Drugs & Drug Policy Chapter 3 & 4 Study Guide
In the original Coca-Cola drink, what did the "Coca" and "Cola" represent?
"Coca" - Cocaine "Cola" - (Kola) Caffeine
What was the "St. Valentine's Day Massacre"?
4 men dressed in police uniform "arrested" 7 of Bugs Moran gang and line them up against wall and killed them
In a 2004 study of state prison inmates, what percentage of property crime offenders committed crime to get money for more drugs?
40%
In the 1800s, how did public views change regarding drinking alcohol? a. How did this effect alcohol consumption?
Bad a. Plummeted
What is meant by the "Roaring Twenties"?
Became one of wildest period in U.S. History
What Black gangs are associated with the colors red and blue?
Blood & Crips
What is meant by "moonshiner"?
Brewed liquor in rural area, smuggled it into cities
What is a "psychopharmacological crime"? a. What are some example?
Crime committed while perpetrator under the influence of drug (or withdrawal symptons) a. Assault, domestic, vandalism, DWI
What are the 3 models of the drug/crime connection presented in the textbook? a. What are the basic principles of each?
Enslavement model - Poverty & hardship force people into crime & drug use. Predisposition model - Criminal activity & then drug activity. Criminals run social subcultures where drug use is accepted & encourage Intensification model - Criminal behavior leads to drugs use. Drug use - intensifies criminal behavior.
In the 1800s, why did some politicians oppose federal laws regulating drugs?
Federal laws were politically suspect as infringing on States' rights.
What is meant by "Laissez-Faire"?
Free market - No government interference
What is meant by "drug-using lifestyle"?
General deviant lifestyle
Who was Henry Anslinger? a. What was his philosophy about Marijuana?
Head of FBN a. Marijuana led to murder, insanity, sexual promiscuity
What are 5 common OMGs in Texas?
Hells Angels Outlaws Bandidos Pagans Cossacks
What is a "speakeasy"?
Organized crime ran hidden saloons
What is another name for "Structuring"?
Smurfing
In the 1800s, what type of regulation did the U.S have for a. The medical field? b. The pharmaceutical industry?
There was none
In the 1700s, what was the original goal of the temperance movement in the United States?
To reduce alcohol consumption & drunkenness
What is meant by "revenuer"?
Treasury agents from the Prohibition Bureau
What was the cultural attitude toward Cocaine in the U.S> during the 1800s?
Widely accepted
In the late 1890s, half of drug addiction cases were...?
Women on morphine
What was the WCTU? What was it's goal?
Women's Christian Temperance Union Total prohibit of alcohol
What year was the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act enacted? a. What did it do? b. Who enforced it? c. What was an unintended result of the Act?
a. Heavy taxes placed on opiates & Cocaine b. Treasury Department c. Narcotics black market for organized crime
Is there a clear causation between alcohol use and crime?
yes
Is there a clear correlation between alcohol use and being a victim of crime?
yes
Is there a clear correlation between alcohol use and crime?
yes (with psychoactive stimulants)
In the U.S., what percentage of people arrested are women?
15%
What % of federal prisoners are serving time for a drug-defined offense? a. What % of female prisoners?
15% (1.6 million) a. 59%
When was the Volstead Act passed? What did it create?
1919 Prohibition Bureau
What year was the 18th Amendment ratified? a. What did it prohibit? b. Were there any exceptions?
1919 a. Production, transport, & sale of intoxicating liquors b. religion
What year was the Federal Narcotics Bureau formed? a. Which agency was it a part of? b. What was its focus?
1930 a. Treasury Department b. Opium & Heroin smuggling
What year was the 21st Amendment passed? What did it do?
1933 End Prohibition
Ina 1996 study of Crack Cocaine users, what was the average number of crimes/day per user? a. What percentage of these crimes resulted in arrests?
28 offenses a. Less than < 1%
In a 1990, study of Crack Cocaine users, what % engaged in armed robbery?
59%
What was "Reefer Madness"?
A movie - Claimed Marijuana used led to violent crime & sexual orges
What were the main provisions of the Narcotics Control Act of 1956?
Added death penalty for certain drugs crimes
What was public opinion regarding Prohibition in the early 1930s? a. What major event in 1929 influence public opinion? b. Did Franklin Roosevelt agree?
Against a. Stock market b. Yes
Do states always agree with the federal government on drug laws? a. Do they always agree with other states?
Agree in most cases a. Some states disagree
What did the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act require of manufacturers?
All foods & drugs must list ingredients
What is ADAM II finds? a. What correlation did ADAM II find?
Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring a.
What are 4 common White gangs?
Aryan Brotherhood Aryan Circle Nazi Lowriders 211 Crew
What happened at the Twin Peaks restaurant in Waco, Texas, in 2015?
Bandidos & Cossacks argued over right to wear "Texas bottom rocker" patches on vests
What are 3 common Black gangs?
Bloods, Crips, Gangster Disciples
Which U.S. government agency monitors international money laundering?
Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement
What are the 4 methods of money laundering mentioned in the textbook?
Cash-based businesses Structuring (Smurfing) Offshore Banking Digital Currency Exchange
How did the 1950s-53 Korean War effect public opinion about illegal drug use?
China sell Opium & Heroin Anti-American
What is an "economically compulsive crime"? a. What are some examples?
Commit crimes to get money to buy more drugs a. Robbery, burglary, theft, embezzlement
What is a "systemic crime"? a. What are some examples?
Crimes committed as part of drug trafficking/drug culture a. money laundering, bribery, violence against other drug-dealer/users & gang violence to establish/defend drug selling territory
According to the textbook, what are the 4 stages of a drug selling business?
Cultivation/Manufacturing Importation Wholesale Distribution Retail Distribution
In the early 1900s, how did Collier's Weekly magazine effect public attitudes towards drugs?
Dangers of Unregulated medicines
What is DCE?
Digital Currency Exchange
The textbook divides the drugs/crime relationship into what 3 categories?
Drug-define Drug-related Drug-using
By 2017, did a majority of Americans favor or oppose the legalization of Marijuana?
Favor
How did Upton Sinclair's book "The Jungle" effect public attitudes toward government regulation?
Filthy conditions in Meat-packing industry
What is FinCEN?
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
What are the basic requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970?
Financial institutions must report all transactions $10,000+ to the IRS. Must identify depositors and sources of money
What are the 2 models of retail distribution? a. How do they differ?
Freelance model - No previously established business relationship. Not part of large-scale network. Indep. sellers & buyers. Cash sales only. Price negotiable. Anonymity. Business model - Hierarchical business organization. 1 wholesaler. Money flows back.
Who helps prison gangs get contraband into prisons?
Guards
What are dome risk factors that can lead to a drug-using lifestyle?
Lack of family attachment/support, missing fathers, antisocial personality, criminal history. lack of education, criminal attitudes
Who was Carrie Nation? What was she famous for?
Leader of WCTU Attacking saloons with a hatchet
in 1970, The CSA Commission made what recommendation to President Nixon regarding Marijuana? a. What was Nixon's response?
Less serious threat a. Small amounts should be allowed for personal use
What did the 1951 Boggs Act establish?
Mandatory minimum sentences 1st establish
What is the most common drug possession arrest?
Marijuana
What law was passed in 1937 that regulated Marijuana? a. How did it work?
Marijuana Tax Act a. Placed very high tax on Marijuana
Which was the last state to end statewide prohibition? What year?
Mississippi 1966
Who was Al Capone?
Mobster "owned" Chicago
Who was Bugs Moran?
Mobster - Capon's rival and enemy
What law made money laundering illegal?
Money Laundering Control Act pf 1986
In the late 1800s, what was "Soldier's Disease"?
Morphine addiction
What does NORML standfor? a. What did they ask the DEA to do? b. What was the DEA's response?
National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws a. To classify Marijuana b. Rejected
What was the goal of the Anti-Saloon League?
National Prohibition of alcohol
In the 1800s, did the American Temperance Union support this same goal?
No
Did the 21st Amendment end Prohibition in Texas?
No Allow 3.2 beer
What is a "bootlegger"?
Operate hidden stills to make illegal liquor
In the early 1900s, The U.S. became increasingly concerned about what Chinese import?
Opium being imported
who was Eliot Ness? a. What group did he lead?
Organized team of prohibition agents with reputation for honesty and refusal to take bribes The Untouchables
What is an OMG? a. In what part of the county are OMGs more common?
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs a. Western U.S.
What are the 2 major perspectives on drug regulation that are addressed in the textbook? a. What is the difference?
Public Health & Public Safety a. Health - Addressed by Health Professionals Safety - Criminal justice officials
What was the cultural attitude toward Cocaine in the U.S. during the 1900s?
Rejected Cocaine
Which of the 5 schedules of drugs have a high potential for abuse?
Schedule 2 & 3
How many Schedules are in the CSA? a. Which one is the most dangerous?
Schedules 5 a. Schedule 1
What did the 1939 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act require of manufacturers? a. Who enforced it?
Show research studies that products were safe a. FDA
What are 5 common Hispanic gangs operation in Texas? a. Which one has members mostly from El Salvador and Central America?
Texas Syndicate, Tango Blast, Mexican Mafia, MS-13, Latin Kings, & Barrio Azteca a. MS-13
What international convention was held in 1912? Where was it held? What was its purpose?
The Hague, Netherlands Regulation of narcotics & opium produces
Where are street gangs more common?
Urban areas
How did U.S. law enforcement in the 1920s compare to Mexican law enforcement of today?
Very corrupt - bought off by moonshiner Very corrupt - bought off by drug dealers
What is a "drug-defined crime"?
Violation of Law prohibiting manufacture/distribution/possession of drugs
What is a "drug-related crime"?
Violation of other (non-drug) laws
Did Al Capone ever go to prison? a. What for? b. What prison?
Yes a. Tax evasion b. Alcatraz
What does YRBS stand for? a. What correlation did the YRBS find?
Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance a. Higher reported use of alcohol, Marijuana, & Cocaine correlated with higher levels of violence & weapon use
What was the general public attitude after WW2 toward a. Alcohol? b. Cigarettes? . Illegal drugs?
a. Accepted b. Accepted c. Only bad people
What does the Bible teach about a. Drinking alcohol? b. Drunkenness? c. Drinking in front of others? d. Drinking by leaders?
a. Allows Christians to drink for medical reasons. Sometimes portrays alcohol as something good & enjoyable. b. Forbids drunkenness. c. Forbids drinking if it offends fellow believers. d. Forbids that drinking is often dangerous & unwise.
Which gender is more likely to be in prison for a. Violent crimes? b. Property crimes? c. Drug crimes?
a. Men b. Women c. Women
What are some grouping problems identified with the ADAM II study regarding a. Drug metabolites? b. Marijuana/Synthetic Marijuana? c. Heroin? d. Psychoactive stimulants?
a. Present in urine/blood long after "high" wears off b. Mellow (less violent) / paranoid, agitated, suicidal (more violent) c. Passive & sleepy (less violent) d. More aggressive/violent
What is CBD? a. What Schedule is it in?
a. Schedule 5
How did Coca-Cola deceive temperance movement supporters?
marketed as nonalcoholic for them
Are prison gangs limited to prisons?
no
How do offshore banks respond to U.S. government requests for bank account information?
no reporting requirements & refuse to cooperate in financial investigations
Which of the 5 Schedules have no accepted medical use?
schedule 1
