EKG chapt. 1 - Anatomy of the Heart
visceral pericardium
(Epidcardium tissue) Smooth outer layer of the heart wall Purpose is to protect the heart
Epicardium
(same as visceral pericardium)
Largest blood vessel in the body is an artery called
Aorta
When the SA node is not working correctly, the heart has a backup pacemaker that is called
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Endocardium
Lines the chambers and the valves and is considered the innermost layer of the heart wall
Adult male and female heart characteristics
Male- weighs 10-12 ounces Female- 8-10 ounces dimensions 2 1/2- 3 1/2 in wide and 5 in long
Myocardium tissue
Middle layer of the heart wall Composed of cardiac muscle and is the thickest layer of the heart wall. MYOCARDIUM TISSUE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HEART CONTRACTIONS
What tissue is thicker in the ventricles than it is in the atrium because the muscle is needed to push blood into the lungs or body with each contraction
Myocardium tissue
What plays an important role in preventing friction during the normal movement of the heart during contractions.
Pericardial fluid
What artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
What controls systemic blood flow and determines total peripheral resistance (TPR)?
Systemic Circulation
Type of circulation of blood flow to the entire body except the lungs
Systemic circulation
What decreases blood flow and heart rate
Vasodilation
The process of creating a what can only occur in the pacemaker cells that are found in specific regions of the heart?
a. they are on a calorie controlled diet b. they are unable to digest dessert c. they are spending too much money d. they are upsetting others who can't have dessert
Within then 4 heart chambers, the what is the upper or superior right and left chambers
atria
Which of the following plays the important role of exchanging oxygen and nutrients or waste for the other vessels to transport?
blood vessels
What are very thin and fragile blood vessels
capillaries
Type of muscle tissue that has the ability to contract and conduct electrical impulses
cardiac
When all 4 heart valves are operating correctly the valves should open and close completely once each
cardiac cycle
What do intercalated discs allow
cardiac muscle to create synchronized contractions
Most of the veins of the heart muscle drain in to which of the following vessels
coronary sinus
Veins carry what type of blood back to the heart so the cycle can repeat
deoxygenated
What is returned to the heart via several major veins
deoxygenated blood
What tissue is the smooth outer layer of the heart wall where the coronary arteries are located
epicardium
A major vein located within the heart that begins along the anterior ventricles in the apex
great coronary vein
The largest part of the human heart is composed of 4 hollow chambers cavities called
heart chambers
Which of the following veins drains deoxygenated blood from the body below the heart into the right atrium
inferior vena cava
Smooth muscle cells are found in blood vessels and provide which of the following functions
moving and controlling fluids through the blood vessels
Type of heart tissue is responsible for heart contractions
myocardium
Process of creating and electrical impulse can only occur in what cells
pacemaker cells
Within the heart, what type of muscles hold the AV valves in place
papillary
Which of the following contains a tough inelastic outer surface known as the parietal pericardium
pericardardial dac
Heart is surrounded by a protective fibrous membrane called what
pericardium
What is the purpose of the heart septa wall
prevent the blood from mixing
What represents the blood flow between the heart and the lungs
pulmonary circulation
What muscular membrane separates the heart chambers medially into right and left sides
septum
What means a formation that is platelike or consisting of scales
squama
Blood pressure, vascular resistance, and body temp are decreased and blood flow and heart rate are increased in what
vasodilation
In the heart, the mid-sagittal plane is often divided along what heart wall
vertical septa
