Emergency Care 13th Ed. Chapter 28 - Musculoskeletal Trauma

fractures of the femur typically cause a _ _____ blood loss

2 pint (1,000cc)

The appendicular skeleton includes what?

The hips, clavicle, scapula, and extremeties

A pelvic fracture causes a _-_ ____ blood loss

3-4 pint (1,500-2,000cc)

_____ _____, which is contained in the center of the bone, is the site of red blood cell production

Bone marrow

The amount of traction applied with a traction splint should be roughly ___ percent of the patient's body weight, not to exceed ___ lbs

10 percent, 15 lbs

a simple closed tibia-fibula fracture typically causes a _ ____ blood loss

1 pint (500cc)

what are the three types of mechanisms that cause musculoskeletal injuries?

1) direct force 2) indirect force 3) twisting force

An _______ fracture is a fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other

Angulated

______ are hard but flexible living structures that provide support for the body and protection to vital organs. They provide the framework for the body

Bones

_______ is tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps form certain body parts such as the ear

Cartilage

A dropped shoulder, with the patient holding the arm of his injured side against the chest often indicates a fracture of the _______

Clavicle

A ______ _______ injury is an injury to the extremity with no associated opening of the skin

Closed extremity

A ________ fracture is a fracture in which the bone is broken in several places

Comminuted

an injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast

Compartment syndrome

_______ is a grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together

Crepitus

Injured joints should be splinted in the position found unless the distal extremity is _______ or lacks ______

Cyanotic, pulses

The most serious hazard of splinting is "splinting someone to ______," ignoring life threatening injuries or delaying transport to splint unnecessarily

Death

a person being struck by an automobile is an example of ______ _____

Direct force

A ________ is the disruption or "coming apart" of a joint

Dislocation

________ is another word for bruising (not contusion)

Ecchymosis

The ________ are the portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles, scapulae, arms, wrists, hands, pelvis, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet

Extremeties

The most common bone injury is a break, or _______, and it's first effects are swelling and the formation of a blood clot in the area of insult

Fracture

A ________ fracture is an incomplete fracture

Greenstick

______ are places where bones articulate, or meet, and are critical in the body's ability to move

Joints

_______ connect bone to bone

Ligaments

______ ______ is the process of applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting

Manual traction

_______ are the tissues or fibers that cause movement of body parts and organs

Muscles

An ______ _______ injury is an extremity injury in which the skin has been broken through or torn through from the inside by an injured bone or from the outside by something that has caused a penetrating wound with associated injury to the bone

Open extremity

_______ is another word for pale skin

Pallor

________ is the medical term for the sensation of "pins and needles"

Parasthesia

A _____ _____ reduces internal bleeding and pain while providing stabilization to the pelvis

Pelvic wrap

The bone marrow is the site of ____ production

RBC

The object of _______ (straightening) is to assist in restoring effective circulation to the extremity and to fit it to a splint

Realignment

The axial skeleton includes what?

Skull (including cranium and face), sternum, ribs, and spine

Proper _______ and prehospital care can prevent a closed injury from becoming an open injury

Splinting

A ______ is the stretching and tearing of ligaments

Sprain

A _______ is a muscle injury resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle

Strain

_______ connect muscle to bone

Tendons

a splint that applies constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to help stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. Typically used on femoral shaft fractures

Traction splints

_______ or ______ force can cause stretching or tearing of muscles or ligaments, as well as broken bones

Twisting or rotational

If a patient needs splinting. Try to splint ____moving to a stretcher or other location

before

As we age less protein is formed in the bones making them become _______

brittle

Bones contain protein fibers that make them somewhat _____

flexible

In children, the majority of growth of a long bone occurs in the area known as the ____ _____ which is near the end of the shaft

growth plate

the injuries sustained to the knees, femurs, pelvis, and spinal column after a fall from a height where the person landed on her feet is an example of _______ _______

indirect force

the spinal column vertebrae are an example of what category of bones?

irregular

What are the four classifications of bones?

long, short, flat, irregular

The strong, white, fibrous material that covers bones

periostinum

It is very important that a bone be immobilized _______ and remain immobilized to properly heal

quickly

The bones store _____ and ______ materials, and provide a site for the production of ___ _____ _____

salts, metabolic, red blood cells

the flat bones include what 3 bones

sternum, scapula, ribs

Bones are very _____ and because of this they bleed

vascular