Early Childhood Praxis

Simplify: 14 - 2 × 5 1.) 4 2.) 60 3.) 24 4.) -60

1.) 4

Which of the following activities would be most appropriate to demonstrate proper school behavior for a kindergarten theatre class? 1.) A puppet show that demonstrates a conflict between two students who are reluctant to share toys 2.) A one-act play that demonstrates the long-term consequences of a student's inability to complete homework assignments 3.) A one-act play that discusses the consequences of drug use 4.) A multiple scene play that discusses the importance of sexual abstinence

1.) A puppet show that demonstrates a conflict between two students who are reluctant to share toys

Which of the following will best support early elementary students in the prewriting stage of the writing process? 1.) Allowing students to use verbal communication to organize their thoughts 2.) Reviewing the first draft of each student's writing 3.) Modeling the proper way to organize writing resources 4.) Working with upper elementary students to provide student-reviews and student guidance on brainstorming

1.) Allowing students to use verbal communication to organize their thoughts

As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a teacher writes the following definition on the board:An object or feature of a landscape or town that is easily seen and recognized from a distance The teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students wrote the correct word? 1.) Caroline, who wrote "landmark" 2.) Mia, who wrote "map" 3.) James, who wrote "compass rose" 4.) Robert, who wrote "rural"

1.) Caroline, who wrote "landmark"

A kindergarten teacher is going to read a story about two children visiting the aquarium. Which of the following activities is the best way to introduce the text to promote comprehension? 1.) Complete a KWL chart 2.) Listen to the story on audio 3.) Have students write about their own experiences with aquatic animals 4.) Find the aquarium on a map

1.) Complete a KWL chart

A second-grade teacher wants to help students apply safety procedures and protocols to protect themselves from potential dangers faced both inside and outside the school. Which of the following activities would best promote this goal? 1.) Practicing appropriate safety skills and decision-making for situations that students said were confusing or uncomfortable 2.) Having students write down a ten-step plan that can be used by the school in case of fire 3.) Creating a list of safety rules and protocols to follow when interacting with strangers in public places 4.) Reviewing recent newspaper articles that tell dangerous situations faced by young children

1.) Practicing appropriate safety skills and decision-making for situations that students said were confusing or uncomfortable

Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? 1.) A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation 2.) A guess of what might happen based upon observations 3.) A summary of the results of an experiment 4.) A possible explanation for an observation or problem that can be further tested by experimentation

4.) A possible explanation for an observation or problem that can be further tested by experimentation

A first grade teacher asks students to pick an object in the classroom and then describe how far away three other objects are from the first object. The teacher then invites students to present their descriptions to the class. Which of the following learning objectives is this most likely to promote? 1.) Students' understanding of absolute location 2.) Students' understanding of relative location 3.) Students' understanding of data interpretation 4.) Students' understanding of geographic terminology

2.) Students' understanding of relative location

A prekindergarten teacher assesses a student by asking questions based on the following scenario: The teacher says, "Listen to me as I say some words very slowly. If I say /c/ /at/, you know the word is 'cat'. What would the word be if I said /d/ /og/?" This teacher is assessing what skill? 1.) Deleting final sounds 2.) Blending Phonemes 3.) Print Awareness 4.) Listening Comprehension

2.) blending phonemes

Climate is different than weather, because weather: 1.) depends on the angle of the sun's rays. 2.) changes on a daily basis. 3.) is the average weather conditions for an extended period of time. 4.) is the measurement of air movement.

2.) changes on a daily basis.

Which of the following sentences best demonstrates active listening? 1.) "I liked the movie because of all the famous actors and action sequences." 2.) "How could you not like the movie?" 3.) "John thinks the movie overlooked the plot in favor of extended action sequences." 4.) "I will write on my blog that the movie was entertaining."

3.) "John thinks the movie overlooked the plot in favor of extended action sequences."

Which of the following best describes the human digestive system? 1.) A system of organs that provides for food storage in the body 2.) A group of similar organs connected by a network of blood vessels 3.) A continuous tube of organs that performs different functions 4.) A group of similar organs that functions independently

3.) A continuous tube of organs that performs different functions

According to current research, which of the following best promotes student participation in lifelong physical activity? 1.) Learning how to play a popular sport 2.) Playing on a team that regularly wins 3.) Acquiring the skills needed to participate in a variety of physical activities 4.) Introducing the students to proper exercise form, such as a proper push-up technique and a proper squatting technique

3.) Acquiring the skills needed to participate in a variety of physical activities

Read the sentence below and answer the question: Even though the man laughed, he said he did not like the play. The sentence is an example of which of the following? 1.) Simple sentence 2.) Compound sentence 3.) Complex sentence 4.) Compound-complex sentence

3.) Complex sentence

Which of the following includes all five biomes? 1.) Rainforests, savannas, deserts, forests, and ice packs 2.) Insects, snakes, reptiles, mammals, and marsupials 3.) Forests, aquatic, grasslands, deserts, and tundras 4.) Humans, birds, plants, monkeys, and primates

3.) Forests, aquatic, grasslands, deserts, and tundras

All living things have certain commonalities. For example, the survival of all living things is dependent upon air, water, shelter, and which of the following? 1.) Carbon dioxide 2.) Warm temperature 3.) Nutrition 4.) Sexual reproduction

3.) Nutrition

Jose bought lunch for himself and his brother and sister. His lunch cost $4.75, his brother's was $3.70, and his little sister's was $2.25. How much change should Jose receive from his $20 bill? 1.) One 5 dollar bill, four 1 dollar bills, two quarters, and two dimes 2.) Two 5 dollar bills, two quarters, one dime, and one nickel 3.) One 5 dollar bill, four 1 dollar bills, one quarter, and one nickel 4.) One 5 dollar bill, four 1 dollar bills, one quarter, three dimes, and three nickels

3.) One 5 dollar bill, four 1 dollar bills, one quarter, and one nickel

Which of the following is a responsibility of citizenship? 1.) Running for office 2.) Serving in the military 3.) Paying taxes 4.) Voting in elections

3.) Paying taxes

Which of the following statements about reading instruction is most accurate? 1.) Students who do not ask for individualized reading instruction should not be provided individualized reading instruction 2.) It is best to assess students' reading comprehension through formal assessments 3.) Reading comprehension is increased when reading fluency is increased 4.) Reading should be taught to students by separating individual concepts and addressing each concept separately

3.) Reading comprehension is increased when reading fluency is increased

Which of the following is least important to the development and shaping of cultures? 1.) Interactions of people and ideals 2.) The geography of the region 3.) Types of food consumed 4.) Traditions written and passed down through history

3.) Types of food consumed

A first-grade teacher is working with her students to study and categorize animals. The teacher wants to categorize animals as sea animals, pets, or wild animals. Which of the following will best display the information? 1.) A flow chart 2.) A bar graph 3.) A line graph 4.) A concept map

4.) A concept map

What is the main difference between equality and equity? 1.) Equality is giving everyone the tools they need to be successful; equity is treating everyone the same 2.) There is no difference between equality and equity. 3.) Equality is only referenced to on social issues; equity is only referenced to on monetary issues 4.) Equality is treating everyone the same; equity is giving everyone the tools they need to be successful

4.) Equality is treating everyone the same; equity is giving everyone the tools they need to be successful

A kindergarten class is learning about seasons. What would be the best way to incorporate art with this lesson? 1.) Have the students draw exact representations of what they see 2.) Use a high-power camera to trace professional images of the weather 3.) Use the inspiration of nature to create 3D sculpture of life-sized objects 4.) Gather leaves, twigs, and other organic material with various textures to create rubbings using warm or cool colors to indicate the weather

4.) Gather leaves, twigs, and other organic material with various textures to create rubbings using warm or cool colors to indicate the weather

Sarah, a new preschool student, does not talk or play with other students during recess. Which of the following strategies will best help her develop interpersonal relationships? 1.) Modeling how to effectively enter play with others 2.) Encouraging Sarah to make new friends 3.) Giving her a soccer ball to play with 4.) Identifying a student to be Sarah's recess buddy

4.) Identifying a student to be Sarah's recess buddy

Which of the following is a major difference between the Earth and the sun? 1.) Shape 2.) Rotation on an axis 3.) Hotter in the center than the surface 4.) Size

4.) Size

Which of the following criteria is the most important when assessing reading comprehension? A.) Ability to spell inventively B.) Ability to decode new words C.) Ability to identify the main idea D.) Ability to recognize rhyming patterns

C.) Ability to identify the main idea

Which of the following dental topics is developmentally appropriate for toddlers? A.) Growth of permanent teeth B.) Correct use of incisors while eating C.) Correct toothbrushing technique D.) Evolution of the human tooth

C.) Correct toothbrushing technique

After a visit to a rescue squad, Ms. Espinosa asks her 3 yr old students to help her write a thank you letter to the rescue squad employees. She records the students' responses on a large sheet of chart paper as the students share their ideas. While writing, Ms. Espinosa focuses the students' attention on several early literacy skills. Which of the following is the most appropriate focus for 3-year-old students? A.) Paraphrasing ideas B.) Spelling words correctly C.) Expressing speech in print D.) Capitalizing proper nouns

C.) Expressing speech in print

A third grade teacher provides groups of students with standard sets of fraction pieces. The teacher displays a fraction circle piece representing 1/2 and then asks the students to use other fraction pieces identical to each other but different from the one that represents 1/2 to model the 1/2 piece. which of the following is most likely the primary purpose of the activity? A.) Ordering unit fractions B.) Adding rational numbers C.) Finding equivalent fractions D.) Converting fractions to percents

C.) Finding equivalent fractions

A teacher provides support for small, flexible groups of beginning readers. As students read a text or a book that is unfamiliar to them, the teacher works with the students to teach them how to use a variety of reading strategies. Which of the following reading approaches is described? A.) Direct instruction B.) Literature Circle C.) Guided reading D.) Read-aloud

C.) Guided reading

A preschool teacher is teaching students to forward roll. Which of the following is a problem most characteristic of preschoolers' forward rolling? A.) Keeping the chin tucked B.) Keeping the knees and hips flexed C.) Losing the curl D.) Using the hands to cushion the head contact

C.) Losing the curl

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? A.) Tearing up a piece of paper B.) Melting Ice C.) Mixing vinegar with baking soda D.) Filling a balloon with air

C.) Mixing vinegar with baking soda

An elementary school student is able to follow fast and slow songs by playing appropriate rhythm patterns on the drum. Which of the following attributes of music does the student understand? A.) Dynamics B.) Pitch C.) Tempo D.) Harmony

C.) Tempo

Students in a fourth-grade science class are learning about processes that change Earth's surface. Which of the following is the best example of an agent that gradually shapes Earth's surface by taking bits of rock, soil, and other substances away from their original locations and depositing them in other locations? A.) Fire B.) Lightning C.) Water D.) Sunlight

C.) Water

Which of the following statements best illustrates active listening on the part of a second-grade teacher who is helping a student solve a personal problem? A.) "I have gathered the facts, and I know what really happened." B.) "I understand you, and I know what is best for you." C.) "I believe you understood the class rules." D.) "I respect you as a person with your own ideas and feelings."

D.) "I respect you as a person with your own ideas and feelings."

A preschool teacher has each of the ten students in the class pick their favorite color of sticky note from red, yellow, and blue notes. Students then work with the teacher to create a chart of their color selections. Which of the following math skills does the activity best reinforce? A.) Pattern recognition B.) Conservation of numbers C.) Intuitive concept of chance D.) Data collection, organization, and display

D.) Data collection, organization, and display

A second-grade teacher has each student select a card at random that is marked with a three-digit number. Students then model their numbers with base ten blocks on a place value mat. Which of the following whole number concepts does the lesson best reinforce? A.) Comparing quantities B.) Describing quantities C.) Ordering quantities D.) Decomposing quantities

D.) Decomposing quantities

A prekindergarten teacher uses a basket of red and yellow apples to reinforce concepts during a mathematics lesson. Which of the following tasks is best targeted at teaching students to compare quantities? A.) Having students count all the apples in the basket B.) Having students put one apple in the middle of the place mat on their desks C.) Having students make a venn diagram for the color of the apples D.) Having students determine whether the numbers of red and yellow apples are equal

D.) Having students determine whether the numbers of red and yellow apples are equal

Ethan, a new preschool student, does not talk or play with other students during center time. Which of the following strategies will best help him develop interpersonal relationships? A.) Demonstrating empathy for Ethan when there is a conflict during center time B.) Modeling how to show appropriate affection in the classroom C.) Encouraging students to name and discuss their feelings throughout the day D.) Identifying a student to be Ethan's partner and participate in center time with him

D.) Identifying a student to be Ethan's partner and participate in center time with him

A kindergarten teacher sets up a literacy center with an activity that asks students to match pictures of objects with pictures of letters to correctly indicate the beginning sound. Which of the following is the teacher trying to develop in students through the center? A.) Phonics B.) Vocabulary C.) Letter recognition D.) Phonemic awareness

D.) Phonemic Awareness

Since very young children (age birth-4) learn oral language through family and friends, the early childhood teacher should first establish a common language among all the students. This can be achieved through: I. labeling items throughout the room. II.pointing to words while reading picture books. III. creating a Word Wall comprised of words the students supply from prior experience. IV. prioritizing state curriculum words. I and II II and III III and IV I and IV

I and II

An early childhood teacher would offer which scenario to assess a student's phonological awareness understanding? I. "Count the Words" where a teacher says a short sentence aloud and, after repeating it a few times, the student places a number one, two, three, etc. on his/her desk depending on the number of words in the sentence II. "Stepping Sentences" where a teacher calls on a group of students to stand when their assigned word is called aloud III. "Syllable Segmentation" where a teacher has a student clap on every syllable of a word that is called aloud IV. Assigning phonetic principles and symbols to portions of words

III. "Syllable Segmentation" where a teacher has a student clap on every syllable of a word that is called aloud

2.) Chemical

Which of the following types of energy is stored in a battery? 1.) Heat 2.) Chemical 3.) Mechanical 4.) Potential

Mr. Shields, a second grade teacher, wants to create an engaging inquiry-based activity for her students in the upcoming physical properties of matter unit. Which of the following activities best accomplishes Mr. Shields' goal? 1.) Provide students with a mixture that they separate into groups using different physical properties of the component for the different groups 2.) Use a journal to list the different physical properties of an object 3.) Create a matching-terms workshop where students match a physical property to an object 4.) Create a graphic organizer that highlights the physical properties of various objects

1.) Provide students with a mixture that they separate into groups using different physical properties of the component for the different groups

Which of the following dramatic forms is generally effective for encouraging self-expression by shy children? 1.) Puppetry 2.) Pantomime 3.) Improvisation 4.) Musical dramas

1.) Puppetry

Which of the following is the best definition of qualitative evaluation of text complexity? 1.) Qualitative evaluation analyzes the level of meaning, structure, language conventionality, clarity, and knowledge demands of a text 2.) Qualitative evaluation analyzes the readability measures and other scores of text complexity 3.) Qualitative evaluation analyzes the reader variables, such as motivation, knowledge, and experience of a reader 4.) Qualitative evaluation should not be used in analyzing text complexity

1.) Qualitative evaluation analyzes the level of meaning, structure, language conventionality, clarity, and knowledge demands of a text

Mrs. Hansel is considering a song for her elementary music students. Which of the following is most important for her to consider? 1.) Range 2.) Tempo 3.) Melody 4.) Lyrics

1.) Range

Which of the following activities will be most effective in introducing first graders to the concept of timelines? 1.) Reading a grade appropriate biography with a strong sequence of events then creating a human timeline depicting the events in chronological order 2.) Reading a grade appropriate biography with a strong sequence of events then writing the events in chronological order 3.) Watching a video about timelines 4.) Drawing a timeline on the board and explaining the purpose of timelines

1.) Reading a grade appropriate biography with a strong sequence of events then creating a human timeline depicting the events in chronological order

Which of the following activities will be most effective in introducing kindergartners to the concept of culture? 1.) Reading aloud quality, positive, multicultural picture books 2.) Visiting an art museum 3.) Describing the holidays important to your culture 4.) Asking parents to send in foods representing various cultures

1.) Reading aloud quality, positive, multicultural picture books

Which type of song has a second voice imitate the leading voice in different places during the melody? 1.) Round 2.) Partner song 3.) Lullaby 4.) Game song

1.) Round

What is the place value of the "3" in the number 15,436,129? 1.) Ten Thousands 2.) Thousands 3.) Hundred Thousands 4.) Millions

1.) Ten Thousand

Which of the following is the easiest movement for kindergarten students when playing a game? 1.) Walking 2.) Galloping 3.) Hopping 4.) Running

1.) Walking

When a substance undergoes a _____ change either one or more new substances are formed. 1.) chemical 2.) physical 3.) natural 4.) ecological

1.) chemical

The state sales tax is 7.5%. Which number could also represent 7.5%? 1.) 0.0075 2.) 3/40 3.) 3/4 4.) 0.75

2.) 3/40

Which of the following syllable types is the last syllable in the word "rename"? 1.) The r-controlled syllable 2.) A vowel-consonant-e syllable 3.) A closed syllable 4.) A vowel team syllable

2.) A vowel-consonant-e syllable

Which of the following is an example of a physical change? 1.) Mixing vinegar with baking soda 2.) Crushing a can 3.) Burning wood 4.) Baking a cake

2.) Crushing a can

Maria is a kindergarten student who likes to sit next to other students and perform similar activities. The teacher wants to help Maria transition into the next stage of play development. Which of the following would be the best strategy to facilitate the transition? 1.) Incorporate individual games and activities for Maria to do separate from other students 2.) Introduce an activity that incorporates all students but does not require them to work or collaborate 3.) Introduce additional activities for Maria to do while sitting next to other students 4.) Introduce an activity where Maria must work with other students to achieve a common goal

2.) Introduce an activity that incorporates all students but does not require them to work or collaborate

In a kindergarten class, the students are lining up for lunch. The teacher begins calling the first four or five students to line up in boy-girl order. She stops after the fifth student and asks the question, "Class, who do you think I might pick to go next in line? Why?" What math concept is the teacher most likely teaching? 1.) Ordinal number of a set member 2.) Patterns to make prediction 3.) Cardinal number of a set 4.) Fairness in making choices

2.) Patterns to make prediction

Which of the following activities is most effective in helping kindergarten students understand measurement of the lengths of small items, such as juice boxes or lunch boxes? 1.) Watching the teacher estimate the length of the item using a student's arm or leg 2.) Placing same-size objects, such as Legos or cubes, next to the object and counting the number of objects 3.) Tracing the items on construction paper and cutting the construction paper to have a two-dimensional replica of the item 4.) Listening to a teacher explain how to use a ruler to measure the objects

2.) Placing same-size objects, such as Legos or cubes, next to the object and counting the number of objects

A kindergarten teacher places the following items into a container: sand, a sponge, pebbles, rocks, coral, tree bark, and water. The teacher randomly selects a container and has students place their hands in, without looking at the items, to feel the items and guess the names of the items. The description would best teach which of the following concepts? 1.) Physical changes of matter 2.) Properties of matter 3.) Transfer of energy 4.) Mixing and separating items

2.) Properties of matter

Mrs. Bill, a prekindergarten teacher, has her students observe the transformation of caterpillars into butterflies. In addition to this being a good science lesson, Mrs. Bill could best use the lesson to promote the students' artistic expression by: 1.) requiring students to create a butterfly collage that mirrors the intricate design of the butterfly's wings. 2.) asking students to draw pictures that accurately reflect the transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly. 3.) showing students how to make origami butterflies by folding tissue paper. 4.) encouraging students to monitor the butterflies closely and draw their observations.

4.) encouraging students to monitor the butterflies closely and draw their observations.

In a prekindergarten class, two students have discovered that four butter tubs full of sand will fill a plastic pitcher. This learning is best described as: 1.) informal standard measurement. 2.) formal standard measurement. 3.) formal non-standard measurement. 4.) informal non-standard measurement

4.) informal non-standard measurement

Which of the following skills must be mastered before a child can learn to skip? A.) Hopping B.) Running C.) Walking backward D.) Crab walking

A.) Hopping

A prekindergarten teacher is planning a lesson with a teaching objective of categorizing geometric objects by type of shape. Which of the following actions must children be able to perform successfully before the teacher teaches the lesson? A.) Identifying attributes of objects B.) Recognizing the position of whole numbers C.) Creating sets of objects using counters D.) Matching values with their numerical representatives

A.) Identifying attributes ofobjects

A teacher reads aloud Where the wild things are, a picture storybook in which a boy named Max encounters wild monsters that are vividly portrayed. The teacher then shows the students picture cards depicting scenes from the beginning, middle, and end of the story. Which of the following concepts of literary structure is the teacher helping students understand? A.) Plot Sequence B.) Point of View C.) Character development D.) Setting

A.) Plot Sequence

The boy is very quiet. The sentence above is an example of which of the following? A.) Simple sentence B.) Complex sentence C.) Compound sentence D.) Compound-complex sentence

A.) simple sentence

A first grade teacher is planning activities to introduce students to nonstandard units of measurement. Which of the following activities will best meet the teacher's goal? A.) Asking students to stand in a line, from the shortest person to the tallest B.) Asking students to use pencils to measure the length of a desk C.) Asking students to determine how many one-liter bottles of water can fill a one-gallon container D.) Asking students to use a measuring tape to measure the length of the classroom door

B.) Asking students to use pencils to measure the length of a desk

Which of the following stages is the first step in the writing cycle? A.) Outlining B.) Brainstorming C.) Publishing D.) Editing

B.) Brainstorming

A kindergarten teacher has students determine the following. -How many students are absent that day -If there are enough snack cups for each student during snack time -How many balls are taken outside during recess and how many are brought back inside after recess. Which of the following concepts is most closely aligned with the determinations the teacher is having the students make? A.) Classifying B.) Counting C.) Patterning D.) Ordering

B.) Counting

A kindergarten teacher notices that a new student who is from a foreign country is being excluded from play by a majority of the other students. Which of the following activities is best to help the class become aware of the common interests they share with the new student? A.) Inviting a member of the new student's family to discuss the family's culture with the class B.) Creating a chart with the class that shows the many ways students in the class are similar C.) Using a globe to show the class which country the new student's family comes from D.) Asking the class to help the new student learn the classroom rules by having students role-play

B.) Creating a chart with the class that shows the many ways students in the class are similar

As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a teacher writes the following definition on the board: A set of expected behaviors for citizens who hold particular positions in society. The teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students wrote the correct word? A.) Bob, who wrote "influence" B.) Danielle, who wrote "roles" C.) Mike, who wrote "laws" D.) Gretchen, who wrote "ethos"

B.) Danielle, who wrote "roles"

The ability to do which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms? A.) Move from place to place B.) Detect and respond to changes in the environment C.) Produce sugars by photosynthesis D.) Produce heat to maintain a constant internal temperature

B.) Detect and respond to changes in the environment

Which of the following activities will be most effective in introducing kindergartners to the concept of how plants transport water? A.) Demonstrating that a celery stalk can be peeled lengthwise but not crosswise B.) Placing celery stalks in water colored with a dye and observing the results C.) Collecting rainwater in a rain gauge and comparing the amount of rainfall to a plant's growth rate D.) Planting bean seeds in paper cups, placing them on the windowsill, and watering them daily.

B.) Placing celery stalks in water colored with a dye and observing the results

A preschool teacher is teaching students about a color wheel, which is an organization of hues around a circle. Red, yellow, and blue are examples of which of the following kinds of colors on the color wheel? A.) Complementary B.) Primary C.) Secondary D.) Tertiary

B.) Primary

Which of the following words cannot be decoded through knowledge of letter-sound relationships? A.) Flight B.) Said C.) Things D.) Lamp

B.) Said

The gasoline tank in a car holds 15 gallons when full. If there are 7 gallons of gasoline in the tank, how many gallons of gasoline are needed to fill the tank? Which of the following is the most appropriate to use to correctly answer the question shown? A.) Multiplication B.) Subtraction C.) Estimation D.) Division

B.) Subtraction