Ebio Exam 1
Which feature does NOT apply to Protists? a. They comprise most groups in the Domain Eukarya b. Some are photosynthetic c. They are mostly unicellular d. They form a monophyletic group
They form a monophyletic group
Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 1 and 2 of natural selection? a) Heritable variation exists for traits among individuals in a population. b) Environmental variation exists for traits among individuals in a population. c) Heritable variation does not exist among individuals in a population. d) Drug resistance exists among all individuals in a population. Submit
Heritable variation exists for traits among individuals in a population.
What characteristic would you NOTexpect to find associated with prokaryotes? A.Chromosome B.Mitochondria C.Plasma membrane D.Cytoplasm E.Ribosome
Mitochondria
What is NOT true about all chordates? a. They are bilaterally symmetric b. They are Eukaryotes c. They are Metazoans d. They have a vertebral column e. They all have a notochord
They have a vertebral column
Which of the following best describes 'genetic drift'?a.A random mechanism of evolution associated with small populations a.The tendency for populations on different islands to diverge over time b.A random mechanism of evolution associated with small populations c.The tendency for genes that confer an adaptive advantage to become more common d.The tendency for traits that are heavily used to become more common in subsequent generations
b.A random mechanism of evolution associated with small populations
The most recent common ancestor of all animals was probably a: a. Heterotrophic green alga b. Unicellular yeast c. Multi-cellular fungus d. Flagellated protist e. Archaea
flagellated protist
Sympatric speciation is NOT the consequence of: a. limited gene flow of a subset of individuals within a large population b. microclimate differences within an environment containing a large population c. pre-zygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms d. geographic isolation
geographic isolation
What does natural selection most generally favor? a.having many offspring b.being large c.long life d.traits that benefit the species as a whole e.cooperative behavior
having many offspring
The correct sequence, from the most to the least inclusive, of the taxonomic levels listed here is: a) family, phylum, class, kingdom, order, species, genus b) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species c) kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species d) phylum, kingdom, order, class, species, family, genus
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
The evolutionary effects of genetic drift are greatest when __________. a) the population size is small b) the population size is large c) intraspecific competition is intense
population size is small
Which of the following would NOT be evidence that mitochondria were once prokaryotic? a. negative effects of antibiotics on mitochondria b. DNA similarities of mitochondria and free-living bacteria c. similarities between mitochondrial ribosomes and bacterial ribosomes d. presence of a nucleus within mitochondria
presence of a nucleus within mitochondria
Which of the following is/are a fundamental difference(s) between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? a. presence of other membrane-bound organelles only b. presence of a true nucleus AND presence of other membrane-bound organelles c. presence of a cell wall only d. ALL of these answers are correct (i.e., all of these answers are fundamental differences)
presence of a true nucleus AND presence of other membrane-bound organelles
Which of the following is an example of homologous structures? a)skeletal structure of a bat wing and a human hand b) owl wing and hornet wing c) porcupine quill and cactus spine
skeletal structure of a bat wing and a human hand
The scientific discipline concerned with naming organisms is called: a) taxonomy b) cladistics c) systematics d) domain
taxonomy
The four-chambered hearts of birds and the four-chambered hearts of mammals evolved independently of each other. If one were unaware of this independence, then one might logically conclude that: a. the common ancestor of birds and mammals had a three-chambered heart b. the common ancestor of birds and mammals had a four-chambered heart c. birds and mammals should be placed in the same class d. birds and mammals are more distantly related than is actually the case
the common ancestor of birds and mammals had a four-chambered heart
As Earth becomes increasingly crowded, you join an expedition to explore the planet Mars. While there, you make a startling discovery: you find a bilaterally symmetric organism with a distinctive exoskeleton. If you had to place this extraterrestrial animal into an Earth phylum, into which would you put it? a. Cnidaria b. Platyhelminthes c. Arthropoda d. Protista
Arthropoda
A high proportion of the cats on an island in the Florida Keys have extra toes (polydactyly). Given this information, what is the most likely explanation? A.Higher rate of mutation B.Founder effect C.Artificial selection for extra toes D.Extra toes are adaptive in this environment E.Cats are aliens
B
Both octopi and squid exhibit similarly complex eyes. This similarity is most likely an example of what? A.Convergent evolution B.Homology C.Analogous adaptation D.A and C E.A and B
B
Which of the following traits do Archaea and Bacteria share? 1. composition of the cell wall 2. absence of membrane-bound organelles 3. lack of a nuclear envelope 4. linear DNA a. 1 only b. 3 only c. 2 and 3 d. 1 and 3 e. 2 and 4
2 and 3
After the decrease in biodiversity immediately following mass extinction events does biodiversity tend to increase or decrease overall? A.Tends to increase B.Tends to decrease
A
sea urchins are A. Bilateral Deuterostomes B. Bilateral Protostomes
A
6. According to natural selection, for lactose tolerance to increase in the human population, which of the following must be true A.Lactose tolerance must be heritable B.Individuals with lactose tolerance must produce more offspring C.Individuals with lactose tolerance must exhibit lower survival D.A and B E.All of the above must be true
A and B
You look inside the chloroplast organelle of a dinoflagellate. Assuming that organelle was originally a prokaryote, which of the following should be evident? A.Circular chromosome B.A nucleus C.An absence of genetic material D.B and C E.A, B and C
A.Circular chromosome
5. Individuals from two species of frogs occasionally mate, but the offspring fail to develop and hatch. What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate? A.The prezygotic barrier called hybrid sterility B.Adaptation C.The postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown D.The postzygotic barrier called reduced hybrid inviability E.Gametic isolation
A.The postzygotic barrier called reduced hybrid inviability
Natural selection... a. Produces variation in a population b. Acts on existing variation c. Favors traits that ensure the survival of the entire population d. Occurs within an individual's lifetime e. Results in increasing complexity over time
Acts on existing variation
Which of the following statements about deuterostomes is false? a. All deuterostomes have a coelom. b. All deuterostomes are triploblastic and have three tissue layers. c. All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry in their bodies. d. All deuterostomes have a similar pattern of early embryonic
All deuterostomes exhibit radial symmetry in their bodies.
Which is NOT true about Eukarya? a. All of its members have protective cell walls made from peptidoglycan b. They arose by the process of endosymbiosis c. They have membrane-bound organelles d. They have a nucleus e. Animals, fungi, and plants arose from different lineages of unicellular eukaryotes Submit
All of its members have protective cell walls made from peptidoglycan
Which statement about protists is false? a. They can be single celled or multicellular b. They have organelles and a nucleus c. Some can have both animal-like and plant-like characteristics d. They can be autotrophs or heterotrophs e. All of the above are actually true about protists
All of the above are actually true about protists
Given the 3 domain system of classification, Prokaryotes are not monophyletic because A. Prokaryotes evolved earlier than Eukarya B. Archaea share a more recent common ancestor with theEukarya than with the Bacteria C. Bacteria and Archaea are not prokaryotes D. Bacteria are more closely related to Eukarya than Archaea E. all of the above are true
Archaea share a more recent common ancestor with the Eukarya than with the Bacteria
In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its ________. A.Stability in the face of environmental change B.Contribution to the gene pool of the next generation C.Genetic variability D.Mutation rate E.Health
B
Several species of amphibians are able to read each other's mating rituals and understand them, tend to be fertile at the same time, and are usually similar in size. However, when they attempt to mate, they never produce offspring. Which of the following barriers is most likely the cause of this? A.Behavioral isolation B.Gametic incompatibility C.Hybrid sterility D.Reduced hybrid viability
B
South American seedeaters (finches): 1.Differences in male reproductive plumage and aspects of songs used to court females. 2.Very little genetic divergence among species Which reproductive isolating mechanism is likely at work with the seedeaters? A.Reduced hybrid fertility B.Behavioral isolation C.Habitat isolation D.Gametic isolation E.All of the above
B.Behavioral isolation
A biologist named Rookie discovered a living ichthyosaur - previously thought extinct! However, Rookie incorrectly classified the ichthyosaur as a dolphin because their body shape and flippers are very similar. Rookie made the classic mistake of using analogous traits to group organisms the same species! Which species concept did Rookie erroneously try to use in this situation? A.Biological species concept B.Morphological species concept C.Ecological species concept D.Phylogenetic species concept
B.Morphological species concept
3. How can a population get new genetic variation? A.Natural selection and sexual selection B.Mutation and breeding with members of other populations C.Genetic drift and reproductive isolation D.Natural selection and mutation E.Genetic drift and breeding with members of other populations
B.Mutation and breeding with members of other populations
You become parasitized by a bilaterally symmetric protostome. Which of the following is most likely involved?: A.Toxoplasma (apicomplexan) B.Tapeworm (Platyhelminthes) C.MRSA (bacteria) D.Whirling disease (cnidarian) E.Flesh-eating sponge (porifera)
B.Tapeworm (Platyhelminthes)
10. Endosymbiosis is a hypothesis about the origin of... A.Multicellularity B.Animals C.Mitochondria D.The nucleus E.Oxygen in the atmosphere
C
Which structure is not an innovation that occurred during vertebrate diversification? a. Bone b. Amniotic egg c. Exoskeleton d. Jaws
Exoskeleton
What is TRUE about cyanobacteria? A. The oxygen catastrophe led to their extinction, and they didn't survive to the present day B. They are considered extremophiles from the Domain Archaea C. Some entered into an endosymbiotic relationship with other cells; a relationship that led to what we call plants today D. We currently recognize them as single celled protists E. All are true statements about cyanobacteria
C. Some entered into an endosymbiotic relationship with other cells; a relationship that led to what we call plants today
Which of the following is NOT a problem you are likely to encounter using the fossil record to build a phylogeny? A.Degradation of DNA (aDNA) B.Missing intermediate ancestors C.Biased representation in favor of soft-bodied animals D.Limited types of rocks that contain fossils E.Difficulty in accessing fossil-containing rocks
C.Biased representation in favor of soft-bodied animals
If we found another planet with the same exact geologic record, environmental conditions and early life forms, would we expect current biodiversity to be exactly the same on that planet as compared to earth? A.Yes, the same mutations would arise in each of the populations of early life and evolution through selection and drift would proceed in exactly the same way B.Yes, different mutations would arise in each of the populations of early life and evolution through selection and drift would proceed in the exactly the same way C.No, different mutations would arise in each of the populations of early life which would result in differences in evolution through both selection and drift D.No, different mutations would arise in each of the populations of early life which would result in differences in evolution through drift only
C.No, different mutations would arise in each of the populations of early life which would result in differences in evolution through both selection and drift
Which of these is the correct nomenclature for the binomial scientific name of the gray wolf? a) Canis lupus b) canis lupus c) Canis lupus (all italics)
Canis lupus (all italics)
Which cells or organelles were the earliest contributors to increasing oxygen availability in the atmosphere? a. Photosynthetic protists b. Cyanobacteria c. Mitochondria d. Chloroplasts
Cyanobacteria
Prokaryotes A. are currently classified in the domain Monera B. comprise a monophyletic group C. are single celled protists D. are in the domains Bacteria and Archaea E. are cells with organelles but no nucleus
D. are in the domains Bacteria and Archaea
4. African cichlid fishes have undergone dramatic diversification over the last 100,000 years. This is considered to be an impressive example of sympatric speciation. Which of the following mechanisms could lead to sympatric speciation? A.Sexual selection by female fishes B.Feeding specialization by different groups of fishes within the lake C.Geographic separation D.A and B E.B and C
D.A and B
Which of the following is NOT a way Continental Drift can facilitate the evolution of biodiversity? A.Continental drift can fragment populations of the same species, preventing reproduction between them B.Continental drift can cause environmental changes where a species lives, leading to adaptation to new habitats C.Continental drift can change the species present in an area, causing competition and new adaptations that could lead to reproductive isolation D.Continental drift can increase mutation rates, resulting in gametic isolation
D.Continental drift can increase mutation rates, resulting in gametic isolation
You are infected with an organism that has the following characteristics: nucleus, no cell wall, no different cell types. Which of the following could it be? A.Archaea B.Insect (animal) C.MRSA (bacteria) D.Toxoplasma (apicomplexan) E.A or C
D.Toxoplasma (apicomplexan)
Which is a shared characteristic of all chordates? a. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord b. Four chambered heart Submit c. Vertebrae d. jaws
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
1. Which of the following is/are true about sponges and cnidarians? a.Both groups are multicellular b.Both groups have true tissues c.Cnidarians are asymmetric d.Sponges are the oldest (most basal) group of animals e.A and D
E
9. Which of the following species is NOT a bilaterally symmetric protostome? A.Sea urchin only B.Octopus, sea urchin, AND sponge C.Octopus only D.Sponge only E.Sea urchin AND sponge
E
Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria, whereas only some groups (like plants) have plastids (= chloroplasts). What might you infer from this observation? A.Mitochondria represent the product of convergent evolution B.Plastid endosymbiosis occurred after (more recently than) the endosymbiotic event leading to mitochondria C.Mitochondria are homologous within Eukarya D.A and C E.B and C
E
While in the Caribbean islands over spring break, you visit two nearby islands that have strikingly similar types of dragonflies. This is an example of: a.Sympatric speciation b.Adaptation c.Allopatric speciation d.Natural selection e.Not enough information
E
Why don't biotechnology companies simply create new antibiotics? A.Drug development regulations have become more restrictive B.Most new antibiotics come from nature C.It's not profitable D.A and B E.A, B and C
E
The notochord is... A. A trait that evolved in only some of the Chordata B. A primitive umbilical chord C. A homologous characteristic that arose in the chordates D. A flexible rodlike structure that is present at least in the embryotic stage of chordates E. Both C and D
E. Both C and D
Based on the following tree, which of the following statements is/are best supported? A.Prokaryotes are not monophyletic B.The universal ancestor of all life had mitochondria C.The most recent common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya lacked a nucleus D.A and B E.A and C
E.A and C
Over time, the size of lizards on one of the islands continues to change. You wonder whether these evolutionary changes are due to natural selection or genetic drift. Which of the following are true of both natural selection and genetic drift? I. Leads to a change in gene frequency II. Favors adaptive traits that increase survival or reproduction III. Can occur in small populations a. I only b. II only c. I and III d. I, II, and III
I and III
While traveling through South America, you encounter fossils of Thylacosmilus, a saber-toothed, marsupial-like mammal. You predict that, while alive, this animal had which of the following characteristics: I. bilateral symmetry II. complex placenta III. notochord IV. determinate cell fate a. I, II, III, and IV b. I and III c. I, III, and IV d. I, II, and III
I and III
Which of the following statements is an accurate combination of postulates 3 and 4 of natural selection? a) Individuals experience unlimited success in their ability to survive or reproduce. b) Individuals experience differential success in their ability to survive or reproduce due to differences in certain traits. c) Individuals experience uniform success in their ability to survive or reproduce.
Individuals experience differential success in their ability to survive or reproduce due to differences in certain traits. Submit
Identify the four postulates of natural selection. Survival and reproductive success are variable among individuals in a population. Individuals in a population vary in the traits they possess. Individuals in a population all possess the same traits. Some trait differences are heritable. Individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. All individuals in a population have equal reproductive success.
Individuals in a population vary in the traits they possess. Some trait differences are heritable. Survival and reproductive success are variable among individuals in a population. Individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
What is NOT a shared feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes (i.e., which trait can you not find in at least some eukaryotes and some prokaryotes)? a. Present in the fossil record more than 1 billion years b. Heterotrophy c. Intracellular organelles d. Unicellularity
Intracellular organelles
Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough? a. It has a shell that increases gas exchange b. It prolongs embryonic development c. It permits internal fertilization to be replaced by external fertilization d. It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment
It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment
Assuming the first Eukarya gave rise to all the lineages of "Protista", Protista could be made monophyletic if A. It was given its own domain B. It included the plants, fungi and animals C. If it only included single celled eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms D. It included all photosynthetic organisms E. It also included Archaea and all of its descendants
It included the plants, fungi and animals
Which of the following statements about animals is FALSE? a. Kingdom Animalia is monophyletic b. Kingdom Animalia includes all of the eukaryotes c. Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to choanoflagellates d. Most animals are invertebrates
Kingdom Animalia includes all of the eukaryotes
All of these are examples of evidence used to support the hypothesis of endosymbiosis, EXCEPT: a. Mitochondria and plastids contain circular DNA molecules similar to the circular chromosomes of bacteria b. Mitochondria and plastids, like prokaryotes, only contain genetic material in the form of RNA c. Mitochondria and plastids can replicate themselves in a process similar to prokaryotes d. Mitochondria and plastids have their own ribosomes and enzymes that can be used to transcribe and translate DNA into proteins
Mitochondria and plastids, like prokaryotes, only contain genetic material in the form of RNA
Genetic variation is introduced by: a. Genetic drift b. Evolution c. Mutation d. Natural selection
Mutation
Darwin's theory of natural selection requires all of the following EXCEPT: a) Survival and reproduction of individuals are non-random b) Some of the variation between individuals is heritable c) More offspring are produced than can survive d) Individuals within a species vary e) Natural selection leads species to generate new beneficial mutations to meet local conditions Submit
Natural selection leads species to generate new beneficial mutations to meet local conditions Submit
Two species in the same order CANNOT also be in the same: a. Class b. Genus c. Family d. None of the answers is correct (i.e. the two species could belong together in each group) e. Domain
None of the answers is correct (i.e. the two species could belong together in each group)
Which is a true difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. Prokaryotes are all gram positive, eukaryotes are all gram negative b. Prokaryotes are all single celled, eukaryotes are all multicellular c. Prokaryotes all have cell walls, no eukaryotes have cell walls d. Prokaryotes comprise a non-monophyletic grouping, while eukaryotes are monophyletic e. All of the above are true statements
Prokaryotes comprise a non-monophyletic grouping, while eukaryotes are monophyletic
Which statement about the genomes of prokaryotes is correct? a. Prokaryotic genomes are composed of circular DNA. b. Prokaryotic chromosomes are sometimes called capsules. c. Prokaryotic cells have multiple chromosomes, "packed" with a relatively large amount of histone proteins. d. The prokaryotic chromosome is contained within a membrane called the plasmid. e. Prokaryotic cells are diploid throughout most of the cell cycle.
Prokaryotic genomes are composed of circular DNA.
The Canary Islands are seven islands just west of the African continent. The islands gradually became colonized with life: plants, lizards, birds, among many others. Three different species of lizards found on the islands are similar to one species found on the African continent. Because of this, scientists assume that the lizards traveled from Africa to the Canary Islands by floating on tree trunks washed out to sea. Currently, the lizards on each island differ in both body size and color pattern. a. Random mutations introduced new genetic variation within populations on different islands. b. Different predators on different islands produced new mutations in the lizards c. Differences in activity of the lizards on the different islands led to progressive changes in body size that were passed on to subsequent generations
Random mutations introduced new genetic variation within populations on different islands.
Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary adaptation? a. Allowed the development of many more offspring b. Reduced the dependence on an aqueous environment for reproduction c. Allowed internal fertilization to occur d. It helps to separate the mammals from other groups such as reptiles
Reduced the dependence on an aqueous environment for reproduction
While on a trip through Africa and South America, you notice that the current (as well as fossilized) animals of western Africa and Brazil show highly similar morphologies (body plans). Given your background in General Biology, you suggest that this is MOST likely because of: a. the large sizes of Africa and South America have provided many different habitats in which plants and animals could evolve b. South America and western Africa were once part of the same land mass c. the climates of Brazil and western Africa are highly similar d. convergent evolution owing to similar evolutionary pressures
South America and western Africa were once part of the same land mass
In the United States today, about half of the corn crop is genetically engineered with a protein that is toxic to corn borers, an insect pest of corn. Which of the following conditions would be necessary for evolution of resistance to the toxic protein to occur in the corn borer? a) The corn borer must have or generate (by mutation) heritable variation in resistance to the toxic protein. The resistant corn borers must survive better or reproduce more than nonresistant corn borers. b) The corn borers must experience no success in their ability to survive or reproduce. c) The corn borers must experience unlimited success in their ability to survive or reproduce.
The corn borer must have or generate (by mutation) heritable variation in resistance to the toxic protein. The resistant corn borers must survive better or reproduce more than nonresistant corn borers.
What are some of the difficulties associated with the biological species concept? a. The definition relies on morphological data only b. The definition relies on genetic data c. The definition relates only to organisms that asexually reproduce d. The definition relates only to organisms that sexually reproduce
The definition relates only to organisms that sexually reproduce
Which of the following statements about vertebrates is true? a. All vertebrates have jaws. b. The development of an amniotic egg and internal fertilization allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water. c. All vertebrates are tetrapods (have four legs). d. Birds are more related to mammals than to dinosaurs. Submit
The development of an amniotic egg and internal fertilization allowed vertebrates to reproduce away from water.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all animals? a. They are multicellular b. They are heterotrophic (ingest their food) c. They are all eukaryotes d. They may exhibit asymmetry, radial symmetry, or bilateral symmetry e. They all have tissues, organs, and organ systems
They all have tissues, organs, and organ systems
What best describes gametic incompatibility and mechanical isolating mechanisms? a. Gametic incompatibility is a post-zygotic barrier whereas mechanical isolation is a pre-zygotic barrier b. They both prevent the formation of a zygote c. They never cause sympatric speciation d. They both lead to hybrid inviability
They both prevent the formation of a zygote
Which of the following organisms have radial cell cleavage in their early embryonic development? a. Toxoplasma b. Vampire finch c. Giant squid d. Butterflies
Vampire finch
8. Among the invertebrates, the insects are unique in possessing: A.An exoskeleton B.Wings C.Segmented bodies D.Walking legs E.Sexual reproduction
Wings
1. Which of the following is/are true about sponges and cnidarians? a.Both groups are multicellular b.Both groups have true tissues c.Cnidarians are asymmetric d.Sponges are the oldest (most basal) group of animals e.A and D
a. A and D
You encounter an animal that is heterotrophic, dependent on light for survival, possesses true tissues, and is diploblastic. You would also expect this organism to have: a. zooxanthellae b. all of these answers are correct c. cnidocytes d. radial symmetry
all of these answers are correct
Which of the following traits would you expect to find in a dinosaur but NOT in a salamander? a. lungs b. bony skeleton c. amniotic egg d. notochord
amniotic egg
Which of the following evolutionary innovations played key roles in allowing life on land? a. all of these answers are correct b. conjugation only c. exoskeleton only d. amniotic egg only e. amniotic egg AND exoskeleton
amniotic egg AND exoskeleton
What best describes the relationship between evolution and natural selection? a.Evolution and natural selection are synonymous b.Evolution refers to patterns and processes of descent with modification; natural selection is one mechanism for the processes of evolution c.Evolution and natural selection are complementary theories d.Natural selection is the only mechanism by which the process of evolution can occur e.Evolution is a process of descent with modification. Natural selection is the pattern that results from this process
b.Evolution refers to patterns and processes of descent with modification; natural selection is one mechanism for the processes of evolution
You have collected small dark brown beetles from seven islands in the South Pacific. You want to know whether they are different species. The data you have: •microscopic observations of their external anatomy •gene sequences •description of the habitats where they were found Data that you can't obtain: tests of whether they would cross-breed in the lab Which of the following species concepts are you UNABLE to apply to answering your question? a.Biological b.Ecological c.Morphological d.Phylogenetic
biological
Evolution is best defined as which of the following? a) a change in genetic composition of a population from one day to the next day b) a change in living conditions for an organism c) a change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation
c) a change in genetic composition of a population from generation to generation
What was NOT a key characteristic of the common ancestor of all life? a. It had DNA as its genetic code b. It lacked complex compartmentalization and membrane-bound organelles c. It contained its DNA in a protected nucleus d. Through transcription and translation, its DNA made RNA which then coded for proteins
c. It contained its DNA in a protected nucleus
Which of following situations is an appropriate use of the morphological species concept? a.Grouping lions into species according to mane size b.Identifying different human species according to hair color and texture c.Grouping adult horse fossils from a particular eraaccording to bone shape
c.Grouping adult horse fossils from a particular eraaccording to bone shape
Why hasn't natural selection eliminated heart disease from the human population? a.Humans are no longer subject to natural selection b.Heart disease does not have a strong enough genetic component c.Heart disease doesn't reduce reproductive output d.There has not been enough generations for natural selection to act e.Genetic drift maintains heart disease in the population
c.Heart disease doesn't reduce reproductive output
You observed similar adaptations in species C and G that are not observed in species D, B, F and H. What process likely accounts for this? a. inheritance b. homology c. maladaptation d. convergent evolution
convergent evolution
According to natural selection, for blood-feeding to increase in the finch population, which of the following must be true a.Blood feeding must be heritable b.Individuals who blood feed must produce more offspring c.Individuals who blood feed must exhibit lower survival d.A and B e.All of the above must be true
d.A and B
Natural selection is best defined as: a.The development of new species through geographic separation b.Change over time in the genetic composition of a species c.Change in an individual's characteristics during its lifetime d.Individuals with adaptive traits produce more offspring than individuals without such traits e.Random fixation or loss of an allele
d.Individuals with adaptive traits produce more offspring than individuals without such traits
Which of the following is NOT a part of the theory of natural selection? a.More offspring are born than can survive and reproduce b.Resources essential for survival and reproduction are limited c.Heritable trait variation d.Offspring inherit characteristics from their parents that the parents acquire during their lifetimes e.New traits that are more adaptive than old traits can replace the old traits in a population
d.Offspring inherit characteristics from their parents that the parents acquire during their lifetimes
As the glaciers continue to melt with increasing global temperatures, some forms of bacteria that are more than 1 million years old have begun to reanimate. Which feature of prokaryotes help them in this process? a. conjugation b. endospores c. cytoplasmic streaming d. plasmids
endospores
Animals that possess homologous structures probably _____. a) are the result of convergent evolution b) evolved from a common ancestor c) have increased genetic diversity
evolved from a common ancestor
The evolutionary history of a species or group of species is called a: a) divergence b) binomial c) domain d) phylogeny
phylogeny
Identify which of the following is NOT an example of analogous adaptations: a. four-chambered heart of birds and mammals b. swimming appendages of penguins and sharks c. the complex eyes of an octopus and a human d. radius bone of birds and bats
radius bone of birds and bats
Reproductive isolation is the existence of biological barriers that impede members of two species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring. All of the following are examples of prezygotic reproductive barriers (prevent fertilization from occurring) EXCEPT: a) temporal isolation b) behavioral isolation c) reduced hybrid viability d) mechanical isolation e) habitat isolation
reduced hybrid viability
The best classification system is that which most closely: a) groups organisms that possess similar morphologies b) conforms to traditional Linnaean taxonomic practices c) reflects evolutionary history
reflects evolutionary history
All of the following apply to homeostasis EXCEPT: a. maintenance of physiological stability b. highly regulated in endotherms c. relatively constant internal conditions d. seen in blood pressure, body temperature, and blood pH e. regulated through positive feedback
regulated through positive feedback
Which of the following is not an example of homeostasis? a. regulation of blood solute concentration in a fish b. regulation of body temperature in a fish c. regulation of blood pH in a human d. regulation of body temperature in a dog e. regulation of blood glucose levels in a human
regulation of body temperature in a fish
Counter-current heat exchange helps maintain a constant internal body temperature through all of the following EXCEPT: a. transferring heat between arteries and veins b. lowering the temperature of the extremities to prevent heat loss c. blood in arteries flowing in the opposite direction as blood in veins d. sacrificing warmth of the body core to increase the temperature of the extremities
sacrificing warmth of the body core to increase the temperature of the extremities
Which of the following species is NOT a bilaterally symmetric protostome? a. octopus only b. octopus, sea urchin, AND sponge c. sponge only d. sea urchin AND sponge
sea urchin AND sponge
Negative feedback control of a system means: a. there is no feedback occurring b. the failure of an organism to react to a stimulus c. the product of an action slows or inhibits additional action d. the product of an action accelerates or amplifies additional action
the product of an action slows or inhibits additional action
What is the founder effect? a) when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and their gene pool differs from that source population b) a selection of the best-suited traits for the environment c) a series of chance events that change allele frequency Submit
when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and their gene pool differs from that source population
are animals aka metazoans monophyletic
yes
