Emerging math and science final

Practice with counting. Plastic dinosaurs are placed on the table and the teacher asks how many are in the bucket. What is this learning experience?

Adult-guided

Which question involves number comparison?

Are there more girls or more boys in the room?

Teacher assess his class during snack time by recording which children correctly distribute an equal share of a bag of pretzels to each classmate at their table. What is this assessment?

Assessment by observation

You are a preschool teacher performing an assessment. You show a child two groups of chips: a group of three and a group of six, and then ask, "Which group has more chips?" Which type of assessment is illustrated here?

specific task assessment

Benito is making a graph that illustrates how many of his classmates prefer cake, and how many prefer cookies. He is using pictures of cakes and cookies to represent the quantities. What stage of graph making does Benito's work illustrate?

stage 2

When it comes to science concepts, Frances and David Hawkins recommend that the teacher:

start with nature

Margit is folding the drawings of various shapes in half and noting the correspondence of the opposite sides of the figure. Margit is examining:

symmetry

The world is so complex that it cannot be studied all at once. Therefore, scientists define small areas of investigation that can be referred to as:

systems

The K-12 Framework defines any modification of the natural world made to fulfill human needs as:

technology

Which tips does Michael Shaughnessy provide for families in their role as teachers?

Be positive about learning around your children. Have high expectations for your children. Link mathematics with daily life.

Which child is demonstrating one-to-one correspondence?

Nathaniel, who is setting the table and placing one napkin at each plate

The current focus in math problem solving is on providing more

Nonroutine problems

The Reggio Emilia approach starts with:

the child's culture

An integrated curriculum that utilizes the STEAM approach can best be implemented with:

thematic units and projects

Children should be able to identify arithmetic patterns and explain them using properties of operations by:

third grade

Fractions are included in the _____ Common Core Standards for Mathematics.

third grade

Adult-guided activities are usually not appropriate before age:

three

Isaacs and Carroll believed that:

timed tests only add stress and are not essential to learning basic arithmetic facts.

The idea that ten 1s can be substituted for one 10 is referred to as a(n):

trading rule

A child is first able to measure using arbitrary units during the ____ stage of development.

transitional

According to Allen and Cowdery, the purpose of language is communication.

true

Classification involves sorting and grouping.

true

Comparing is the basis for ordering.

true

In 1996, the National Research Council (NRC) created standards for assessment in science education. According to the NRC, assessment is primarily a way to:

Obtain feedback

Which activity involves classification?

categorizing objects according to whether they sink or float

Child-initiated curriculum is especially likely to emerge when:

children are outdoors.

Constance Kamii proposed that:

children reinvent arithmetic through their own actions and needs.

Which science process skill is most appropriate for preschool and primary students

classifying

Which scientific thinking process skill begins when children group and sort real objects?

classifying

An appropriate project for first graders would be to:

compare the sizes of Earth and the sun.

A child who is constructing a first-stage graph is most likely to:

compare two real objects

Ordering and patterning build on the skills of:

comparing

Mr. Goldberg shows his class a worksheet with drawings of various arrangements of batteries and bulbs. He asks the children to predict which arrangements will form an open circuit and not light. This activity is an example of which phase of the learning cycle?

concept application

Which component is typically the most difficult part of creating an activity plan?

concepts

Statements that indicate whether the original prediction was accepted or rejected are called:

conclusions.

Explanations for natural events are influenced by other natural objects and events. This statement reflects which stage of development?

concrete operational

In which stage of cognitive development do children naturally seek out the rules and regularities in the world?

concrete operational

One-to-one correspondence is the most fundamental component of the concept of number.

true

Rational counting requires the coordination of eyes, hands, speech, and memory.

true

Research with the isolated Amazon Mundurucu tribe suggests that, although tribe members do not have words for geometry, they have an understanding of geometry.

true

Rote counting typically develops before rational counting.

true

The best methods for improving problem-solving skills involve working with concrete materials and drawing/writing explanations of solutions to problems.

true

The science content for preschool is not specified in the national standards.

true

On average, first graders can learn to read, write, and understand _____ numbers.

two-digit

The Common Core State Standards for Math expects that a child completing kindergarten should be able to

understand that the number 10 is one larger than the number 9.

Which type of play material is most used by young children and is most essential to their development?

unit blocks

The game "Hugging a Tree" provides children with the opportunity to:

use multiple senses to explore.

Shelby estimates her substitute teacher's height as being taller than her regular teacher's height. Which strategy is Shelby using?

using a referent

Which skill do preschool, kindergarten, and primary grade children need to develop scientific inquiry skills?

using data to construct reasonable explanations

Identifying the knowns and the unknowns, working backward, and setting up intermediate goals incorporates which type of heuristic?

using means-ends analysis

Which question is most appropriate to pose to a first grader?

what causes soil erosion?

Which approach to literacy suggests that reading should develop naturally through experiences with good literature?

whole language

Which question will prompt children to make a prediction?

will it sink or float

Rafael has been given a set of cards, each with a number from 1 to 10. When shown a picture of three kittens, Rafael indicates the number of kittens by picking up the card with the number 3. What Baratta-Lorton level of abstraction is Rafael demonstrating?

connecting

Which process areas are included in the Common Core State Standards for Math?

connections communications problem solving

Which approach to environmental education provides opportunities for children to take action and see a result of that action?

conservation

The most appropriate activity for third graders would be to:

construct an argument that some animals form groups that help members survive.

When Dora is asked to put blocks away so that they all fit in the appropriate box, she is using:

construction

Ms. Hilliker is a first-grade teacher. One of her teaching goals is to spend more time helping children validate or revise their own thinking, rather than simply imparting factual information. Which approach does she follow?

constructivist

A disadvantage of commercially available science kits is that they:

contain consumables that must be repurchased.

Which activity is most appropriate for developing an understanding of time?

creating a schedule pictograph

Roger Bybee believes that:

curriculum and instruction should be developed before assessments.

Which figures are three-dimensional?

cylinders, triangular prisms

Mary Budd Rowe found that children who scored lower on measures of fate control performed better at solving problems.

false

Rational counting refers to reciting numbers in order from memory.

false

STEAM is based on the premise that the goal of the arts is to enhance STEM

false

Under the NGSS, students should be able to use materials and tools to solve a simple problem and test and compare different solutions by:

first grade

Thom is working on an arithmetic worksheet and proudly shows his teacher that he has found several ways to solve each problem. In Russell's terms, Thom excels at:

flexibility

By grade 3, children should be able to:

fluently add and subtract within 1000.

Science educators refer to interview questions used during an assessment of a child's knowledge and skills as:

formative assessment probes

What estimation strategy focuses on the first number on the left of a computation?

front-end

Which storybook might be most appropriate to teach part-whole concepts?

give me half

Teachers can best facilitate dramatic role-playing in the classroom by:

providing props and background experiences.

A good first step in getting parents involved in children's science and math education at home is to:

publish a monthly newsletter highlighting what children are learning in class.

What is one NGSS performance expectation for life sciences in first grade?

reading texts and using media to determine patterns in behavior of parents and offspring that help offspring survive

A preoperational child between the ages of 3 years and 6 years should be able to:

recognize numerals in order from 0 to 10.

The operations formerly called carrying and borrowing are now referred to as:

regrouping

Patterning is the process of discovering auditory, visual, and motor:

regularities.

Language skills are particularly essential for young math and science students in order to:

report the results of their problem solving.

According to the Common Core State Standards, a child should be able to identify triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, and cubes starting in:

second grade

In the K-12 Framework, children should know and understand that plants and animals (including humans) depend on the land, water, and air to live and grow by the end of:

second grade

Determining at what point your students misunderstand or are unfamiliar with the topic you are teaching makes use of the process of:

self-regulation

Definitions of shapes appear to be solidified by age:

seven

Children recognize the importance of using standard units of measurement when they enter concrete operations, typically at age:

six or older

Which iPad app is useful in teaching area visualization?

slice it

An NGSS performance expectation for a kindergartener is to understand that:

some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others in a given region.

Which time word is relational?

soon

In Ms. Fatille's class today, children are placing items purchased from a play store into baskets or bags. Which concept are they exploring?

spatial and volume concepts

Which question is most appropriate for a first grader?

What do astronauts eat in space?

Which question is most appropriate for a second grader?

What do plants need to grow?

Which question will help a child develop algebraic thinking?

What does the triangle stand for in 3 + Δ = 8?

What is the most appropriate question for a first grader?

What happens when materials vibrate?

What is an appropriate second-grade physical science question?

What happens when we make mud?

According to NGSS, which question is most appropriate to introduce third graders to an ESS lesson?

What is typical weather in different parts of the world?

Which question is relevant to choosing objectives for a STEAM curriculum?

What should the child learn next?

Which question best facilitates the measuring process?

Which object do you think is heavier?

Suppose Stacy views the numeral "5" and the word "five." Brain imaging research has found that:

"5" activates a hot spot in the brain more than "five."

Young children should have homework assignments that can be completed in:

10-15 minutes

Approximately how much garbage does one person create each day?

4 pounds

Concepts and skills are valuable to children only if they:

can be used in everyday life

What is an appropriate question for a third grader?

How can magnets be used?

Which question is most appropriate for a third grader?

How do organisms vary in their traits?

What is an appropriate physical science question for third graders?

How do various materials affect tarnished pennies?

Typical developmental task for kindergarten

Collecting and recording observations

Which skill is classified as a first-grade skill by the Common Core State Standards?

Compare the length of two objects using a third object.

During Piaget's concrete operations children focus on

Conservation

Which comment is most likely to reinforce classification?

I see you have used all of the blue blocks.

The field of Earth and space science (ESS) now has a much greater science emphasis than in earlier times because of:

Earth's increased population.

The core ideas in Earth and space sciences are:

Earth's place in the universe. Earth's systems. Earth and human activity

Comparison is the most fundamental scientific thinking process skill.

False

Informal learning experiences are those in which the child controls choice and action

False

Problem solving scenarios for class in which the children go through a process of self generated questions. What is this called?

Heuristics

Which statement indicates a quantity comparison?

Hosea has more cookies than Joanie.

Which type of teaching balances child guided and adult guided teaching with specific goals and objectives

Intentional teaching

Which family member is using an informal activity to teach?

Laura, who notices her grandson watching her cook and invites him to help measure and mix

According to the NGSS, what is one core idea in the exploration of environmental awareness in kindergarten?

Living things need water, air, and other resources.

Leslie is in second grade. Which task is she mostly likely able to perform?

Measure the volume of a liquid using standard units.

Concepts allow people to

Organize and categorize information

Which actions illustrate the concept of classifying

Putting grapes in one bowl and blueberries in another, placing square shapes in one pile and round shapes in another

Which child is dividing groups into parts?

Raul, who is giving each classmate two cookies from a jar

Characteristics of good science and math materials

Safe for children to use independently, developmentally appropriate

The most complete listing of available basic science materials appears annually in the January issue of:

Science and Children

Which outcomes are most associated with engaging students in inquiry?

Students develop an understanding of the nature of science and engineering. Students assist in the development of understanding scientific and engineering concepts. Students develop dispositions to use the skills, abilities, and habits of mind associated with science and engineering.

Curiosity is the driving force behind problem solving in science

True

NAEYC provides guidance for pre-K science.

True

Which math game is most suitable for more advanced (primary-level) children?

UNO

Which resource should be introduced to children when embarking on a "food" activity?

USDA food plate

What is one NGSS performance expectation for physical science for a first grader?

Use tools and materials to design and build a device that uses light or sound to solve a problem of communicating over a distance.

The categories of math materials move in a developmental sequence from concrete manipulatives to:

abstract representations.

The NCTM has promoted a vision of ____ as "a way of thinking, a method of seeing and expressing relationships" that goes beyond numerical reasoning and begins as early as the elementary grades.

algebra

When children have the opportunity to discuss problems and see that they may have more than one solution, they are thinking:

algebraically

Step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called:

algorithms

When new materials are introduced at a math center, the teacher should:

allow the children to explore them first

According to Bybee, teachers should think beyond individual lessons to:

an integrated instructional sequence.

When observations are written down in an organized way, they are called:

anecdotal records

In organizing children for learning, the teacher should:

appoint an investigator to ensure that instructions are followed.

Three-year-old Melida likes to imitate her father in the kitchen by measuring food items such as dried beans with measuring cups. Melida is learning about measurement through:

arbitrary units

Which activity is most likely to help children develop an understanding of spatial relationships?

arranging dominoes so that they will all be knocked down

Oscar is sorting objects by who would use them, such as a farmer, a doctor, or an astronaut. Oscar is most likely sorting by:

association

Which type of rock is an example of an igneous rock formed through the cooling of magma or lava?

basalt

Children should be aware that they must ____ when using units, whether arbitrary or standard.

be accurate

Homework assignments for kindergarten children should:

be interactive and require the assistance of a parent or sibling.

Which concept word or phrase is associated with logic and classifying?

belongs with

In the K-12 Framework, which discipline considers how living organisms alter Earth's processes and structures?

biogeology

Which words are used to describe position?

bottom behind on between

A good form of prekindergarten and kindergarten homework is to have children:

bring specific items to class from home.

According to the NGSS, kindergarteners are expected to be able to:

build simple devices

Which activity in a STEAM curriculum is basic to developing an understanding of spatial relationships?

building with blocks

Which time word expresses duration?

calendar

The first step of the engineering design process is to:

define a problem

Asking questions is to science as ____ is to engineering.

defining problems

For second-grade physical science, an NGSS performance expectation is that students can plan and conduct an investigation to:

describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

Which art activity uses number sense and counting?

designing a collage using five circles and five squares

Constructing explanations is to science as ____ is to engineering.

designing solutions

What is the second stage in the process of design technology?

developing possible solutions

Which activity is most appropriate for first graders?

devising a classification system for a collection of seeds

Which criteria are useful in creating nonroutine problems?

devising problems that contain extra information or that lack necessary information designing problems that apply mathematics in practical situations

Rochelle's classmate, Samuel, has gone upstairs to the nurse's office. When Rochelle is asked, "Which way did Samuel go?," she is being asked about:

direction

Words such as up, down, forward, and backward are used to describe:

direction

Which type of event is an effective device for motivating students and placing them in disequilibrium?

discrepant

Manuel is shown a picture depicting five squares and a single circle. He is asked to pick out the shape that is different from the others. Which task is Manuel performing?

discrimination

When children realize that they do not understand something they previously thought they understood, they are said to be in what Piaget calls a state of:

disequilibrium

The first step in the introduction of standard units of measurement is to:

do comparisons that do not require numbers.

Which data analysis skill is classified by the Common Core State Standards as a third-grade skill?

drawing a scaled picture graph with more than four categories

Which categories are important to consider when making judgments about the effectiveness of a lesson plan?

effectiveness of the selected examples student interest in the content developmental appropriateness of content

The K-12 Framework defines a systematic and orderly process to designing objects, processes, and systems to meet human needs and wants as:

engineering

The first "E" in E-STEM curriculum refers to:

environment

Which term refers to everything that surrounds us—air, water, land, plants, animals, other people, ourselves, and anything else that is part of our lives?

environment

The first principle of the NCTM standards relates to:

equity

An important concept in Earth sciences is ____, which occurs when a liquid changes into a gas.

evaporation

During the preoperational period, most school activities with numerals should involve:

experimenting with sight and touch.

In multiplication, the two numbers that are operated on are called:

factors

A child may be expected to understand the concept of "one more than" starting at around age three.

false

Guidelines for using animals in the classroom include:

giving the animal a chance to acclimate to the classroom. discouraging students from bringing personal pets to school. modeling appropriate handling procedures for the students. involving children in creating a suitable habitat

Which element is particularly important for safe and effective woodworking?

good-quality real tools

For most children, fraction symbols cannot safely be introduced until the latter part of:

grade 3

By the end of second grade, students should recognize that engineering problems:

have more than one solution

Galina is sorting toy dinosaurs into those that can fly and those that cannot fly. Then she sorts those that can fly into those that eat plants and those that eat other dinosaurs. Which type of task is Galina performing?

hierarchical classification

Which book would be most useful in helping children understand measurement?

how big is a foot

When the research and the performance of students are considered, the current NGSS proposes that it is optimal for children to learn:

how to do science

Bybee's "backward design" process begins with the:

identification of desired results.

Children begin dramatic role-playing by:

imitating their caregivers

As it is currently used, the term "elementary and early childhood mathematics":

includes number sense, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, data analysis, and so on.

Which science process skill is most appropriate for middle-level grades?

inferring

Rachael comes to school one day with one green tomato and one red tomato. She says enthusiastically to her teacher, Mr. Goldstein, "The tomatoes in our garden are becoming ripe!" Mr. Goldstein asks Rachael to place her tomatoes on the table and explain why the tomatoes look different. Rachael and her classmates then label each tomato for a classroom display. Which type of learning experience is illustrated here?

informal

Which type of science center focuses on a science concept or topic and contains materials to be manipulated by the children, directions for the investigation, and open-ended questions to be asked at the end of the inquiry?

inquiry learning center

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) focuses on which assessment principles?

integrating assessment into everyday activities enhancing student communication skills

Research on the neural basis of numbers and fractions indicates that the information is processed in the:

intraparietal sulcus

The Common Core State Standards expectation is that children will be able to classify objects and count the number of objects in each category by the end of:

kindergarten

The youngest grade level covered by the Next Generation Science Standards is:

kindergarten

Subtraction involves thinking about:

less than

Interactions within ecosystems is one of the four core ideas of:

life science

Science teaching at the prekindergarten level is traditionally dominated by:

life science

Which tool is particularly useful for collecting and classifying activities for primary students?

magnifier

Preliminary activities about the human body should include body awareness activities in which children explore, feel, and identify:

major bones

Which activity would be most useful in understanding the properties of matter?

making "scent jars" and describing similar scents

Which activity illustrates one-to-one correspondence?

matching in pairs

Which tool provides a view into the future of any new problem solution?

mathematical modeling

Which type of rocks form when sedimentary and igneous rocks are completely changed in form through pressure and heat?

metamorphic

Which comparison is a number comparison?

more/fewer

According to Piaget, ____ is the defining characteristic of "life" for young children.

movement

Sanjana is given a deck of cards containing pictures of horses, dogs, and cats of various colors. Sanjana is asked to sort the cards according to whether they show horses, dogs, or cats. Then the cards are shuffled again, and Sanjana sorts them by whether the animals are black, brown, or white. Which type of task is Sanjana performing?

multiple classification

Ms. Jamed is a first-grade science teacher who encourages families to involve their children in everyday activities such as counting out tableware to enhance their math skills at home. Which type of learning experience is she encouraging families to use?

naturalistic

Concepts are best applied to the solution of ____ problems in ____.

new; everyday experiences

Using number symbols is referred to as:

notation

According to Ballenger, Benham, and Hosticka, when selecting counting books for young children, care should be taken to ensure that the:

numeral names refer to "how many."

According to the Next Generation Science Standards, the essence of learning for children lies in the:

process of inquiry

Which assessment method is most useful in determining how children use concepts in their everyday activities?

observation

The best tool for enhancing children's understanding of awareness is:

observation.

Mr. Garcia's class takes a field trip to the zoo. He asks his students, "Which animals seem to spend the most time in water? In what ways do the animals seem to react to things like light or shadow or an object in their surroundings?" Which scientific thinking process skill is Mr. Garcia asking his students to illustrate?

observing

Jonas has been given a set of cards, each of which contains between one dot and five dots. His teacher, Ms. Bari, asks him to place them in order. By doing so, he will learn the concept of:

one more than

Exchanging play money for goods or services provides practice in:

one-to-one correspondence

Marking shelves with outlines of each block shape so that children can return blocks to their proper place also gives children a chance to practice:

one-to-one correspondence

Montessori cylinder blocks have inserts that are useful for:

ordering

The process of comparing more than two items is called:

ordering or seriation

Which type of material is introduced in Piaget's transition to concrete operations period of development?

paper and pencil

Understanding ____ is a useful bridge to learning about fractions.

parts and wholes

The basis of algebraic thinking is the idea of:

patterning

Lyndia is asked to add the numbers 3 and 2. She reasons that 2 + 2 is 4, and one more than 4 is 5. In which phase of the number sense approach would Baroody place Lyndia?

phase 2

Which type of change involves modifications to appearance but not to substances?

physical

Ms. Rizzo takes her students on a field trip to the top of a nearby building and asks the children to draw what they see. Which type of map will the children construct?

pictorial

Preoperational children are most likely to work successfully with:

pictures. real objects. two-dimensional cutouts. real objects used with pictorial representations

The understanding that the same numeral represents different amounts, depending on its position, is known as:

place value

Catarina is walking along a Step-by-Step Number Line. What is the learning goal of this activity?

placing numerals in order

What is the major medium through which children learn?

playing

Most children enjoy ____ by approximately five years of age.

playing board games

Which characteristics are relevant scientific attitudes?

positive approach to failure curiosity skepticism

Which term places emphasis on teaching activities that involve experimenting, collecting data, using models and tools, explaining and arguing, and so on?

practice

Asking early childhood students "What will happen when the butter is heated?" is the first step toward:

predicting

Mr. Reddington places six red balls and one yellow ball in a bag. He asks a student to pick a ball out of the bag and, before showing it to the class, guess whether it is a red ball or a yellow ball. Mr. Reddington is teaching his students about:

probability