Earth Science Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are
Foliated or nonfoliated
Sedimentary rocks are ___________.
Formed from already existing rocks that are weathered and eroded
Describe the texture of the following igneous rock.
glassy
What are the two most abundant igneous rocks in Earth's crust? (HINT: They are the two most common igneous rocks!)
granite and basalt
Biochemical rocks are...
Made from the remains of dead animals/plants
Which process best describes compaction?
particles are squeezed together under pressure
Because the foliated metamorphic rock __________ splits easily into flat pieces, it is used for roofing material.
slate
Which of these is a metamorphic rock?
slate
The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can ______.
1. Provide materials to make up other rocks 2. Form other types of rocks 3. Be changed by natural processes
A rock is _____.
A mixture of minerals, organic matter, and other materials
This rock is made of large bits of gravel cemented together. What type of sedimentary rock is it?
Clastic
A metamorphic rock in which the grains line up in parallel bands is a
Foliated Rock
rocks make up a rock
Conglomerate
__________ metamorphism occurs when magma heats the surrounding rock and changes it.
Contact
What statement is true about the sample of diorite shown?
Diorite is coarse-grained because its crystals are large and easy to see.
As lava cools and crystallizes, what type of rock will form?
Extrusive Igneous
This rock formed when lava cooled very quickly on Earth's surface. What specific type of rock is it?
Extrusive Igneous Rock
crystals in layers
Gneiss
This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?
Igneous
Magma on the surface of Earth
Lava
Magma that cools below Earth's surface forms _____ rock.
Intrusive igneous
The crystals that form in slowly cooling magma are generally _______.
Large
Marble is an example of...
Metamorphic
This rock started as lava that cooled and then was heated and put under pressure over time. What type of rock is this?
Metamorphic
__________ metamorphic rocks have mineral grains that are not arranged in distinct bands.
Non-foliated
What are the types of sedimentary rock?
Organic; Clastic; Chemical
lightweight, holey, spongy
Pumice
__________ metamorphism occurs when rock formations in the crust collide and build pressure
Regional
Limestone is an example of...
Sedimentary
This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?
Sedimentary Rock
Fossils are only formed in
Sedimentary rocks
Rock fragments, mineral grains, bits of shell
Sediments
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.
cementation
Describe the texture of breccia.
clastic
What is an example of a biochemical rock?
coal
Which of the following is an biologically formed sedimentary rock?
coal
The process by which running water, wind, or ice carry away bits of broken-up rock
erosion
Which formation process do most sedimentary rocks follow?
erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
Describe the mineral composition of the following igneous rock.
felsic
The metamorphic rock __________ usually forms when limestone is subjected to heat and pressure deep beneath the surface.
marble
Erosion is
movement of sediment to a new location
Quartzite forms when the quartz particles in __________ recrystallize.
sandstone
Heat and pressure change the sedimentary rock shale into slate.
true
Metamorphic rock can form out of other metamorphic rock.
true