Elimination
A client has recently been diagnosed with renal calculi and asks the nurse, "What should I be eating to prevent stone formation?" What is the most appropriate response to the client's statement?
"What you eat can influence your risk of stone formation, but many other factors like hormones and your metabolism are involved."
The nurse is teaching an older adult female client who must provide a urine specimen. Which is the proper method to instruct the client to use to obtain a clean-catch urine specimen?
Catch the urine while holding the labia apart, after allowing the first urine to flow into the toilet.
A client is undergoing peritoneal dialysis as medical treatment for acute renal failure. Before the next instillation, the nurse observes that the client has marked abdominal distention accompanied by pain. Which of the following nursing actions is likely to offer an immediate solution to this problem?
Delay the next dialysis cycle.
The nurse collects a urine sample but forgets the sample in the client's room for several hours. What is the nurse's best action?
Discard the sample and recollect in the morning.
Manifestations of polycystic kidney disease include which of the following?
Increase in kidney size bilaterally
A 6-week-old infant is diagnosed with pyloric stenosis. When taking a health history from the parent, which symptom would the nurse expect to hear described?
Vomiting immediately after feeding
The nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure. Rank in chronological order the phases of acute renal failure. All options must be used.
initial insult oliguric phase diuretic phase recovery phase
A client with interstitial cystitis is prescribed pentosan polysulfate sodium. Which additional medication would cause the nurse to question giving the client this medication as prescribed?
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Which treatment intervention is recommended for infants who have a severe case of hypospadias?
surgical repair
The client had an ostomy created 3 days prior. The nurse is planning to teach the client how to empty the ostomy pouch. What is the best time for the nurse to conduct the teaching?
the time that the nurse and client mutually agree upon
A client has a risk for skin breakdown due to incontinence. Which nursing actions for the client will help with decreasing this risk? Select all that apply.
Have scheduled toileting every 2 hours. Cleanse the perineal area daily and after each incontinent episode. Maintain a voiding record to determine any patterns of incontinence
The nurse is assessing a client who has a unilateral obstruction of the urinary tract. Which clinical finding by the nurse correlates to this diagnosis?
Increase in blood pressure
A client tells the nurse that he is experiencing involuntary loss of urine associated with a strong desire to void (urgency). The nurse would recognize this as:
Urge incontinence
Which complication is associated with prostatic hyperplasia?
Urine retention
A nurse is preparing to measure a client's urine output. Which interventions would be of highest priority?
Wearing gloves when handling the urine
Hypertrophy may occur as the result of normal physiologic or abnormal pathologic conditions. The increase in muscle mass associated with exercise is an example of physiologic hypertrophy. Pathologic hypertrophy occurs as the result of disease conditions and may be adaptive or compensatory. Examples of adaptive hypertrophy are the thickening of the urinary bladder from long-continued obstruction of urinary outflow and the myocardial hypertrophy that results from valvular heart disease or hypertension. What is compensatory hypertrophy?
When one kidney is removed, the remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the loss
When collecting a urine sample from a client for examination, the nurse notes that the sample appears reddish-brown in color. What could cause this variation in color of the urine?
blood
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with genitourinary tuberculosis (TB). Which statement, made by the client, about genitourinary TB demonstrates an understanding?
"It's a late manifestation of respiratory tuberculosis."
A client who suffers from spastic bladder has been catheterized to promote bladder emptying. Which medication should the nurse plan on the physician ordering to also treat this problem?
Anticholinergic medication
A client is to begin peritoneal dialysis. The nurse knows that peritoneal dialysis may result in which complications? Select all that apply.
Catheter-related infection Hyperglycemia Dehydration
A client is currently experiencing a high level of parasympathetic stimulation. The nurse should anticipate which effects of this form of autonomic stimulation? Select all that apply.
Increased salivation Increased bowel motility
A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with GFR < 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 should be monitored for which fluid and electrolyte imbalance? Select all that apply.
Polyuria Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hyponatremia
A patient is receiving oxybutynin for treatment of overactive bladder. The patient also takes haloperidol (Haldol) drug as an antipsychotic agent. What effect of interaction of these two drugs should the nurse observe in the patient?
Decreased effect of the antipsychotic drug
While studying about the process of urination, the nursing student learns that which muscle is known as the "muscle of micturition"?
Detrusor muscle
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the major functions of the kidney. What should the nurse include in the discussion? Select all that apply.
Elimination of water Removal of waste products Removal of excess electrolytes
The nurse is teaching a client about loperamide, which the health care provider has prescribed for treatment of chronic diarrhea. Which adverse effects should the nurse be sure to mention?
Nausea
Early in pregnancy, frequent urination results mainly from which of the following?
Pressure on bladder
While making a follow-up home visit to a client in her first week postpartum, the nurse notes that she has lost 5 pounds. Which reason for this loss would be the most likely?
diuresis
A client is receiving hemodialysis for chronic kidney failure. The nurse understands the client is at an increased risk for which condition?
serum hepatitis
When caring for the client with proteinuria, the nurse recognizes that dysfunction in which structure of the kidney allows protein to leak into the urine?
Glomerulus
An 8-year-old child is admitted with a T3 spinal cord compression following a motor vehicle accident. The child has an abrupt onset of elevated blood pressure, headache, profuse sweating, and flushing of the skin. What is the priority action for the nurse to take?
Empty the child's bladder.
Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis, as its name implies, follows an acute infection somewhere else in the body. What is the most common cause of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
Group A β-hemolytic streptococci
A client has been prescribed an aminoglycoside. In order to prevent accumulation of the drug, what should the nurse encourage the client to do?
Increase fluid intake.
Which nursing diagnosis is highest priority for a patient with history of urinary urgency who is taking oxybutynin (Ditropan)?
Risk for impaired urinary elimination
The nurse is preparing to administer an antidiarrheal to a client. The nurse will question this order if which organism is documented on the stool sample report? Select all that apply.
Shigella Salmonella E coli
A nurse is instructing the client to do Kegel exercises. What should the nurse tell the client to do to perform these pelvic floor exercises?
Stop the flow of urine while urinating.
The pediatric nurse is teaching the parent of a newborn with hypospadias about the disorder. Which information does the nurse provide?
The opening of the urethra is found on the underside of the penis.
In which clients are the use of cidofovir contraindicated?
clients with renal impairment
A child is hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome. Which measurement is best for the nurse to determine the child's edema?
weight, daily
