Earth Science Chapter 1

What is the scientifically determined age of the Earth?

4.6 Billion years.

What is the name of the strict set of rules called?

"Scientific Method"

give examples of how the four spheres interact by matching the interacting spheres with a phenomenon

*Atmosphere-Hydrosphere = clouds *Lithosphere-atmosphere = Emission of volcanic gases *Biosphere-Hydrosphere = vegetation in wet or dry climates *Hydrosphere-Lithosphere = stream cut channels *Biosphere-Hydrosphere = Coral reefs *Biosphere-Lithosphere = plants growing in soil

What are the assumptions science makes?

- The universe works according to natural, physical law -Given enough time, humans can understand those laws -The laws don't change over time

_____ are geologic considerations when identifying physically safe place for humans habitation.

- the strength of underlying geology - the steepness of the hillsides - faults in Earth's crust that can potentially cause earthquakes

What are the two controversies between science and Judeochristianity?

1. Copernicus wrote a book in which he claimed that the Earth was not the center of the universe. It was a planet that moved around the sun. 2. Old Earth vs. New Earth Arch bishop Ussher & friends counted all of the generations since Adam in the Old Testament. He assigned them each an average age, and proclaimed that the Earth was created on October 23, 4004 BC

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a Theory?

A hypothesis is an educated guess. It may be right or wrong. It must be tested. A theory has been tested over and over again, and it always works. The two terms are not interchangeable, even though they are so often misused. Finally, a law is usually a simple relationship, often expressed as an equation.

example of a open system

A person running takes in nutrients, converts them to energy and expels it as heat movement and water

match the name of the sphere with what is contained within it

Atmosphere- Gases Biosphere - Living organisms Hydrosphere- water Lithosphere- Solid Earth

Who was burned at the stake and why?

Bruno for professing his belief that the Earth was nothing special, just one planet among many.

Who began the idea that Earth goes around the Sun?

Copernicus

What are the steps of the strict set of rules that we discussed in class?

Form a hypothesis - Test the hypothesis - Evaluate the test -Accept, modify or reject

What is a hypothesis? Give an example of a hypothesis and an example of a non-hypothesis.

Hypothesis is an educated guess. It may be right or wrong. It must be tested. - the switch is the cause of the light not working is an hypothesis - a non hypothesis is creationism and mysticism

list the outer plants from top to bottom

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, Pluto

What is the birthday of the Earth according to Ussher?

October 23, 4004 B.C.

What is Science?

Organized common sense; a way of understanding the universe using experimentation to derive cause and effect.

What are the limitations of Science?

The key to this is the idea of natural and physical. • Science is only equipped to deal with the natural world. • By definition the supernatural is outside of science.

depends on the mass of an object and the strength of the gravity field because it is how much downward force the object exerts under the pull of gravity

Weight

Continental shelf

a fringe of shallow seafloor surrounding the land

What does "educated guess" mean/refer to?

a hypothesis or little statement, it may be wrong or right

elevation is the height if a feature ______ sea level; beneath the ocean depth refers to ______ sea level

above, below

Geology

affects our everyday lives from food to energy resources - is the scientific study of Earth

The Four Spheres of Earth

atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere

the sun creates light heat and other types of energy by fusing together hydrogen atoms in the process of nuclear

fusion

the _________ effect occurs when infrared energy from the Sun is radiated back from Earth and trapped by Earth's atmosphere, resulting in warm conditions

greenhouse

What is a Theory?

is a scientific explanation that is backed by all available evidence and consistent with all observations

equator

is an imaginary line a parallel that divides the Earth into top and bottom halves

scope of earth science

it encompasses all of Earth's systems

lines of ______ encircle the globe north and south of the equator and run east to west

latitude

Collecting data through observation involves

look, listen, smell, and feel

imaginary lines connecting the ______ and _____ Poles are called meridians

north, south

Earth

science includes the study of the solid earth and the oceans atmosphere biosphere and where Earth exists in space

fractions of degrees of latitude and longitude can be expressed in minutes and

seconds

the type and thickness of ____ in an area is a function of climate, steepness of slope, type of earth materials, and type of plants and animals which in turn dictate suitability for growing crops or raising livestock

soil

hydrologic cycle is best described as

the circulation of water around the globe

match the map type with the letter on the image

topographic -b shaded relief -a satellite -c geologic- d

the variation in the height and steepness of the land is called

topography

What do you know about Galileo?

was the first to look at the sky using the telescope. - Brought before the "Holy Inquisition" - Told to shut up or die. - Spent the last 10 years of his life under house arrest. -In 1992 was exonerated by the Church

energy and matter are moved in the atmosphere in the form of _______

water vapor, wind

match the north American region with the description of it mountains

western part -rugged mountains and deep valleys eastern - mountains with relatively low relief central- no mountains