Embalming chapter 8
Contents of the carotid sheath
-Internal Jugular vein (lateral to artery), vagus nerve (between and posterior to artery and vein), common carotid artery (medial to vein).
Linear Guide
A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure.
Posterior tibial artery linear guide
An imaginary line extending from the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the medial maleolus and the calcaneus bone
Incision for raising the brachial vessels
An incision made along the upper one-third of the linear guide
Left subclavian artery
Begins at the level of the second costal cartilage and extends to the lateral border of the first rib
Right subclavian artery
Begins at the right sternoclavicular articulation and extends to the lateral border of the first rib; in the complete autopsy, the branches need to be clamped
Relationship of the brachial artery to the brachial vein
Brachial vein is medial and superficial to the brachial artery
Dorsalis pedis artery linear guide
Draw a line from the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the first and second toes.
descending abdominal aorta
Extends from the diaphragm to the lower border of the fourth lumbar vertebra.
Femoral artery anatomical limit
Extends from the point behind the center of the inguinal ligament to the opening of the adductor magnus muscle
Brachial artery linear guide
From the center of the base of the axillary space to the center of the forearm just below the bend of the elbow
Anterior tibial artery linear guide
From the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle joint
Common carotid linear guide
From the sternoclavicular articulation to the base of the earlobe
Branches of the descending aorta (parietal)
Inferior phrenic Superior suprarenals Lumbar Middle sacral
Ulnar Artery Anatomical Guide
Lies lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (lies between tendons of flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis).
Branches of the descending aorta (paired visceral)
Middle suprarenals Renals Internal spermatic/ovarian Common iliac
Femoral artery linear guide
On surface of thigh from center of inguinal ligament to center point on medial condyle of femur
Ascending aorta
Originates at the left ventricle; at its beginning, the aortic semilunar valve should close, thus creating the pathway for the arterial solution
Common carotid anatomical guide
Posterior to the medial border of the SCM
Common carotid origin
Right common is a branch of the brachiocephalic artery. Left common is a branch off the arch of the aorta.
One muscle the embalmer should be familiar with?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
Anterior tibial artery anatomical guide
The anterior tibial vessels are located in a groove between the tibialis anterior muscle and the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.
Radial Artery Anatomical Guide
The artery is located just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle and just medial to the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle.
Relationship of the axillary artery to the Axillary vein
The axillary artery is located lateral and deep to the axillary vein
Three bony boundaries for the cervicoaxillary Canal
The clavicle, the scapula & the first rib
Incision for raising the axillary vessels
The incision is made along the anterior margin of the hairline of the axilla with the arm abducted
Relationship of the common carotid to the internal jugular vein?
The internal jugular vein lies lateral and superficial to the common carotid artery.
Ulnar Artery Anatomical Limit
The ulnar artery extends from a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over the pisiform bone (hypothenar eminence)
Relationship of the popliteal artery and vein
The vein lies posterior and medial to the artery. Because of the location of these vessels, the vein can also be described as lying superficial to the artery
Femoral artery anatomical guide
Through the center of the femoral triangle bounded laterally by the sartorius and medially by the adductor longus muscle
Relationship of the radial artery and the vena comintantes
Two small veins (venae comitantes) lie on each side of the artery
Ulnar Artery - Relationship of the Ulnar Artery to the Venae Comitantes
Two small veins (venae comitantes) lie on either side of the artery
Anatomical Guide
a method of locating a structure by reference to an adjacent known or prominent structure
Branches of the right and left external carotid arteries
ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal
Radial Artery Anatomical Limit
extends from a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over the base of the thumb (thenar emenince)
Anterior tibial artery anatomical limit
extends from a point beginning at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle to a point in front of the middle of the ankle joint on the respective sides
Posterior tibial anatomical limit
extends from a point beginning at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle to a point over and between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus of the respective foot
Femoral Triangle
inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
Branches of the right subclavian artery
internal thoracic artery Inferior thyroid
Brachial artery anatomical guide
lies in the bicipital groove at the posterior margin of the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle
Popliteal artery anatomical guide
located between the popliteal surface of the femur and the oblique popliteal ligament
Posterior tibial artery anatomical guide
located between the posterior border of the tibia and the calcaneus tendon
Axillary artery anatomical guide
located just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle
Ulnar Artery Linear Guide
on the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa (elbow ditch) to a point between the ring & pinky finger
Radial artery linear guide
on the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa (elbow ditch) to the center of the base of the pointer finger
Radial artery origin
originates at the bifurcation of the brachial artery
Ulnar artery origin
originates at the bifurcation of the brachial artery
branches of ascending aorta
right and left coronary arteries
Relationship of the femoral artery and vein
the femoral artery lies lateral and superficial to the femoral vein
Anatomical limit
the point of origin and point of termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures
Common carotid anatomical limit
the right common carotid begins at the level of the right sternoclavicular articulation and extends to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. The left common carotid begins at the level of the second costal cartilage and extends to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage
Axillary artery linear guide
through the center of the base of the axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity when abducted
Popliteal artery linear guide
through the center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity
Axillary artery anatomical limit
begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib and extends to the lower border of the tendon of the teres major muscle
Brachial anatomical limit
begins at the lower bordor of the tendon of tere major muscle and extends to the antecubital fossa (elbow ditch)
Popliteal artery anatomical limit
begins at the opening of the adductor magnus muscle and terminates at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle
Branches of the arch of the aorta
brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
Axillary artery origin
continuation of the subclavian artery
Branches of the descending aorta (unpaired visceral)
Celiac axis Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric
Brachial artery origin
Continuation of the axillary artery
Femoral artery origin
Continuation of the external iliac artery
Arch of the aorta
center of arterial solution distribution
Popliteal artery origin
continuation of the femoral artery
