EAPS 105: Homework 5

5.11. In Wikipedia, look up "Types of volcanic eruptions" and answer this question: Which is the calmest type of volcanic event? A) Hawaiian B) Strombolian C) Vulcanian D) Plinian

A) Hawaiian

5.12. In Wikipedia, look up "Types of volcanic eruptions" and answer this question: Which is the most explosive type of volcanic eruption? A) Hawaiian B) Strombolian C) Vulcanian D) Plinian

D) Plinian

5.13. In Wikipedia, look up "Soft drink", read the intro and then scroll down to "Carbonated drinks" and answer this question: Carbonated drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide, mean that the carbon dioxide is in liquid form due to them being under pressure. What happens when the pressure is removed? (In case you are wondering, this process is exactly analogous to what happens to dissolved gas in magma when the pressure on the magma is reduced.) A) The carbonated drink explodes. B) The carbon dioxide is released from the solution as small bubbles. C) The temperature drops. D) The carbon dioxide disappears.

B) The carbon dioxide is released from the solution as small bubbles.

5.7. In Wikipedia, look up "Viscosity" and answer this question: What is viscosity a measure of? A) The surface tension of a fluid B) The resistance of a fluid to flow C) The buoyancy of a fluid D) The melting temperature of a fluid

B) The resistance of a fluid to flow

5.5. In Wikipedia, look up "Ring of Fire" and answer this question: What is the ring of fire? A) A region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions occur. B) A ring of lava caused when a lava pours down evenly on all sides of a volcano. C) A ring-shaped ash cloud that occurs because of convection currents in the atmosphere. D) A ring of fire caused when a burning ember from a volcanic explosion ignites a grass fire.

A) A region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions occur.

5.8. In Wikipedia, look up "Shield volcano" and answer this question: What is the viscosity of the lava that forms shield volcanoes? A) Low viscosity (highly fluid) B) Medium viscosity C) High viscosity (very sticky)

A) Low viscosity (highly fluid)

5.4. In Wikipedia, look up "Volcanic arc" and answer this question: In which tectonic settings is magma caused by water lowering the melting temperature of rock? A) Subduction zones B) Mid-ocean ridges C) Hot spots D) All the above

A) Subduction zones

5.17. In Wikipedia, look up "Caldera" and answer this question: How does a volcanic caldera form? A) An explosive eruption blows out the surface of a volcano leaving a crater behind. B) A large depression in the ground results from the surface falling into an emptying magma chamber. C) Fast moving lava carves out a valley on the side of a volcano. D) An explosive eruption causes a massive landslide on the flank of a volcano powered by escaping hot gas.

B) A large depression in the ground results from the surface falling into an emptying magma chamber.

5.9. In Wikipedia, look up "Tephra" and answer this question: What is Tephra? A) Lava flows made of up clinkers (porous lava rocks that clink when they make contact) B) Fragmental material (as opposed to lava) produced by a volcanic eruption C) Ash that has been fused into solid rock D) A steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments

B) Fragmental material (as opposed to lava) produced by a volcanic eruption

5.14. In Wikipedia, look up "Flood basalt" and answer this question: What is a flood basalt? A) It is a flood that results when lava dams up a river. B) It is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that covers large stretches of land or ocean floor with basalt lava. C) It is a type of lava that is particularly low in viscosity and thus flows like water. D) It refers to lava that comes out of fissures instead of volcanoes.

B) It is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that covers large stretches of land or ocean floor with basalt lava.

5.1. In Wikipedia, look up "Lava" and answer this question: What is the difference between lava and magma? A) The two terms have the same meaning. B) Magma is melted rock beneath the surface, lava is melted rock extruded onto the surface. C) Lava is melted rock beneath the surface, magma is melted rock extruded onto the surface. D) Lava is a specific kind of magma that has a ropy texture.

B) Magma is melted rock beneath the surface, lava is melted rock extruded onto the surface.

5.10. In Wikipedia, look up "Stratovolcano" and answer this question: How do stratovolcanoes formed? A) By successive lava flows B) By successive piles tephra C) By alternate lava flows and tephra D) By the collapse of the magma chamber

C) By alternate lava flows and tephra

5.3. In Wikipedia, look up "Magma", read the intro and then scroll down to "Effects of water and carbon dioxide", and answer this question: What does the addition of water to hot rocks in the mantle cause? A) It causes their temperature to decrease B) It causes their temperature to increase C) It causes their melting (solidus) temperature to decrease D) It causes their melting (solidus) temperature to increase

C) It causes their melting (solidus) temperature to decrease

5.16. In Wikipedia, look up "Olympus Mons" and answer this question: Which of the following is not a true statement about Olympus Mons? A) It is almost 22 km in height (two and a half times that of Mt. Everest) B) It is the largest and tallest volcano in the Solar System. C) It is currently erupting. D) It is a shield volcano.

C) It is currently erupting.

5.15. In Wikipedia, look up "Venus", read the intro and then scroll down to "Volcanism", and answer this question: Which of the following is not a true statement about volcanism on Venus? A) Venus has several times as many volcanoes as Earth. B) Venus' surface is 300-600 million years old (meaning that there has not been significant volcanism since that time). C) Venus is currently much more volcanically active than Earth. D) Venus has far more giant volcanos (over 100 km across) compare to Earth.

C) Venus is currently much more volcanically active than Earth.

5.2. In Wikipedia, look up "Magma", read the intro and then scroll down to "Decompression", and answer this question: What is decompression melting? A) When adding water to rocks lowers their melting temperature B) When increasing the temperature of rocks leads to melting C) When decreasing the pressure on rocks lowers their melting temperature D) All the above

C) When decreasing the pressure on rocks lowers their melting temperature

5.19. In Wikipedia, look up "Cryovolcano" and answer this question: What is a cryovolcano? A) A volcano that occurs on a moon as opposed to a planet. B) A volcano with no topography that occurs on planets where the lava is very fluid. C) Am impact crater covered by a volcanic flow that leaves behind a ghost impression of the buried crater. D) A type of volcano that erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia, or methane instead of melted rock.

D) A type of volcano that erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia, or methane instead of melted rock.

5.20. In Wikipedia, look up "Enceladus" and answer this question: Which of the following statements about Enceladus is not accurate? A) It has more than 100 geysers that erupt water vapor. B) Some of the erupting water vapor escapes and supplies most of the material making up Saturn's E ring. C) Enceladus is thought to have a subsurface ocean. D) All the above are accurate statements.

D) All the above are accurate statements.

5.18. In Wikipedia, look up "Eruption column", read the intro and then scroll down to "Structure", and answer this question: An explosive volcanic eruption creates a rising column of material that evolves due to several processes. Which of the following is not one of those processes? A) Material is violently forced upward out of the crater by the pressure of rapidly expanding gases. B) Convection carries hot, buoyant material to higher altitudes. C) When the rises column cools sufficiently to no longer be buoyant, it ceases to rise and instead spreads out into what is called the umbrella region. D) All the above are components of an eruption column.

D) All the above are components of an eruption column.

5.6. In Wikipedia, look up "Hotspot (geology)" and answer this question: Why do hot spots lead to a chain of volcanoes? A) Because hot spots are constantly moving B) Because hot spot lava generally flows in one direction C) Because hot spot magma chambers form as a long line D) Because tectonics plates move over stationary hot spots

D) Because tectonics plates move over stationary hot spots