Embalming Comprehensive Exam Review
The maximum average level of exposure to formaldehyde over an eight hour time period is
.75 ppm
Which of these valves are found in the human heart? 1. Bicuspid valve 2. Tricuspid valve 3. Cardiac valve 4. Pyloric valve
1 and 2
If you use 16 oz. of 30 index fluid, how many gallons of a 2.5% solution will you have?
1 ½ gallons
Which of these compounds are organic in nature? 1. Hydrocarbons 2. Alcohols 3. Aldehydes 4. Ketones
1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following is another name for cadaverine?
1,5-diaminopentane
There is an immediate danger to health and life if exposed to formaldehyde levels above
100 ppm
What index fluid must you use to have 2 gallons of diluted fluid with a strength of 1% if you use 16 oz. of concentrated fluid?
16
The point of entry for the trocar when aspirating the cavities is
2 inches above and 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus.
The number of classified bones in the make-up of the human skeleton is`
206
How much of a 16 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 1.5% solution?
24
The percentage by weight of formaldehyde in formalin is
37%
If you used 2 bottles of arterial fluid to make 3½ gallons of a 3% solution, what would the index of the arterial fluid be?
42 index
The average volume of blood in an adult human body is
5 liters
The number of fluid ounces of a 25 index arterial fluid needed to prepare one gallon of solution with a strength of one percent would be
5.1
What percentage of the total blood volume is plasma?
55%
The pH reading of normal blood would be
7.3-7.4
The normal pH of the living body is
7.4
How many bones are in the the axial skeleton?
80
Which of the following would NOT be found in a pre-injection fluid?
A high concentration of formaldehyde
What type of compound is hemoglobin?
A protein
Which section of the aorta gives rise to the inferior phrenic and celiac trunk arteries?
Abdominal aorta
A bronze discoloration develops on the body as a result of
Addison's disease
Which of the following are the first products of decomposition?
Amino acids
Generalized edema is referred to as
Anasarca
Which of the following does not favor dehydration
Anasarca
The study of the vascular system is
Angiology
Which anatomical feature influences the form of the head form a frontal view?
Angle of the mandible
What connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries?
Anterior communicating artery
Which chemical agents retard the tendency of blood to become more viscous?
Anticoagulants
Which of the following is considered to be the longest artery of the body?
Aorta artery
The term tunica externa suggests which of the following body structures?
Artery
Which of these is an example of a perfuming agent?
Benzaldehyde
What is another name for the left atrio-ventricular valve?
Bicuspid valve
Which of the following is described as osseous tissue?
Bone
Which of the following bifurcates into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries?
Brachiocephalic artery
Which of the following are always present in carbohydrates?
C, H, O
Which of the following supplies blood to the stomach?
Celiac trunk artery
What type of change occurs when the composition of a substance is altered and a new substance is formed?
Chemical change
Which of the following microorganisms is recognized as the causative agent of tissue gas?
Clostridium perfringens
That procedure of disinfection which takes place during the embalming process would most correctly apply to which of the following?
Concurrent disinfection
Blood is classified as which type of elementary tissue?
Connective tissue
The meninges are
Coverings over the central nervous system
What type of autopsy involves the post mortem examination of the brain only?
Cranial autopsy
Which is NOT classified as a chemical change?
Desiccation
How can an extravascular discoloration be dealt with during the embalming process?
Discoloration can be lessened by adding a bleaching agent to the arterial fluid
What are the quaternary ammonium compounds used for in embalming fluids?
Disinfectants
The destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic bacteria and their products in or on the body defines which of the following terms?
Disinfection
Which of the following is a reliable sign of fluid distribution?
Distention of the superficial vessels
The movement of embalming solutions from the point if injection through the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins is called
Distribution
An influential person in medical embalming, who discovered the circulation of blood in 1628 was
Dr. William Harvey
The individual who is credited with the discovery of the circulation of blood is
Dr. William Harvey
Which is an antemortem extravascular blood discoloration?
Ecchymosis
Which term was defined as a set of principles that governs conduct for the purpose of establishing harmony in all human relations?
Ethics
What is the name given to a type of purge which has a color and odor consistent with that of arterial fluid solution?
False purge
What is the atomic symbol for iron?
Fe
The discoloration resulting when HCHO reacts with hemoglobin in the tissues
Formaldehyde gray
How many main classes of inorganic compounds are there?
Four
Which of the following characterizes lung purge?
Frothy white color
Which chemical agents render microorganisms incapable of growth and reproduction?
Germicides
A blood-filled swelling is descriptive of which of the following?
Hematoma
What kind of gland is the pancreas?
Heterocrine gland
What psychosocial condition creates the necessity of having a funeral?
Human attachment
Which of the following pairs of elements are present in a hydrocarbon compound?
Hydrogen and Carbon
What type of solution has the power to attract a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into itself?
Hypertonic solution
In the nine region plan, which region of the abdominal pelvic cavity is located immediately inferior to the umblical region?
Hypogastric
Which of these is NOT a sign of decomposition?
Hypostasis of the blood
The funeral professional is meeting with a family where a tragic death has occurred. Judicial counsel would be best represented by which statement?
I will do my best to make John presentable, and permit you to make the final decision prior to the public visitation
If you are embalming a body which has an infectious disease when should the cavity treatment procedure begin?
Immediately after arterial injection is completed
Which of these is NOT a recommended method of mouth closure?
Injection of the corrugator muscle with cavity fluid
Which of these suture patterns is best suited for exposed skin?
Intradermal stitch
What type of solutions can be placed on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane without either solution attracting solvent from the other solution across the membrane?
Isotonic solutions
What is the purpose of adding Oil of Wintergreen to an embalming fluid?
It can act as a perfuming agent
Which of the following is NOT true about formaldehyde?
It can be oxidized into methanol
What is the relationship of the femoral vein to the femoral artery?
It lies medial and deep
Which of the following treatments would be used for the embalming of a dehydrated body?
Large volume of a dilute solution
Which of these is the last chamber of the heart to contain oxygenated blood before it enters into the aorta?
Left ventricle
Which of the following treatments should be used when intravascular difficulties are manifested during the embalming process?
Low pressure, slow rate of flow
Which of these describes protein molecules?
Many amino acids linked together
Who was the first to note capillary circulation?
Marcello Malpighi
Which of these is the same as the freezing point of water?
Melting point
Which of the following is the simplest of the hydrocarbon compounds?
Methane
The study of muscles is
Myology
What is the electrical charge of an electron?
Negative
Which of these bones has a bony landmark called the external occipital protuberance?
Occipital bone
Which of the following is a circular muscle of the eye?
Orbicularis oculi
Which of the following is a sphincter muscle of the mouth?
Orbicularis oris
Which of these is the solid state of formaldehyde?
Paraformaldehyde
What blood vessel begins at the opening of the adductor magnus muscle?
Popliteal artery
What type of anticoagulant will breakup clots by causing the mineral particles of the blood to fall out of suspension?
Precipitants
The science of treating the body chemically, so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition, would most appropriately apply to which of the following terms?
Preservation
What type of chemical agents are capable of inactivating saprophytic bacteria, rendering unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive, and arresting the decomposition process?
Preservatives
Which of the following blood valves transmit de-oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary semilunar and Tricuspid valve (1 and 3)
The color of cadaveric lividity can best be described by which of the following?
Purple
Which of these conditions contributes to skin-slip?
Putrefaction of the body tissues
What color is imparted to the body by radium treatments?
Red
When treating blisters, what treatment is incorrect
Remove loose integument before embalming
Which chamber of the heart contains the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae associated with the tricuspid valve?
Right ventricle
Which of the following post mortem changes is NOT a physical change?
Rigor mortis
Of the following, the one that is used in embalming fluids as an anticoagulant is
Sodium citrate
What posture is the cadaver assumed to be in when it is placed in the anatomical position?
Standing erect
What blood vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the small intestine and the right half of the large intestine?
Superior mesenteric artery
Which of the following blood vessels is NOT suitable for injection of arterial fluids into a small infant?
Superior vena cava
Which of the following solutions contains the most solute?
Supersaturated
What are sulfonate compounds used for in embalming fluids?
Surface active agents
Which of the following is not a chemical change?
Tearing of paper
Which bone(s) is (are) located inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone?
Temporal
Who is responsible for creating the secondary dilution of the arterial solution?
The body of the deceased
A preparation room supply used in mouth closure that is forced into the mandible and maxilla
The correct answer is: is and injector needle.
Which of these is considered to be the most important aspect of the embalming operation?
The disinfection of the body
Which of the following is characteristic of organic compounds?
The molecular structure is complex
Which of the following actions would help normalize the moisture content of an emaciated body?
The slow injection of a mild solution
How many pairs of electrons are shared between two adjacent carbon atoms in an alkyne compound?
Three
An extrinsic variable factor in the embalming is
Time lapse between death and embalming
Which of these is NOT a purpose for blood drainage?
To create dehydration
Which sentence is not part of the definition of embalming?
Treatment used to permit positive visual memories.
Which of the following conditions creates intravascular resistance to fluid distribution?
Vascular disease
An abbreviation for the name of an element is
a atomic symbol
Decomposition of the human body is
a chemical change
What is the result of two or more elements chemically united in a definite proportion by weight?
a compound
What type of substance is lanolin?
a humectant
Any traumatic or pathological change in the structure of the skin
a lesion
Two or more substances that are combined together but are NOT chemically combined form
a mixture
The smallest particle of a compound that retains all of the properties of that compound is
a molecule
Two or more atoms of the same element form
a molecule
A mechanical device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone is
a needle injector
An alcohol with a single hydroxyl unit attached to an end carbon atom is
a primary alcohol
Adipocere is chemically most similar to
a soap
The substance that an enzyme act upon is
a substrate
A group of organs acting together to perform a common function is
a system
The act of moving the arm laterally is
abduction
The key ingredient of an arterial fluid classified as a cosmetic fluid is
active dye
The medial boundary of the femoral triangle is formed by the
adductor longus
Which of these is a muscle of the thigh?
adductor longus
The saponification of fatty acids in the dead human body produces
adipocere
Organic hydroxide compounds are better known as
alcohols
A carbohydrate molecule that contains an aldehyde group is
aldose
The cooling of the body to the temperature of its surroundings is
algor mortis
The post mortem loss of body heat is
algor mortis
An important factor to be considered in case analysis is
all of these (cause of death, moisture content of tissues, age)
The method of drainage in relation to injection in which an amount of arterial fluid is injected and then drainage is allowed to flow for a period of time, each one separately is the method.
alternate
The terminal air sacs of the lungs are known as
alveoli
The partial oxidation of a primary alcohol yields
an aldehyde
An instrument which is inserted into the artery for the introduction of fluid is
an arterial tube
The type of blood vessel that carries blood in a general direction away from the heart is
an artery
A protein compound that acts as a biological catalyst in chemical reactions is
an enzyme
Distension of the body tissues is a complication of
anasarca
Any surface, prominence, or structure which is used in establishing the location of an adjacent structure or prominence is a(n)
anatomical guide
The study of the structure of the body is
anatomy
A discoloration that appears on the body during life is considered
ante mortem
Of the following arteries which one is involved in the make-up of the Circle of Willis
anterior cerebral artery
Chemicals which retard the increase in viscosity of the blood are
anticoagulants
Blood exits from the left ventricle of the heart through the
aorta
The continuation of the ascending aorta is the
aortic arch
Which of these instruments is inserted into an artery to facilitate the introduction of arterial fluid?
arterial tube
An accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is
ascites
Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic factor to be considered in case analysis?
atmospheric conditions
The self destruction of cells is known as
autolysis
Just behind the medial border of the coraco-brachialis muscle is the anatomical guide for the artery.
axillary
Which blood vessel begins at the lateral border of the first rib and terminates as it passes by the tendon of teres major muscle?
axillary artery
Each of the following arteries are paired EXCEPT the
basilar artery
The liver produces
bile
Embalming chemicals which are used on discolored areas of the body and are intended to remove the discolorations or at least lessen the intensity of the discoloration are
bleaches
The middle sections of the sternum is referred to as the
body
Which of these is the last of the body compounds to decompose?
bone
Venous circulation is considered to terminate in the
both atria of the heart.
An embalming chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues is a(n)
buffer
Organic chemistry is a study of
carbon compounds
Which of these substances is NOT derived from the decomposition of proteins?
carbon monoxide
The valve at the entrance to the stomach is the
cardiac sphincter
Those pre-embalming considerations given to the case at hand are called
case analysis
Those ions in a solution which are positively charged are called
cations
Example of an intrinsic factor in case analysis
cause of death
The ileum joins the large intestine at the
cecum
The vermiform appendix projects from the wall of the
cecum
What is involved in the cremation of a body?
chemical change
The science that deals with the nature of matter and the changes it undergoes is
chemistry
What should the relative temperature of the primary dilution water be to embalm a severely dehydrated case
cold
The arteries that arise from the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta are the
common iliac arteries
The irreversible total cessation of metabolic activity is known as a(n)
death
The decomposition of protein by the action of aerobic bacteria is
decay
pH is a measure of the
degree of acidity or alkalinity
What is benzaldehyde used for in embalming fluids?
deodorant
Another name for glucose is
dextrose
The phrenic muscle may also be called the
diaphragm
The process by which particles of a single solute move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration would be
diffusion
Phenol is used in embalming fluids as a
disinfectant
The movement of embalming solutions from the point if injection through the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins is called
distribution
Eosine, ponceau, and erythrosine are used in embalming fluids as
dyes
Fundamental types of matter that cannot be converted into other kinds by ordinary chemical means are
elements
The simplest forms of matter are
elements
Another term for the brain is
encephalon
The cerebellum is a division of the
encephalon
The innermost layer of the heart is the
endocardium
What of these lists include all of the basic types of blood cells?
erythrocyte, leucocyte, thrombocyte
The most numerous of the corpuscles are the
erythrocytes
The red blood cells are called
erythrocytes
The portion of the alimentary canal that is located between the pharynx and the stomach is the
esophagus
Glands that secrete their products through a duct system only are the
exocrine glands
Factors influencing the rate of decomposition such as air, environmental temperature, and moisture in the atmosphere are known as
extrinsic factors
The first muscle tissue to be affected by rigor mortis is
eyes
Ribs which do not articulate with sternum are
false ribs
Esters of glycerol and fatty acids are
fats
The by-products of the hydrolysis of fats are
fatty acids and glycerol
A bone of the lower extremity is the
fibula
Index is a measure of fluid strength which considers the percentage of
formaldehyde
The dome-shaped upper portion of the uterus is the
fundus
The opening between the pharynx and larynx is
glottis
Sugar in the bloodstream is in the form of
glucose
An instrument which may be used to guide an arterial or vein tube into a vessel in the
groove director
The coronary arteries supply blood to the
heart
The swelling and bursting of the red blood cells is
hemolysis
A substance in embalming fluid which serves to retain moisture in the body is known as
humectants
Chemical additives that act as moisture retainers in the tissues are termed
humectants
The type of solution which would result in the shrinking or shriveling of a blood cell is
hypertonic solution
The settling of the blood to the dependent parts if the body is known as
hypostasis
The type of solution which would result in the swelling and bursting of a blood cell is
hypotonic solution
Where are the chordae of tendineae located?
in the ventricles of the heart
The companion vein to the common carotid artery is the
internal jugular vein
Which of the following joins the subclavian vein to form the innominate vein?
internal jugular vein
Variable factors encountered with every dead body are classified as
intrinsic or extrinsic
The middle section of the small intestine is the
jejunum
The pulmonary veins convey highly oxygenated blood into the
left atrium
Which of the following structures is NOT involved in the systemic circulation?
left atrium
The heart chamber in which systemic circulation originates is the
left ventricle
What method of mouth closure would be used to secure the mouth of the body that has dentures but also serious gum disease
mandibular suture
Deodorants are used in embalming fluids as
masking agents
A body part which lies closest to the mid-sagittal plane is said to be
medial
The imaginary vertical plane that cuts through the body in such a manner as to divide it into two symmetrical halves is referred to as the
median plane
The space between the lungs which houses the heart and larger blood vessels is the
mediastinum
Which of the following is part of the encephalon?
medulla
The dura mater is a division of the
meninges
Upon complete hydrolysis, carbohydrates yield
monosaccharides
A single muscle fiber is
myocyte
Which of these is NOT a muscle of mastication?
orbicularis oris
The swelling of a body during embalming is due to
osmosis
The process of bone formation is
ossification
The characteristics of a substance observed without altering the composition of it are
physical properties
A discoloration that appears on the body after death is
post mortem
The artery of the Circle of Willis that transports blood from the internal carotid artery to the posterior cerebral artery is the
posterior communicating artery
The temporary rise in body temperature after death is called
postmortem caloricity
With the embalming machine turned on and the rate of flow valve closed the type of pressure being shown on the pressure gauge is
potential pressure
Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria and alter tissues so as to render them less susceptible to decomposition are
preservatives
The dilution of concentrated arterial fluid as prepared by the embalmer is called the
primary dilution
Water of high mineral content, such as hard water, tends to
promote blood clotting
What substance undergoes the process of decay by aerobic bacterial enzymes?
proteins
The post mortem evacuation of any substance from any external orifice of the body due to internal and/or external pressure is
purge
What suture is used to close a trocar puncture?
purse-string
The sphincter valve situated in the orifice between the stomach and the small intestine is the
pyloric
Which of the following in NOT an instrinsic factor in case analysis
refrigeration
What system of the body contains the glottis?
respiratory system
According to Robert Mayer, the basic ethical axiom for the funeral service professional is
reverence for the dead
The tricuspid valve is located between the
right atrium and right ventricle
In the femoral triangle the femoral artery is bordered laterally by the muscle
sartorius
What portion of the skeleton is composed of facial and cranial bones?
skull
The pH of normal blood is
slightly alkaline
Paraformaldehyde is formaldehyde in a
solid state
A humectant commonly used in embalming fluids is
sorbitol
The procedure of injection and drainage in which injection is accomplished at one place and drainage is taken from another is called
split
Directing the trocar point toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left midaxillary line is the trocar guide for the
stomach
The components of arterial fluid which is designed to decrease the molecular cohesion at the surface of a liquid is a
surfactant
The part of the vascular system that takes oxygenated blood to the body and then returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart is the
systemic circulation
The carotid canal is found in what bone?
temporal
The connective tissue structure which attaches muscle to muscle or muscle to bone is a
tendon
The study of death is
thanatology
The atomic number of an element is equivalent to
the total number of it's protons or electrons.
How many layers of meninges are there?
three
Which of the following would be the most likely to cause intravascular resistance to fluid distribution?
thrombi
Another name for the right atrio-ventricular valve of the heart is
tricuspid valve
The inner layer of the wall of an artery or vein is the
tunica intima
A solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is
unsaturated
A solution containing less solute than it could hold under ordinary conditions is
unsaturated.
The slender tube which conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the
ureter
The outer orbital ring of metallic and non-metallic elements will contain the
valance electrons
In use with embalming fluids, water and methyl alcohol are two examples of
vehicle
Water, when used in embalming fluids, is used as a
vehicle
The measure of a liquid's resistance to flow is
viscosity
A bone that is NOT a cranial bone is the
vomer bone
Which of the following bones is a part of the nasal septum?
vomer bone
Of all the chemical compounds the most depended upon, by plants and animals, is
water
The most abundant compound known in inorganic chemistry is
water
The most common vehicle used in embalming fluids is
water
Surfactants are also referred to as
wetting agents
Co-injection fluids are used
with arterial solutions
Another name for methyl alcohol is
wood alcohol
