Embalming Review
What is the ratio of call volume to necessary tables?
1 table for 100-125 cases per year 2 tables for 150-350 cases per year (Both are correct, he has the option of 2 tables per 200-250 cases per year, which falls into the book provided amount listed above) "embalming p.80"
Casper's Law of 1:2:8 is
1 week in the air, 2 weeks in the water, 8 weeks in the ground. "Principals and Practice of Embalming pg.81"
Autoclaves use steam under pressure at temps above
100 deg. C
The short term exposure level for formaldehyde is:
2 PPM
If an employee is medically removed from formaldehyde exposure, how long can their benefits continue?
6 months. "Embalming p.65"
Normal body pH is
7.4
The optimal temperature for bacterial growth is:
98-100 deg, F
Mold preventative agents fall into which category of prep room chemicals?
Accessory Chemicals
Increased blood viscosity brought on by the clumping of the blood's formed elements is called:
Agglutination
Which of the following is not a problem caused by bacterial translocation?
Agglutination. "Embalming p.302" -Tissue gas, subcutaneous emphysema, and capillary permeability are all problems caused by bacterial translocation
An increase of temperature just prior to death is called:
Agonal Fever
The ante-mortem slowing of circulation causing clots to form is called:
Agonal coagulation
Covering, environment, and cause of death, are all extrinsic factors for:
Algor Mortis
Which of the following is of embalming significance of dehydration?
All of these. (Increased blood viscosity, darkened skin surface, and can preserve the body)
Which of the following is possible during the agonal stage
All of these. (Edema, hypostasis, and capillary expansion)
What chemicals are the sources of putrefactive odors?
Amines Mercaptans Hydrogen sulfide
What instrument is used for blunt dissection and raising vessels?
Aneurysm hook
Cannula is AKA
Arterial tube
The breakdown of tissues due to lysins, and not microbial assistance is called:
Autolysis
Motility, hypostasis, and bloodstream movement are all causes of:
Bacterial Translocation
What is the irreversible phase of somatic death called when organs no longer function?
Biological Death
Which of the following is not an extrinsic factor effecting Algor Mortis?
Body temp. (Covering, environment, and cause of death all are extrinsic factors)
A device placed under the body for movement in and out of refrigeration is called a
Body transfer board
The organism that causes tissue gas is called
C. perfingens
A dead human body for medical purposes is:
Cadaver
Heightened awareness to pathogen exposure should be during:
Casketing
The cellular breakdown stage is the ____ stage
Catabolic
What class of embalming is the direct treatment of the body's hollow viscera?
Cavity Embalming
What is it called when spontaneous heartbeat and respiration cease?
Clinical Death
What are the 5 signs of decomposition?
Color Odor Purge Desquamation Accumulation of gas
Adipocere occurs when a body...
Comes into contact with Alkaline Soil
What is the type of disinfection that takes place during the embalming process?
Concurrent Disinfection
The ability of cells to draw moisture is called
Imbibition
Which of the following is not a reason to clamp drained veins to control formaldehyde?
Incisions are easier to seal
How does body weight affect algor mortis?
Increased mass = slower cooling
A hand pump can be used for
Injection AND Aspiration
What is an embalming significance of livor mortis?
Is an indicator of fluid distribution
What is NOT true of putrefaction?
It doesn't smell. (because it does smell! and it is a breakdown of protein that is the result of anaerobic bacteria)
Intravascular blood discoloration due to hypostasis is called:
Livor Mortis
Postmortem lividity and cadaveric stain are both terms for:
Livor Mortis
Employees receiving HAZCOM training should be told:
Location of MSDS
Hemostats can also be called
Locking forceps
Which of the following does not affect Algor Mortis?
Moisture. "Embalming p.112" -Corpulence, surface area, and temperature do affect Algor Mortis!
What does not cause subcutaneous emphysema?
Moisture. "Embalming p.303" -Trauma, Surgical procedure, and lung puncture do cause sub. emphysema!
A dying condition:
Moribund
Which of the following is a sign of death?
Muscular Flaccidity
Which is not basic info on an embalming report?
Name of the Embalmer
The natural cycle of cellular death is called
Necrobiosis
A device used to impel metal pins into the bone is called
Needle injector
When designing a ventilation system for your prep room you should have
New air vented in from the ceiling (old air out at the floor) AND multispeed control
What law describes the progression of rigor throughout the body?
Nysten's Law
Extrovascular blood coloring due to the hemolysis of blood cells is called:
Postmortem Stain
Chemicals used to inactivate saprophytic bacteria are
Preservatives
What is not a purpose for embalming?
Provide income for the FH
Which is not an considered to be an occupational hazard to embalmers?
Psychological
The final products of hydrolysis are called:
Ptomaines
The decomposition of proteins under anaerobic conditions that produces a smell is called:
Putrefaction
What are the 2 types of proteolysis?
Putrefaction Decay
The purpose of the electric spatula is to
Reduce swelling (also to dry moist tissue, and restore contour to natural form)
According to the non-legal definition of embalming, it is a process of chemically treating the dead to:
Retard organic decomposition
Difficulty posing features, extravascular resistance, and a splotchy appearance are all significant of:
Rigor Mortis
Which of the following is a postmortem chemical change?
Rigor Mortis
What sign of death does not appear in the eye?
Rolled upwards. (Clouded cornea, loss of luster, and flatness do)
What occurs after the death of muscle cells and their release?
Secondary Flaccidity
Cessation of respiration and circulation, and muscular flaccidity are all:
Signs of death
The first step in the process of death is
Somatic
More surface area effects algor mortis by:
Speeding it up AND Being offset by body mass
_____ embalming is done through direct contact of embalming chemicals on the tissues.
Surface
The passage of air over a body's surface causes:
Surface evapuration
T/F Adipocere can be a product of lipolysis.
TRUE. "Embalming p.120"
T/F Embalming destroys water holding reactive centers in the body.
TRUE. "Embalming p.32"
T/F Embalming plays a part in religious beliefs.
TRUE. "Embalming p.8"
T/F Your prep room doors should be a minimum of 3 feet.
TRUE. "Embalming p.85"
Any disinfection that takes place after the embalming operation is called
Terminal Disinfection
Postmortem caloricity is
The continued function of the bodies metabolism, resulting in an elevated body temperature, which is usually found in sudden deaths. "All of these"
Agonal Hypostasis is
The settling of blood ante-mortem
Which of the following is not a material eye caps are made of?
They are all made of these. (Metal, cloth, and plastic) "Principals and Practices of Embalming p.355" +/or RA p.370
What is not true of preservative chemicals?
They are pre-injection chemicals. (they inactivate saprophytic bacteria, alter lysins in the body, and convert decomposing tissue)
What are the 3 general classifications of people allowed in the prep room?
Those allowed by law Those allowed by family Funeral professionals
Level of gas present over 8 hours is called:
Time Weighted Average (TWA)
The movements of microorganisms caused when a body loses its defenses is called
Translocation
Treating everyone as if they are a potential hazard is called
Universal Procautions
What are the two correct ways people are allowed to authorize embalming?
Verbal Written
The difference between an aneurysm hook and an aneurysm needle is:
an eye in the hook portion
Your prep room door should be as wide as the widest
casket
Periodic testing for formaldehyde over the limit must be done
every 6 months for over the action limit
Devices used to restore the curvature of eyelids are called
eyecaps
An instrument used to guide drainage tubes into veins is called a
groove director
The best floor for a prep room is
ground floor
What is true of rigor mortis
it occurs within 8-20 hours
What may result from too much formaldehyde exposure?
jaundice, swollen eyelids and bruising eyelids
A device used to shape the contour of the lips is called a
mouth former
Accessory Chemicals are usually applied to
the body surface
To embalmers, angular forceps are used for
DRAINAGE ONLY
A physical appearance of gurgling mucous in the throat of a dying person is called:
Death Rattle
Embalming works by _____ proteins.
Denaturing
Which of the following is a sign of decomposition?
Desquamation
The disinfection function of embalming
Destroy autolytic enzymes
Chemicals applied to inanimate objects are called
Disinfectants
"Destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products" is the definition of
Disinfection
What is not included on an MSDS?
Distributor
What is not a uiniversal conviction as it applies to embalming
Economical
A device that uses a motor to create suction for aspiration is called a
Electric Aspirator
What is not an example of an engineering control?
Embalming machine lid
A ____ test for death is conducted by a person who is legally certified
Expert
What uniform policy protects those at risk from bloodborne pathogens?
Exposure control plan
T/F Postmortem stain is a physical change.
FALSE. "Embalming p.116" -Postmortem stain is a chemical change
T/F The ammonia injection test is an expert test for death.
FALSE. "Embalming p.302" -Ammonia test is considered an in-expert test for death
T/F Exhausting diseases slow down Rigor.
FALSE. "Embalming p.365" -Exhausting diseases accelerate Rigor.
T/F A scalpel is used for incisions only.
FALSE. "Embalming p.710" -Scalpels are used for both incisions and excisions.
The decomposition of carbohydrates under aerobic conditions is called:
Fermentation
What should be included on the MSDS
First Aid Measures
Chicken fat clots are
Formed when white and red blood cells separate.
What is the best material for prep room windows?
Frosted glass
Formaldehyde monitoring does not apply to:
Gluteraldehyde
Adipocere is AKA
Grave wax
What is the first color, and anatomical location, where decomposition can be observed?
Green Lower Abdomen
Staining of tissue is caused by what portion of blood?
Heme
What shouldn't appear on a formaldehyde warning sign?
Human Remains
What device uses water to create suction for aspiration?
Hydroaspirator
The single most important factor in decomposition is
Hydrolysis
The injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues is what type of embalming?
Hypodermic
Trocars are used for
Hypodermic embalming AND Aspiration
The process by which fluids settle to lower parts of the body is called:
Hypostasis
What are the 3 possible circulatory changes during the agonal period?
Hypostasis Coagulation Capillary expansion
The quickest forming clot is the
"these are all the same" -CRUROR, red currant, jelly clot
A gravity injector creates pressure at what rate?
.43 lbs of pressure per foot of elevation
The action level of formaldehyde is
.5 PPM
The permissible exposure limit of formaldehyde is ___ PPM as a TWA
.75
