Emergency Care: HC21
what is FAST? Face, Arms, Speech, Time Fast, Aim, Stand, Time Face, Arms, Speech, Temperature Face, Arms, Stand, Time
Face, Arms, Speech, time
Which of the following is NOT true of foreign bodies in the ear? Objects can usually be removed with blunt tweezers. Foreign bodies in the ear cause extreme pain. Some objects can rupture or perforate the eardrum. Objects often fall out by gently shaking the head.
Foreign bodies in the ear cause extreme pain.
What should you do if there are foreign bodies in a wound? Bandage the wound tightly, so the material does not injure additional tissue Squeeze the wound and grasp the material carefully with clean fingers Remove the material with tweezers Get professional medical help
Get professional medical help
What is the first and foremost essential first aid factor? Be alert for emergencies. Get proper first aid training. Assess the emergency situation. Call for help immediately.
Get proper first aid training.
Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of first aid care? Do not move a patient unless it is required for safety. Give a disoriented patient some water or a snack. Keep the patient calm. Regulate the patient's temperature.
Give a disoriented patient some water or a snack.
A football player has been practicing all day and suddenly feels a sharp pain in his right calf. What condition is likely affecting this patient? Heat cramps Muscle sprain Heat exhaustion Heat stroke
Heat cramps
Which heat-induced condition is treated by applying firm pressure to the affected area? Heat cramps Heat exhaustion Heat stroke All of the above
Heat cramps
Which heat-induced condition includes pale, clammy skin and excessive perspiration? Heat cramps Heat stroke Heat exhaustion Hyperventilation
Heat exhaustion
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a stroke? Confusion Trouble seeing or walking Severe headache Heavy pressure on the chest
Heavy pressure on the chest
Which of the following is true of heart attacks? Despite medical advances, most heart attacks are still fatal. A heart attack is a decline in the amount of blood supplied to the brain. Heart attacks are most often caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure. Help the patient administer nitroglycerin or aspirin.
Help the patient administer nitroglycerin or aspirin.
How should care be provided when an object is protruding from the eye? Gently remove the object from the eye Cover only the affected eye with a dressing Immobilize the object and cover the other eye with a dressing Hold the eyelids open and get medical treatment
Immobilize the object and cover the other eye with a dressing
Which of the following is true of cold exposure patients? It is important to get patients warm. Give nauseous patients something warm to drink Healthy young adults are at the greatest risk of hypothermia. With severe frostbite, tissue cells can be revived without any permanent damage
It is important to get patients warm.
What type of disorder is diabetes? Cardiogenic Psychological Metabolic Digestive
Metabolic
What is the treatment for a patient who is having a seizure? Carry the seizing patient to a chair Hold the patient down to prevent the body from jerking. Move harmful objects from the patient's path. Put a bite-stick in the patient's mouth.
Move harmful objects from the patient's path.
Which of the following is true of foreign bodies in the skin? Blow on a needle to cool it after sterilization Use blunt scissors to grasp a splinter and remove it Needles used to remove splinters should be sterilized before use Pull the barb end of a fish hook back out of the skin
Needles used to remove splinters should be sterilized before use
Which of the following is true of shock? A person suffering from a non-fatal injury is at no risk of shock. Patients with shock usually have a rapid, weak pulse. Patients with shock usually have hot, flushed skin. Shock only results from physical trauma.
Patients with shock usually have a rapid, weak pulse.
What is the body's method for cooling itself down? Heavy breathing Fainting Perspiration Shivering
Perspiration
How are objects flushed from the ear? Place a few drops of water or oil in the ear using an eyedropper Tilt the head toward the affected ear and insert several drops of water Use a soaking wet washcloth and wipe at the opening of the ear Fill a graduated cylinder, have the patient lean over a sink, and pour the water in the ear
Place a few drops of water or oil in the ear using an eyedropper
What should you try first to remove a floating object in the eye? Rub the eye Cover the eye with a dressing Immobilize the object Pull the upper eyelid down over the lower eyelid
Pull the upper eyelid down over the lower eyelid
What should be done if a patient is conscious? Question the patient for injuries and an account of the situation. Tell the patient to lie down and conserve energy. Introduce yourself and try to distract the patient from the emergency situation. Let someone else intervene.
Question the patient for injuries and an account of the situation.
How should a patient be treated after being stung by a wasp? Just monitor the area for signs of infection Put a dressing over the area Scrape out the stinger and wash the area Position the area below the heart and call EMS
Scrape out the stinger and wash the area
What should a patient who shows signs of fainting do? Sit down and place the head between the knees Walk around with arms elevated above the head Stand against a wall for support Lie down flat
Sit down and place the head between the knees
Which of the following is NOT true of splints and slings? A sling is used to keep an injury immobilized. Splint an injured limb if EMS will soon be arriving Check the patient's circulation inside and below a splint, looking for swelling, coldness, numbness or tingling, pallor, or cyanosis. A modified sling can be created from common items.
Splint an injured limb if EMS will soon be arriving
How should a spiral wrap be applied? Start at the top of the limb and move to the bottom of the limb Start at the bottom of the limb and move up the limb Start by covering the dressing, then alternate the bandage up and down the limb Wrap the bandage only around the dressing to secure it in place.
Start at the bottom of the limb and move up the limb
What are splints used for? Keep injured body parts flexible Support injured body parts Support and immobilize injured body parts Immobilize injured body parts
Support and immobilize injured body parts
Which crutch gaits require that the patient use the shoulders and arms to move? Two-point and four-point Three-point and four-point Swing-to and swing-through Two-point and swing-through
Swing-to and swing-through
Why might a third-degree burn patient not need a pain reliever? The muscles might be destroyed. The nerve endings might be destroyed. The capillaries might be destroyed. The epidermis and dermis might be destroyed
The nerve endings might be destroyed.
Which of the following is true of emergency care? First aid providers should risk their own safety to retrieve patients from dangerous areas. Principles of care are guidelines that should be applied to only some emergency cases. The outcome of emergency care depends on a variety of factors. First aid providers should not be concerned with the cleanliness of their hands or equipment.
The outcome of emergency care depends on a variety of factors.
Which type of heart attack symptoms are nausea, dizziness, and heavy perspiration? Common "Silent" Atypical Wait-and-see
"silent"
What is the number for the Poison Control Center? 1-800-222-2222 1-800-122-3333 1-800-222-3333 1-800-222-1222
1-800-222-1222
After applying a sling, how elevated should the patient's hand be? 1 or 2 inches above the heart 10 to 12 inches above the waist 5 or 6 inches above the elbow In-line with the shoulder
5 or 6 inches above the elbow
A patient with hypothermia will have a temperature below what reading? 90°F 95°F 32°F 0°F
95°F
When cleaning a minor wound with gauze, which method should be used? A back-and-forth motion from the outer edge to the center of the wound A back-and-forth motion from the center of the wound to the outer edge A circular motion from the center of the wound out to the outer edge A circular motion from the outer edge to the center of the wound
A circular motion from the center of the wound out to the outer edge
Which of the following is true? Incisions are rough, irregular wounds caused when blunt objects rip the skin. A closed wound should heal in a few weeks. Placing a hot pack on a bruise will help reduce pain and swelling. Minor wounds can be left untreated without risk of infection.
A closed wound should heal in a few weeks.
What should be offered to a conscious insulin shock patient? A drink of salt water A drink with sugar in it A drink with aspirin in it No drink should be offered
A drink with sugar in it
What is a TIA? A medication given to stroke and heart attack patients The critical time period between symptoms and medical treatment. A procedure that relieves the pressure in the brain of a stroke patient. A mild stroke that warns a patient is at risk of a more serious stroke.
A mild stroke that warns a patient is at risk of a more serious stroke.
Which of the following is true of poisonings? Poisoning can only occur by swallowing or inhaling A poisoning patient may vomit or have trouble breathing Conscious and unconscious patients are treated the same way Treatment is the same regardless of the poison
A poisoning patient may vomit or have trouble breathing
Redness, oozing pus and a fever can indicate what? The tissue under a wound has been severely damaged. A wound has become infected. An open wound that is healing. A closed wound has been left untreated.
A wound has become infected.
Which of the following are open wounds? Abrasions, punctures Abrasions, contusions Contusions, concussions All of the above
Abrasions, punctures
Which of the following is NOT true of fractures? Do not move the injured part until it is immobilized. All fractures cause an open wound when the bone breaks. The patient should be monitored for shock. A compound fracture can result in a lot of blood loss.
All fractures cause an open wound when the bone breaks.
What type of bandage can be used to secure dressings? Elastic Roller gauze Triangular All of the above
All of the above
What causes anaphylactic shock? Stroke Emotional stress Allergic reaction Heart attack
Allergic reaction
What is a foreign body? A painful wound An object in the body that does not belong there An item that has wounded the body Anything that causes a patient to choke
An object in the body that does not belong there
Which of the following piece of information is important to relay to Poison Control and EMS? Has the patient ever been poisoned before Where the poison was obtained What the patient ate in the last 24 hours An open bottle lying next to the patient
An open bottle lying next to the patient
What actions can be taken to try to control or stop bleeding? Apply pressure and elevate the injured body part Apply a bandage and a cold compress Apply a bandage and a hot pack Irrigate the wound with lots of water and then bandage
Apply pressure and elevate the injured body part
Which type of crutches requires patients to bear weight with their hands? Axillary Forearm Platform Axillary and forearm
Axillary and forearm
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate use of a cravat? Bandage a cut on an arm Bandage a stab wound to the neck Bandage a scalp injury Create a sling for a broken wrist
Bandage a stab wound to the neck
Which method should be attempted first when trying to remove a foreign object from the nose? Blowing the nose Blunt tweezers Irrigation Needle
Blowing the nose
What causes neurogenic shock? Toxins in the blood Brain and spinal cord injury Extreme emotional stress Damage to the heart
Brain and spinal cord injury
What is a fracture? Break in a bone Injured muscle Chip in a bone Joint that comes out of a socket
Break in a bone
Which of the following is a sign of poisoning? Sudden fainting spells A constant hungry feeling Burning and redness around the mouth and lips Increased body temperature
Burning and redness around the mouth and lips
Which of the following is NOT true of burns? Burns can be first, second, or third-degree Burns can be classified by extent and severity Injury caused by fire, heat, chemicals, radiation or electricity Cause little pain or long-lasting trauma
Cause little pain or long-lasting trauma
What should be done if a patient has swallowed poison and is unconscious? Give the patient cool water to drink Check for breathing and give artificial breaths, if needed Cover the patient with a blanket Put your finger in the patient's mouth to get them to vomit
Check for breathing and give artificial breaths, if needed
Which type of heart attack symptoms are chest pain, difficulty breathing, and irregular or rapid heartbeat? Common "Silent" Atypical Wait-and-see
Common
What is another name for a seizure? Stroke Fainting Passing out Convulsions All of the above
Convulsions
Which of the following is true of crutches? Crutches immobilize an injured limb. A medical assistant teaching a patient how to use crutches is responsible for determining which gait the patient should use. Crutches that are not adjusted properly can cause injury. Patients should rest their weight on the axillary bars
Crutches that are not adjusted properly can cause injury.
Which of the following is true of diabetes? Diabetes is caused when the body produces too little insulin. When there is too much glucose in the blood, the patient is hypoglycemic. Confusion, weakness, and dizziness are atypical symptoms of diabetic emergencies. Diabetes can be caused by eating too little sugar.
Diabetes is caused when the body produces too little insulin.
Which type of bone or joint injury occurs when a bone separates from a joint or is moved out of place in the joint? Fractures and breaks Dislocations Sprains Strains
Dislocations
Which of the following is NOT true of dressings and bandages? Do not use material with loose fibers that can infect the wound. A bandage is material used to secure dressings and splints. Check the patient's circulation after applying a bandage. Dressings and bandages used in emergencies must be sterile.
Dressings and bandages used in emergencies must be sterile.
Which of the following are key locations on the body to check for frostbite? Cheeks and forehead Lips and tongue Fingertips and abdomen Ears, hands, feet, and nose
Ears, hands, feet, and nose
What does EMS stand for? Emergency medicine system Enteral management system Emergency medical services Emergency maintenance supplies
Emergency medical services
Which of the following is true? Dislocations must be put back into correct position before immobilizing the joint. Treat injuries as a fracture until proven otherwise by X-ray. The thigh and back are common areas for sprains. Symptoms of a strain include deformity and limited range of motion.
Treat injuries as a fracture until proven otherwise by X-ray.
What determines the type of bandage used for an injury? Type of injury and the body part affected by the injury Type of injury and scene of the emergency Type of injury and the first aid provider's training Type of injury and the amount of blood
Type of injury and the body part affected by the injury
What should be done if the patient has chemicals on the skin? Wash the area thoroughly Dust the area with baking soda Apply a dressing over the area Elevate the patient's feet and monitor for shock
Wash the area thoroughly
Which of these situations is NOT considered an emergency? You have a 101 degree fever, sore throat and a cough. A middle-aged man is complaining of chest pain and difficulty breathing. An accident involved several cars and you suspect someone is hurt. A teenager collapses at a baseball game.
You have a 101 degree fever, sore throat and a cough.
Which of the following sounds may be a sign of an emergency? Screeching tires Breaking glass Calls for help All of the above
all of the above
In a best-case scenario, emergency care is performed by whom? An emergency care professional The general population A health care worker
an emergency care professional
What kind of open wound occurs when tissue is torn from the body? Incision Laceration Avulsion Puncture wound
avulsion
Shock occurs when organs and tissues do not receive enough oxygen and what other substance? Plasma Blood Water Carbon dioxide
blood
What causes hemorrhagic shock? Bacterial infection Blood loss Difficulty breathing High blood pressure
blood loss
A patient has a major wound to the wrist. What pressure point should be used to stop bleeding? Brachial artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery Carotid artery
brachial
A stroke is the reduction or lack of blood supplied to which organ? Heart Brain Lungs Kidneys
brain
What is another name for a contusion? Cut Abrasion Open wound Bruise
bruise
What should be applied to a bone or joint injury if immediate professional medical help will be unavailable for an extended amount of time? Heating pad Dressing Cold compress Pressure bandage
cold compress
What is the priority in treating shock? Controlling the cause Improving blood flow Regulating body temperature Providing oxygen
controlling the cause
Which item is used to stop bleeding, prevent infection, absorb secretions, and treat pain? Bandages Dressings Splint Sling
dressing
Which type of burn should you flush with cool water? Severe second-degree or third-degree First-degree or mild second-degree All burns should be flushed with cool water
first-degree or mild second-degree
A triangular bandage is often used on which part of the body? Foot Finger Torso Head
head
With a bruise, elevate the injured area above what body part? Head Heart Shoulder Abdomen
heart
Which heat-induced condition can cause body temperatures in excess of 105°F? Heat cramps Heat Stroke Perspiration Heat exhaustion
heat stroke
Which heat-induced condition is treated by removing clothing and getting the patient into a tub of cool water? Heat cramps Heat exhaustion Heat stroke All of the above
heat stroke
Where do most poisonings occur? In public places In the home At the hospital At schools
in the home
What type of blood pressure reading is common if a patient is experiencing shock? High Low Irregular Normal
low
Which type of burn is also called a partial-thickness burn? First-degree Second-degree Third-degree All of the above
second-degree
What is the body's method for warming itself up? Drowsiness Fainting Shivering Perspiration
shivering
Which type of bone or joint injury occurs when there is a stretch or tear in the tissues around a joint? Fractures and breaks Dislocations Sprains Strains
sprain
What is the most critical step in treating an open major wound? Stopping the bleeding Cleaning Covering Watch for shock
stopping the bleeding
Which type of bone or joint injury occurs when a muscle is overused or overstretched? Fractures and breaks Dislocations Sprains Strains
strain
Which of the following is not a crutch gait? Two-point Swing-forward Swing-to Four-point
swing-forward
A patient with which type of burn should always get professional medical help? First-degree Second-degree Third-degree All of the above
third degree
What is the term used for prioritizing emergency care? Emergency prioritization Treat worst first Triage Sterilization
triage
According to the Rule of Nines, what is the burn percentage of a patient with burns to the front of the torso and the front side of both arms? 18 percent 23 percent 27 percent 36 percent
27 percent
When using an elastic or roller gauze bandage, by how much should you overlap the bandage with each wrap? 1/4 the width of the bandage 1/2 the width of the bandage 3/4 the width of the bandage 1" regardless of the width of the bandage
1/2 the width of the bandage
When adjusting crutches for fit, how many inches should there be between the axillary bars and the patient's underarms? 1 inch 2 inches 3 to 4 inches 5 to 6 inches
2 inches
