Dynamic Earth: Volcanoes

Which event causes a volcanic eruption? magma turning into lava water being heated by magma explosions occurring in magma chambers magma cutting through older rocks

explosions occurring in magma chambers

Which phrase describes a volcano that is not expected to erupt again? quiet volcano extinct volcano dormant volcano explosive volcano

extinct volcano

Fill in the blank to describe the work of Ben Kennedy, a volcanologist who works in New Zealand. To learn more about why his pumice sample was shrinking, Ben Kennedy studied _____.

foam

David Fee studies sound waves so deep and low that humans cannot hear them. What are these low frequencies called? infrared seismology geosound infrasound

infrasound

Which phrase describes a sill? - fills in valleys and rivers - is a hardened magma intrusion - cuts vertically through older rock layers - is built up by numerous eruptions over thousands of years

is a hardened magma intrusion

Which type of volcanic mountain has wide, gentle slopes? rift shield composite cinder cone

shield

Which phrase describes a lava plateau? steep-sided mountain gently sloping mountain hardened magma in a pipe volcanic material in valleys

volcanic material in valleys

A volcano that has not erupted in a very long time suddenly has a plume of steam coming from it. Which best describes this volcano? was dormant and is now active was quiet and is now active was extinct and is now explosive was dormant and is now explosive

was dormant and is now active

How do volcanoes function as a disruptive force? Check all that apply. - force people to flee their homes - cause massive earthquakes - pollute the air with volcanic smoke - provide fertile soil for plant growth - make airplanes fly around ash clouds

- force people to flee their homes - pollute the air with volcanic smoke - make airplanes fly around ash clouds

Which tasks does a volcanologist do to study volcanoes? Check all that apply. - use autoclaves to imitate the interior of a volcano - simulate volcanic explosions with computer programs - study lava samples - listen to the sounds of the interior of a volcano - provide daily vog forecasts on TV news

- use autoclaves to imitate the interior of a volcano - simulate volcanic explosions with computer programs - study lava samples - listen to the sounds of the interior of a volcano

Which statement describes divergent boundaries? - Divergent boundaries are found only on land. - Subduction occurs at divergent boundaries. - Plates move toward each other at divergent boundaries. - Magma flows from cracks in the crust at divergent boundaries.

Magma flows from cracks in the crust at divergent boundaries.

Which describes pressure during a volcanic eruption? - Pressure increases as magma rises. - Pressure traps dissolved gases in magma. - Pressure increases until the volcano explodes. - Pressure from rocks above causes new rocks to form.

Pressure traps dissolved gases in magma.

Which statement describes convergent boundaries? Rifts form. Subduction occurs. Plates push away from each other. Mid-ocean ridges mark locations.

Subduction occurs.

Which statement explains what happens as magma rises inside a volcano? Gases will contract in the chamber. The pressure of the gas will disappear. The magmatic pressure decreases. Magma moves to other chambers.

The magmatic pressure decreases.

A volcano erupts, and lava flows down a mountainside. Which statement best describes this eruption? - This is a quiet eruption caused by low-viscosity magma. - This is an explosive eruption caused by high-viscosity magma. - This is a quiet eruption with lava spewing out violently. - This is an explosive eruption during which gases bubble out gently.

This is a quiet eruption caused by low-viscosity magma.

Which feature forms when magma cools beneath Earth's surface? geysers calderas batholiths vents

batholiths

Fill in the blank to describe the work of Ben Kennedy, a volcanologist who works in New Zealand. Foam is similar to pumice because both are full of air _____.

bubbles

Earth's surface is constantly changed by erosion and deposition. Erosion breaks down Earth's surface by carrying materials away from an area. Deposition builds up Earth's surface when these materials are deposited in an area over time. Which landform results when erosion occurs during volcanic eruptions, but deposition does not directly contribute to creating the landform? volcanic soil cinder cone caldera lava plateau

caldera

Complete the statement about Steven Businger's work with volcanoes in Hawaii: Steven Businger helped develop a _____ that predicts how this smoke spreads. research database computer model research paper

computer model

Which feature is created on the exterior of a volcano when it erupts? magma chamber crater hot spot boundary

crater

Which word identifies one stage of volcanic activity? dormant explosive underground quiet

dormant

What causes the force that pushes magma from the magma chamber through the pipe and vent of a volcano? gravity water flow expanding gases convergent boundaries

expanding gases

Mount St. Helens is a volcano that erupted with great force in 1980. Which phrase best describes this eruption? quiet eruption gentle lava flows magma low in silica high-viscosity magma

high-viscosity magma

Conduction is the transfer of heat between substances with different temperatures. Heat moves from the warmer to the cooler substance through direct contact. Which feature forms as a result of conduction between magma and water? dike hot spring caldera batholith

hot spring

Erosion and deposition constantly change Earth's surface. Erosion carries natural materials like rock and soil from one place to another. Through deposition, these natural materials may be deposited in areas where they build up over time. Which landform results from the deposition of materials in a valley during volcanic eruptions? sill mud pot caldera lava plateau

lava plateau

Which feature forms at a divergent boundary? rift valley island arc subduction zone collision zone

rift valley

Complete the statement about Steven Businger's work with volcanoes in Hawaii: To model the smoke conditions, scientists measure the amount of _____ gas a volcano is spewing. sulfur carbonate carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide

sulfur dioxide

Fill in the blank to describe the work of Ben Kennedy, a volcanologist who works in New Zealand. Kennedy found that the shrinking had to do with molten rock's surface ______, which is the force that holds a droplet of water together.

tension

Complete the statement about Steven Businger's work with volcanoes in Hawaii: Volcanoes release a hazy smoke called ____. ash vog dust

vog