 and sold under the brand name
Aspirin
During the 1950s, one U.S. government agency that conducted research with LSD was the
CIA
_____ is defined as a condition that can negatively impact an individual's quality of life, by disrupting sleep, employment, social functioning, and many other routine daily activities
Chronic pain
The largest exporters of coffee to the U.S. are
Colombia, Brazil, and Vietnam
suppose you have a cold and you choose to take Tylenol cold to treat your symptoms. Which of these ingredients in this OTC product is unneccessary
Dextromethorphan
The earliest recorded use of opium as a medicine was probably by
Egyptians, around 1500 BC
Which of the following is a morphine like neurotransmitter found in the brain and adrenals
Enkephalin
which of the following has the highest amount of caffeine per serving
Excedrin Migraine
Which of these opioids is about 100 times as potent as morphine?
Fentanyl
Which of the following acronyms is used by the FDA to mean that, given the currently available information, people who are informed and qualified would agree that an ingredient should be considered harmless
GRAS
What dietary supplement ingredient has been tested for its ability to improve memory in Alzheimer's disease, but has produced only small and unreliable improvements in published research?
Ginkgo biloba
In 1898, Bayer laboratories marketed diacetylmorphine tablets under the brand name
Heroin
Which of the following is the difference between heroin and morphine
Heroin is believed to be more potent and acts faster than morphine
A drug that has been reported to produce an increase in sociability and euphoria, as well as an increase in blood pressure, body temperature, and pulse is:
MDMA
At the current time, most of the heroin in the United States originates from poppy fields in
Mexico
which of the following ingredients is used for cold and sinus remedies
Phenylephrine
Aspirin should not be used with children who have a viral infection because of increased risk of
Reye's syndrome
Which of the following compounds is a naturally occurring substance and acts as a "methyl donor" in a variety of biochemical pathways
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
Which of the following statements is true of the physiological effects of caffeine
The pharmacological effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and the skeletal muscles are probably the basis for the wide use of caffeine-containing beverages
The early LSD researchers who was fired from his academic job, became a proponent of psychedelic drug use, and started a religion in which LSD was the sacrament is
Timothy Leary
______ is a Greek word meaning "yellow," the color of the residue that remains after the substance is heated with nitric acid until dry
Xanthine
One thing that apparently contributed to the spread of opium smoking in China was
a 1644 edict from the emperor forbidding tobacco smoking
The textbook says that opioid withdrawal is similar to
a bad case of intestinal flu
"Black tar" is
a name given heroin from Mexico that is brown or black in its pure form
In hunter-gatherer societies, the shaman or medicine man (or women) was important and not only for understanding what we now call medicine, but also because he or she was
a spiritual, or religious leader
The generic name for Tylenol and Datril is
acetaminophen
Why would you want dextromethorphan in a cold remedy?
acts as a cough suppressant
the catechol psychedelics include mescaline plus a variety of synthetic derivatives of
amphetamine
The FDA was given additional authority over dietary supplements in 2006 to set up
an "adverse Events Reporting" process
Aspirin has analgesic and ____ actions
antipyretic
the combination of two plants, one containing DMT and the other containing hardline was originally used by indigenous cultures in South America and is called
ayahuasca
Caffeine works in the brain by
blocking adenosine receptors
All of the xanthines have similar effects. But which one has the greatest overall effect?
caffeine
The main active ingredient in Red Bull and other energy drinks is
caffeine
The only active ingredient the FDA allows in OTC stimulants is
caffeine
Green, black, and oolong tea are all prepared from leaves of
camellia sinensis
the most common antihistamine to be found in cold remedies is
chlorpheniramine maleate
The result of grinding the kernels of a cacao plant is a thick liquid called
chocolate liqour
DMT, a short-acting psychedelic that is usually ineffective when taken orally, is found in
cohoba snuff
SAMe is a dietary supplement that has some research support for it possible use in treating
depression
There has been some reported abuse by young people of products containing _________, which they take in high doses to produce visual and auditory hallucinations.
dextromethorphan
the mold of Claviceps pvorpurea occasionally grows on grain, especially rye, and eating infected grain results in an illness called, ____, which can cause headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, and gangrene of the fingers and toes
ergotism
LSD and psilocybin belong to the chemical grouping of
indoles
Often people who drink too much alcohol attempt to "sober up" by drinking coffee. Several studies support the idea that caffeine
is likely to lead to increased arousal, but the drinker is still impaired
Heroin is more potent than morphine because
it is more readily crosses the blood-brain barrier
Which of the following is the true of the opiod fentanyl
it is used primarily in conjunction with surgical anesthesia
Which of the following statements is true of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994
it redefined dietary supplements to include a variety of substances such as herbs, amino acids and concentrates and extracts of herbs
The textbook suggests that consumers are best able to choose from among the wide variety of OTC products by
knowing a fairly small number of ingredient names
The 16th century European physician Paracelsus, and later Dr. Thomas Sydenham promoted the use of:
laudanum
caffeine has been shown to be an effective treatment for
migraine headaches
A close relative of LSD, d-lysergic acid amide, is found naturally in
morning glories and Hawaiian baby woodroses
The two major active chemicals in opium are
morphine and codeine
NSAID stands for
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
by the beginning of the 20th century, a greater percentage of Americans were addicted to opioids than at any time before or since. Opium smoking and medical use of injected pure morphine were important contributors to this, along with
patent medicines containing opium extracts morphine
in the 18th century, English coffeehouses were referred to as
penny universities
The Native American church of the U.S. includes aspects of Christianity and uses _____ as a sacrament
peyote
Although LSD has complex effects in the brain, the best evidence indicates that its hallucinogenic properties are due to stimulating
serotonin-2A receptors
the focus of early research on LSD centered on its
supposed ability to access the subconscious mind
The sensation of experiencing sounds as pictures, or of seeing movements produced by musical rhythms, is known as
synesthesia
which of the following acts established a classification of drugs that would be available only by prescribtion
the 1938 Food, drug, and cosmetic act
which of the following most accurately describes recent psilocybin research
the actor effects on mystical experiences
The Opium War of 1839-1842 resulted, among other things, in
the island of Hong Kong becoming a British possession
in 1909, the FDA seized some Coca-Cola syrup and filed charges against the company partly because:
the syrup contained caffeine
The early history of coffee included a 1674 pamphlet from England titled
the women petition against coffee
which of the following xanthines has almost no stimulant effect on the central nervous system and the skeletal muscles
theobromine
_______ is prescribed to asthma sufferers because it relaxes bronchial passages
theophylline
According to current FDA rules on "cola" drinks
they cannot contain more than 6 mg caffeine per ounce
enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins are
three classes of endogenous chemicals that have effects similar to morphine
If you buy a bottle of St. John's wort 300 mg tablets, each tablet will contain 300 mg
total tablet weight, with an unknown amount of plant material or ingredients
The major medical use for opioids is pain relief, and they have been used to save many lives because of their ability to
treat diarrhea
The world's greatest per-capita consumers of tea are found in
turkey
Because of the way the FDA reviews and approves OTC drugs,
various brands of a given type of remedy usually contain the same few active ingredients
