Earth Science - Rocks
Contact metamorphism, Regional metamorphism
2 Formations of metamorphic rocks
Foliated Metamorphic Rock, Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock
2 classification of Metamorphic Rock
Clastic sedimentary rocks, Chemical (Non-clastic) sedimentary rocks
2 classification of Sedimentary rocks
Shale with plant fossils, Conglomerate
2 examples of Clastic rocks
Felsic or Granitic, Andesitic (intermediate), Basaltic, Ultramafic
4 compositions of Igneous Rocks
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation
5 Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Marble
A Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock
Granite
An example of plutonic rock.
Igneous Rocks
Andesite, Rhyolite, Basalt, Gabro, Diorite, Granite.
evaporites, precipitates, and bioclastics.
Chemical (Non-clastic) sedimentary rocks are classified as?
aphanitic, porphyritic and vesicular
Common textures of Extrusive Igneous Rocks.
Felsic or Granitic
Composition of rocks are usually light-colored (>65% silica)
few kilometers below the Earth's surface and extend into the upper mantle.
Conditions for formation of metamorphism is found?
Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock
Does not have a banded texture
slow cooling or crystallization = large interlocking crystals of Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Gradual lowering of temperature is indicated by the movement of magma from depth to surface causing?
Foliated Metamorphic Rock
Has a banded or layered appearance
elevated temperatures and pressures.
Most metamorphic changes occur at?
Energy That Drives the Rock Cycle
Processes driven by heat from the Earth's interior are responsible for forming both igneous rock and metamorphic rock. Weathering and the movement of weathered materials are external processes powered by energy from the sun. External processes produce sedimentary rocks.
Igneous Rocks
Rocks that are derived from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
The Rock Cycle
Shows the interrelationships among the three rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic)
phaneritic of Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Texture of large interlocking crystals called?
Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Two Formations of Igneous Rocks
Gneiss
Typically Displays a Banded Appearance
Igneous Rocks
Usually hard and crystalline.
Compaction
a process that squeezes, or compacts, sediments
intrusive igneous rocks
also known as plutonic rocks
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
also known as volcanic rocks.
Rocks
an aggregate of two or more minerals
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
are composed of weathered bits of rocks and minerals.
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
are formed when lava hardens.
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
are formed when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.
Solification
can occur along the surface or beneath the surface of the Earth.
Andesitic (intermediate)
composition of rocks are generally medium colored (medium gray) (55-65% silica).
Ultramafic
composition of rocks are made mostly from iron and magnesium-rich minerals; very dark-colored (<45% silica).
Basaltic
composition of rocks are usually dark-colored (45-55% silica)
ignimbrite, tuff
example of Pyroclastic rocks.
Basalt
example of rock which is the cause of fast rate of cooling/crystallization
evaporites such as rock salt or gypsum, limestone—most abundant chemical rock, coal
examples of common rocks of non clastic classification of rocks
Chemical (Non-clastic) sedimentary rocks
form when dissolved substances precipitate, or separate, from water.
Erosion
involves the weathering and the removal of rock.
Rate of cooling
is one of the most important factors that control crystal size.
Clastic rocks with volcanic origin (ex.: pyroclastics)
may have undergone some stages in the sedimentary processes could be classified as sedimentary rocks.
Metamorphism
means "to change form."
Deposition
occurs when an agent of erosion—water, wind, ice, or gravity—loses energy and drops sediments.
Contact metamorphism
occurs when magma moves into rock. Changes are driven by a rise in temperature. Occurs near a body of magma. Creates non-foliated metamorphic rocks.
Fast Rate of Extrusive Igneous Rocks
rate of cooling/crystallization due to the huge variance in the temperature.
Regional metamorphism
results in large-scale deformation and high-grade metamorphism. Directed pressures and high temperatures occur during mountain building. Produces the greatest volume of metamorphic rock. Creates foliated metamorphic rocks.
Pyroclastic rocks
rocks associated with explosive eruption.
Cementation
takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments.
