EGEE 101 Midterm 2 SPRING 2018
convert a coal price of $90/ton to $/MMBtu
$3.46/MMBtu
which size of particulates are the most harmful to human health?
0.1 microns to 2.0 microns
how many years could coal-to-liquids technology extend our petroleum use?
30 years
which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
absorbed by the ocean
which fossil fuel has the highest heating value per lb.?
natural gas
which fossil fuel is the cleanest burning?
natural gas
is the U.S. a net importer or exporter of natural gas?
net exporter
does fracking cause methane to leak into fresh water aquifers?
no, poorly installed casing does that
what is the main use of petroleum?
transportation
at low concentration rates, doubling the concentration of a chemical typically double its effects
true
how much did the temperature warm from 1850 to 2007?
0.85 Celsius
approximately how much stronger to climate models predict extreme weather like hurricanes will become by 2100?
10%
at current U.S. reserves, how long will coal last?
283 years
if there are 6,500 TCF of proved reserves of natural gas in the world and we are consuming 123 TCF per year, how long until we run out?
52.8 years
at current U.S. reserves, how long will natural gas last?
86 years
what percentage of captured CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery?
88%
according to the IPCC, climate scientists assign what % of certainty that burning fossil fuels is responsible for the warming of the last century?
95%
which coal rank has the highest heating value?
anthracite
which fossil fuel contains ash?
coal
which of the fossil fuels are regional commodities with regional prices?
coal and natural gas
weather and climate are the same thing
false
how much carbon dioxide have we emitted into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels since the industrial revolution?
half a trillion tons
which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
helium
what were the main contributors to the BP oil spill in 2010?
human error and effective compression
hydrocarbons refers to which two elements?
hydrogen and carbon
how do climate scientists reconstruct past temperatures?
ice cores, tree rings, ship logs, satellites
which coal rank has the highest % volatiles?
lignite
Oil and natural gas typically form in what environment?
marine life preserved at the bottom of deep lakes
what is the main component of natural gas?
methane
coal is formed in what environment?
plants in a humic, swamp environment
most of the added natural gas reserves in the U.S. in the past decade have come from
shale gas
how long has hydraulic fracturing "fracking" been being performed in the country?
since 1947
heavy bitumen stuck to sand grains
tar sands
when a large volcano erupts, what is the short term (1-3 year) effect on the earth's climate?
temperatures will decrease
which is more expensive, $100/ton of coal or $3/MCF of natural gas?
the coal
a proximate analysis shows that a certain lignite coal is 10% moisture, 30% volatiles, and 10% ash. what is the % fixed carbon?
50%
who was the first to use petroleum for petrol and not kerosene?
John D. Rockefeller
what two methods are used to mine coal?
deep mining and mountaintop removal
how many ranks of coal are there?
four
the three main problems with fossil fuels are that they are scarce, pollution, and climate change
true