EDCI 201

Private School

3 major purposes; providing instruction for various religious denominations, exclusive ed for the wealthy, and an alternative for any group that finds the available forms of education unsatisfactory.

Bond

A certificate of debt issued by a local government guaranteeing the payment of original investment plus interest by a specific future date

Romanticism

A child centered philosophy of education that condemns the influences of society and suggests instead that a child's natural curiosity and the natural world should be used to teach.

Progressivism

A form of educational philosophy that sees nature as ever changing. Because the world is always changing and new situation require new solutions to problems, learners must develop solvers.

Perennialism

A particular view of philosophy that sees human nature as constant, with few changes over time. This in education promotes the advancement of the intellect as the central purpose of schools. The educational process stresses academic rigor and discipline. 3 r's

Lease Restrictive Environment

A requirement of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act that students with disabilities should participate in regular education programs.

Schooling

A specific, formalized process, usually focused on the young (but this is changing), and whose general pattern traditionally has varied little from one setting to the next.

Educational Malpractice

Academic damage

Transformation Approach

Actually changes the structure of the curriculum and encourages students to new concepts

Substance Abuse

Alcohol is the most commonly abused substance, and the first use of alcohol may occur at a young age, sometimes in elementary school. In high school, nearly 7 our of 10 teenagers reported to have consumed alcohol before graduating. In 2012, 49% of school age youth had used an illicit drug before graduating from high school. What should you do? Talk to the school counselor about the situation.

Buckley Amendment: Family Rights and Privacy Act

Allows parents/guardians the right to their child's records.

Malfeasance

An act that cannot be done lawfully performed

Essentialism

An education philosophy that emphasizes a core body of knowledge and skills necessary for effective participation in society. Proponents believe that an education person must have this core of knowledge and skills, and that all children should be taught it.

Mastery Learning

Based on the premise that all students can learn - if given the right tools and the opportunity to work at their own pace.

Task Orientation

Begin instruction early in the class period and end instruction late in the period. The staff approaches its teaching responsibilities with a serious air and waste little time in class. Seriousness of purpose is communicated to students.

Chief State School Officer

Called Superintendent, commissioner, secretary of education or director of instruction. Is responsible for overseeing, regulation and planning school activities as well as implementing the policies of the board of education.

The Teacher's Expectations

Communicate to students their belief that the students will achieve the goals of instruction. Teachers get across to students a "can-do" attitude about learning.

Additive Approach

Concepts, themes and perspectives are added to the curriculum without changing it.

Parents

Effective school reaches out and draws in parents instead of ignoring them or keeping them at arm's length. Parents are treated as key members, as partners with the professional staff. The involvement of parents' can help improve their children's self-concept, work habits and attitudes toward school.

School Boards

Elected or appointed officials who determine educational or mastering a concept (state and local level)

ADA; Americans with Disabilities Act

Ensures the right of individuals with disabilities to nondiscriminatory treatment in aspects of their lives other than education

Misfeasance

Failure to conduct an act that could be lawfully performed

Nonfeasance

Failure to perform act of duty

Descriptive Feedback

Focuses on identified learning outcomes and makes specific reference to the student's achievement. Looks towards improvement.

Academic Freedom

Freedom to teach without censorship

Verbal-linguistic Logical-mathematical Spatial Bodily-Kinesthetic Musical Interpersonal Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic

Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence (8)

IDEA; Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

In 1990, congress passed two federal laws relating to people with disabilities. Amended the Education for all Handicapped Children act of 1975.

Public School

In the years following the American Revolution, the growing demand for free public elementary education understandably provided a basis on which to advocate for free secondary education

Direct Teaching

Included guided practice, teacher feedback, and review among other active teaching behaviors.

The Principal

Instructional teachers. Have strong views on the purposes of education and are vitally concerned about the quality of teaching and learning in their schools. Effective principals gain teacher's confidence and clearly communicate to them a vision of what the school should accomplish and how each teacher can contribute towards this end.

Evaluative Feedback

Involves judgement by the teacher based on implicit of explicit norms

Homeschooling

It is estimated that over 2 million children are home schooled. Reasons cited for home schooling range from concerns about the moral climate in public schools to religious objections or the curriculum.

Political & Civic Purposes (Thomas Jefferson)

Jefferson thought schools could help people learn how to govern themselves wisely and justly. Emphasized through student government elections, voter registration drives. Schools also promote these purposes by how they teach students to read, write, and discuss ideas rationally.

Instructional TIme

Key to quality schooling. More time in school, overall they suggest, improves the chances of having more high quality time.

Cooperative Learning

Learning is a social process--- students learn through interaction with others. Students work on activities in small heterogeneous groups; rewards based on entire group performance

Experiential Learning (Hands on Instruction)

Learning is doing- students learn though hands on experiences

Problem-Based Learning

Learning should be relevant to student's lives- by solving real-world problems. The key teacher tole in this approach is to assist students in identifying an authentic problem.

Contributions Approach

Lease amount of involvement in multicultural education approach. Books and activities that celebrate holidays....

School Districts

May be responsible for school construction, taxing, budgeting, hiring of school personnel, curriculum decisions, local school policy and the students' progress. Although they operate at a local level, their authority derives from the state, they must operate within the rules and regulations specified by the state.

Intellectual Purpose (Jacques Barzun)

One long-standing purpose of schools has been to foster the intellectual development of the young. Promoting academic learning is the single most important purpose of schools. Believe that the development of reason, through intellectual pursuits, leads to individual enlightenment.

Virtual Schools

Online schools. Most students are seeking credit recovery. In Michigan, students are required to take an online course. Over 300,000 students are enrolled in a full time online school.

Magnet Schools

Over 40 years ago, a number of American cities adopted an early form of choice specialized in academic area such as science. Were originally to stop white flight from urban schools and to attract whites back to inner cities.

Economic Purposes (Jean Anyon)

People expect to earn a more comfortable living with a college degree than without one. Americans also expect that schools will prepare students for their future. High schools support that expectation by including courses of study that are college prep or vocational.

State Department of Education

Performs the administrative tasks needed to implement state policy. This includes licensing teachers, testing student progress, distributing state and federal funds and seeing that local school systems comply with state laws.

Education

Process of human growth by which one gains greater understanding and control over oneself and one's world.

Title Vii of the Civil Rights Act (1964)

Prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or nationality

Title IX of the Education Amendments (1972)

Prohibits sex discrimination in any federally funded education program

Charter School

Public schools with special privileges. Recent years have brought a rapid grown in this type of school. In 2012-2013 there were almost 6,000 schools.

Academic Engaged Time

Refers to the amount of time students are actually engaged in relevant content related activities while experiencing a high rate of success. Involves the ability of a teacher to engage students in academic tasks and to keep their attention on those activities.

Differentiated Instruction

Responds to student differences by offering multiple options for instruction and assessment.

State Board of Education

Responsible for formulating educational policy. The members are usually appointed by the governor, but sometimes they are chosen in a statewide election.

Brown vs Board

Segregated schools are inherently unequal

Zero Tolerance Policy

Sets out predetermined consequences for specific offenses, regardless of the circumstances or disciplinary history of the student involved.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

Students were permitted to wear armbands in school, as long as there was no substantial disruption.

The School Environment

Supports a teachers' efforts to teach and students' efforts to learn. Calm, safe, pleasant and orderly is conducive to learning. Quality instruction, culture of learning, connections to external communities, system performance, accountability. Relational trust - network of trust among people.

Plessy vs Ferguson

Supreme court case that upheld the constitutionality of separate but equal accommodations for African Americans. Ruling was quickly applied to schools.

Academic Freedom

Teach without coercion, censorship or other restrictive influence. (The right to this is not absolute and learning activities should be appropriate, relevant to subjects and not obscene or disruptive)

Behavior Management

Teachers have learned techniques to minimize the time devoted to managing students. These teachers do not resort to corporal punishment.

Communication Among Teachers

Teachers talk among themselves about their work and converse about one another's students. They know the curricular materials and activities that go on in one another's classrooms and are helpful to one another.

Digital Divide

The gap between technology "haves" and "have-nots"

Individualized Education Program

The law specified that each student must be provided with this, outlining both long-range and short-range goals for the child

Social Purposes (Emile Durkheim)

To E.D. schools existed to help mold or guide students into what their society needed and expected of them. A teacher's job was to help students understand their role in the broader social order. Still effective today with teachers stressing how important it is to share. Capacity to share, being sensitive to issues of time and keeping commitments are habits that have wide value in marriage, family life, and community life.

Culture of Poverty

people love in socioeconomic status are seen as being lower-class people who have little prestige or power. App. 1.5 million children in youth are homeless at some point each year. Uprooted from their homes, many live in shelters in distant parts of town. Attending school may require extensive transportation, students are not likely to afford. Many parents, believing to be homeless only for a shirt while may not even try to transfer their child's enrollment. The child may miss a great deal of school. Poor health, hunger, emotional trauma, or being unable to stay awake in class is a result.

Academic Engaged time

the time a student spends on academically related activities or materials while experiencing a high rate of success