Empowerment Technology

Disadvantages

Connections are slow and sites with lots of images or videos are very difficult to use. The telephone cannot be used for voice calls whilst connected to the internet

Bad sides of digital cameras:

If a too high ISO is used, noise may appear as multicolored speckles in digital images. This noise can be fixed with editing software but that can lower quality of an image. Patterns can appear on digital images as a result of aliasing.

Remove a bookmark

1. In the time line, locate and click the bookmark that you want to remove. 2. Do one of the following: Video clip: Under Video Tools, on the Playback tab, in the Bookmarks group, click Remove Bookmark. Audio clip: Under Audio Tools, on the Playback tab, in the Bookmarks group, click Remove Bookmark.

Data Validation

Data validation is a feature in MS Excel, which is used to control what a user can enter in a cell of excel sheet. Like, restrict entries in a sheet, such as a date range or whole numbers only.

Data Validation

Data validation is used to control what a user can enter into a cell. For example, you could use data validation to make sure a value is a number between 1 and 6, make sure a date occurs in the next 30 days, or make sure a text entry is less than 25 characters. Data validation can also display a message to a user telling them what is allowed. In this example, we restrict users to enter a whole number between 0 and 10. On a new worksheet, copy the following and change cell properties to accommodate the text. Create Data Validation Rule To create the data validation rule, execute the following steps. 1. Select cell C2. 2. On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Data Validation. On the Settings tab: 3. In the Allow list, click Whole number. 4. In the Data list, click between. 5. Enter the Minimum and Maximum values.

NETIQUETTE

Learn the precautionary measures in use of the internet Ethical communication and behavior - Do's and Don't's

Data Science

Not to be confused with information science. Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from many structural and unstructured data

SPAM

• Unwanted email from bots or advertisements • It can be used to send malware

TIFF

Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers.

Advantages of Digital Cameras

Images made with a digital camera can be reviewed at the spot and saved for later or deleted if they are not satisfactory. This saves storage space and allows for the making of more images of higher quality. Digital cameras can store more images than film cameras. Film cameras need new film whenever an old one is spent while memory cards can last as long as a digital camera that uses it. Images made with a digital camera can be used at the moment they are made, while pictures made with a film camera have to be developed. It is much easier to manipulate digital images than standard film photography.

Communication Technologies:

Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) - technology for radio wireless local area networking of devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. Bluetooth - a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs). Infrared Radiation Wireless (IR) - the use of wireless technology in devices or systems that convey data through infrared (IR) radiation. 3G - short for third generation, is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology. 4G - the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G. Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and 3D television. 5G - the fifth generation of cellular technology, 5G, is the next great leap in speed for wireless devices. This speed includes both the rate mobile users can download data to their devices and the latency, or lag, they experience between sending and receiving information. GSM - a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as tablets. GPRS - packet oriented mobile data standard on the 2G and 3G cellular communication network's global system for mobile communications (GSM). Data Services - data networking services for mobile phones. Dial-up Services - data networking services using modems and telephone lines. Virtual Private Networks (VPN) - extends across a public or shared network, and acts like a tunnel so you can exchange data securely and anonymously across the internet as if you were connected directly to a private network.

5G - Fifth Generation

- 5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices - 5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more users. Higher performance and improved efficiency empower new user experiences and connects new industries.

5G - Technology

- 5G, the 5th generation of mobile network, promises much faster data download and upload speeds, wider coverage, and more stable connections. These benefits will bring about significant improvements in communication. Instantaneous communication will be possible and those patchy frustrating video calls will be a thing of the past. - The average 4G transmission speed currently available for our smartphones is around the 21 Mbps mark. 5G will be 100 to 1000 times faster. The Consumer Technology Association notes that at this speed, you could download a two-hour movie in just 3.6 seconds, versus 6 minutes on 4G or 26 hours on 3G. The impact of 5G will go far beyond our smartphones as it will allow millions of devices to be connected simultaneously. - Looking ahead, there is already buzz about 6G. Although it's still in basic research and around 15-20 years away, it's interesting from an innovation point of view. 6G will form the framework of the connected utopia we aspire towards, and with it will come untold improvements in the speed and consistency of our communication.

Hard Disk

- A hard disk implements rotating platters, which stores and retrieves bits of digital information from a flat magnetic surface. - Introduced by IBM in the late fifties and 1960s. The earlier Hard Drives were immensely bulky and costly. However, the hard disk drive (HDD) is still the most common form of internal secondary data storage (whereas CPUs and RAM are considered primary storage) in computers. - What made and keeps the HDD so popular is its high capacity, which far exceeds that of an average USB flash drive or DVD, and performance. Data on an HDD can be read and written relatively quickly. Magnetic heads read data off rapidly rotating rigid disks, also referred to as platters.

Data Services

- A service provider that enables data access on demand to users regardless of their geographic location. Also called Data as a Service (DaaS), data services are similar to Software as a Service (SaaS) in that the information is stored in the cloud and is accessible by a wide range of systems and devices. - Data services can eliminate redundancy and streamline costs by housing critical data in one location, enabling the data to be accessed and/or updated by multiple users while ensuring a single point for updates. Potential drawbacks to data services include server downtime from the data service provider, data loss in the event of a disaster, and the security of the data, both in its stored location and in the transmission of the data among users.

Virtual Private Networks

- A virtual private network (VPN) gives you online privacy and anonymity by creating a private network from a public internet connection. VPNs mask your internet protocol (IP) address so your online actions are virtually untraceable. Most important, VPN services establish secure and encrypted connections to provide greater privacy than even a secured Wi-Fi hotspot. - Surfing the web or transacting on an unsecured Wi-Fi network means you could be exposing your private information and browsing habits. That's why a virtual private network, better known as a VPN, should be a must for anyone concerned about their online security and privacy. - The encryption and anonymity that a VPN provides helps protect your online activities: sending emails, shopping online, or paying bills. VPNs also help keep your web browsing anonymous.

commercial

- Apple Pages - Documents to Go - Frame Maker - Microsoft Word - WPS Office - Quick Office

Email

- As a byproduct of the World Wide Web, email was introduced to the world in 1991 (although it had been operating years before) and it has vastly changed our lives—whether for better or worse depends on your viewpoint. The first users of the messaging platform were educational systems and the military who used email to exchange information. In 2018, there were more than 3.8 billion email users—that's more than half the planet. By 2022, it's expected that we will be sending 333 billion personal and business emails each day. - While email is invaluable and we can't imagine a world without it, there are tools that are springing up that are giving email a run for its money. Take Slack (an acronym for "Searchable Log of All Communication and Knowledge") for example, the company which launched in 2014 has often been described as an email killer. However, while Slack has become the most popular chat and productivity tool in the world used by 10 million people every day, email is still going strong. In recognition of this, Slack's upgrades have ensured that people who still rely heavily on email are not excluded from collaboratory work.

Bluetooth Technology

- Bluetooth technology is a short-range wireless communications technology to replace the cables connecting electronic devices, allowing a person to have a phone conversation via a headset, use a wireless mouse and synchronize information from a mobile phone to a PC, all using the same core system. - Bluetooth technology uses the principles of device "inquiry" and "inquiry scan." Scanning devices listen in on known frequencies for devices that are actively inquiring. When an inquiry is received, the scanning device sends a response with the information needed for the inquiring device to determine and display the nature of the device that has recognized its signal. - Let's say you want to wirelessly print a picture from your mobile phone to a nearby printer. In this case, you go to the picture on your phone and select print as an option for sending that picture. The phone would begin searching for devices in the area. The printer (the scanning device) would respond to the inquiry and, as a result, would appear on the phone as an available printing device. By responding, the printer is ready to accept the connection. When you select the Bluetooth wireless printer, the printing process kicks off by establishing connections at successively higher layers of the Bluetooth protocol stack that, in this case, control the printing function.

Dial-up Services

- Dial-up connections to the Internet require nothing more than access to telephone network and when the internet started out it was the only method of connection. - Dial-up is usually the only choice available for rural or remote areas where broadband installations are available due to low population and demand. Dial-up access may also be an alternative for users on limited budgets as it is offered free by some ISPs, though broadband is increasingly available at lower prices. - In 2011 around 10% of internet users still use dialup connections. Dial-up requires the user to call the ISP's telephone number from their computer. The call is answered by a computer at the other end and then a reliable connection is established between both computers. This process is called handshaking.

Telephone

- In 1849, the telephone was invented and within 50 years it was an essential item for homes and offices, but tethering impacted the flexibility and privacy of the device. Then, came the mobile phone. In 1973, Motorola created a mobile phone which kick-started a chain of developments that transformed communication forever. - Early smartphones were primarily aimed towards the enterprise market, bridging the gap between telephones and personal digital assistants (PDAs), but they were bulky and had short battery lives. By 1996, Nokia was releasing phones with QWERTY keyboards and by 2010, the majority of Android phones were touchscreen-only. - In 2007, Steve Jobs revealed the first iPhone to the world and Apple paved the way for the aesthetics of modern smartphones. Before the iPhone, "flip phones", and phones with a split keyboard and screen were the norm. A year later, a central application store with an initial 500 downloadable 'apps' was launched. Currently, there are over two million apps available in the Apple App Store.

DRAM

- In 1966, Robert H. Dennard invented DRAM cells. Dynamic Random Access Memory technology (DRAM), or memory cells that contained one transistor. - DRAM cells store bits of information as an electrical charge in a circuit. DRAM cells increased overall memory density.

WHICH DESKTOP PUBLISHER IS FOR YOU?

- It is important to know the medium you are working in before starting any design project

Free/ Open-Source

- LibreOffice - Apache OpenOffice Writer - Calligra Words - EtherPad -GNU Texmacs - Groff

Cyber Crimes

- Malware - Virus - Worm - Trojan - Bot - Spam

Evolution of Digital Telecommunications

- One of the biggest developments in communication came in 1831 when the electric telegraph was invented. While post existed as a form of communication before this date, it was electrical engineering in the 19th century which had a revolutionary impact. - Now, digital methods have superseded almost all other forms of communication, especially in business. I can't remember the last time I hand wrote a letter, rather than an email at work, even my signature is digital these days. Picking up the phone is a rare occurrence too—instead, I FaceTime, Zoom, or join a Google Hangout.

Optical Storage Discs

- Optical discs, including CDs, DVDs, and Blu-Ray discs, are flat, usually circular discs, generally consisting of a layer of reflective material (often aluminum) in a plastic coating. Data is stored on the discs in binary form, with binary values of 0 represented by "pits" and binary values of 1 represented by areas where the aluminum reflects light.

Mobile Generations

- Simply, the "G" stands for "GENERATION" . While you connected to internet, the speed of your internet is depends upon the signal strength that has been shown in alphabets like 2G, 3G, 4G etc. right next to the signal bar on your home screen. Each Generation is defined as a set of telephone network standards, which detail the technological implementation of a particular mobile phone system. The speed increases and the technology used to achieve that speed also changes. For eg, 1G offers 2.4 kbps, 2G offers 64 Kbps and is based on GSM, 3G offers 144 kbps-2 mbps whereas 4G offers 100 Mbps - 1 Gbps and is based on LTE technology. - The aim of wireless communication is to provide high quality, reliable communication just like wired communication (optical fiber) and each new generation of services represents a big step (a leap rather) in that direction. This evolution journey was started in 1979 from 1G and it is still continuing to 5G. Each of the Generations has standards that must be met to officially use the G terminology. There are institutions in charge of standardizing each generation of mobile technology. Each generation has requirements that specify things like throughput, delay, etc. that need to be met to be considered part of that generation. Each generation built upon the research and development which happened since the last generation. 1G was not used to identify wireless technology until 2G, or the second generation, was released. That was a major jump in the technology when the wireless networks went from analog to digital.

Internet

- Since the mid-1990s, the internet has had a revolutionary impact on communication, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video calls, discussion forums, blogs, and social networking. - The internet has made communication easier and faster, it's allowed us to stay in contact with people regardless of time and location. It's accelerated the pace of business and widened the possibilities within the enterprise space. It's allowed people to find their voice and express themselves through social media, YouTube and memes. The internet has connected and divided us like nothing before.

Wearable Technology

- The first instance of wearable technology was a hands-free mobile headset launched in 1999, which became a piece of tech synonymous with city workers. It gave businesspeople the ability to answer calls on the go, most importantly, while driving. - Ten years ago, the idea that you could make a video call from an item other than a phone would have been a sci-fi dream. Now, with smartwatches, audio sunglasses, and other emerging wearable technology, these capabilities are a part of our daily lives.

The Early Years

- The first recognized example of a game machine was unveiled by Dr. Edward Uhler Condon at the New York World's Fair in 1940. The game, based on the ancient mathematical game of Nim, was played by about 50,000 people during the six months it was on display, with the computer reportedly winning more than 90 percent of the games. - However, the first game system designed for commercial home use did not emerge until nearly three decades later, when Ralph Baer and his team released his prototype, the "Brown Box," in 1967. - The "Brown Box" was a vacuum tube-circuit that could be connected to a television set and allowed two users to control cubes that chased each other on the screen. The "Brown Box" could be programmed to play a variety of games, including ping pong, checkers and four sports games. Using advanced technology for this time, added accessories included a light gun for a target shooting game, and a special attachment used for a golf putting game. - According to the National Museum of American History, Baer recalled, "The minute we played ping-pong, we knew we had a product. Before that we weren't too sure." Magnavox - Odyssey the "Brown Box" was licensed to Magnavox, which released the system as the Magnavox Odyssey in 1972. It preceded Atari by a few months, which is often mistakenly thought of as the first games console. Between August 1972 and 1975, when the Magnavox was discontinued, around 300,000 consoles were sold. Poor sales were blamed on mismanaged in-store marketing campaigns and the fact that home gaming was a relatively alien concept to the average American at this time. However mismanaged it might have been, this was the birth of the digital gaming we know today.

Virtual Reality (VR)

- The next generation of VR has only been around since 2016, but it's already shaking up communications. The beauty of VR—presence—means you can connect to someone in the same space at the same time, without the time sink and cost of travel, even if participants are on different continents. - VR also helps to facilitate better communication. In a typical discussion, a lot of information is non-verbal communication which can be transcribed in VR. Voice tone, hesitations, head and hand movements greatly improve the understanding of the participants' emotions and intents. Plus in VR, all distractions are removed and people can be fully focused on what is happening around them. In fact, MeetinVR claims that there is a 25% increase in attention span when meeting in virtual reality compared to video conferencing. - In addition, research suggests we retain more information and can better apply what we have learned after participating in virtual reality. 3D is a natural communication language overcoming linguistic barriers as well as technical jargon.

Infrared Networking

- Using an infrared (IR) connection, computers equipped with an IR sensor could transfer files and other digital data over short-range wireless signals. This IR technology was similar to that used in consumer-oriented TV remote control units but the much faster and far more versatile Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have since replaced it. - Infrared networks supported direct two-computer connections only, created temporarily as the need arose. Extensions to infrared technology, however, supported more than two computers and semi-permanent networks. - Infrared communications span only short distances. When networking two infrared devices, they must be within a few feet of each other. Unlike Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies, infrared network signals cannot penetrate walls or other obstructions and work only within a direct line of sight. Anything that blocks that direct line between two IR devices also blocks IR communication.

Evolution of Digital Storage Media

- Whether it's a personal music collection, a photo album, a computer program, or a company's business-critical systems, data storage is a must-have for nearly everyone today. As technology has evolved, computers have allowed for increasingly capacious and efficient data storage, which in turn has allowed increasingly sophisticated ways to use it. - These include a variety of business applications, each with unique storage demands. The storage used for long-term data archiving, in which the data will be very infrequently accessed, might be different from the storage used for backup and restore or disaster recovery, in which data needs to be frequently accessed or change. - None of these new data storage technologies would be possible, however, without a century of steady scientific and engineering progress. From the invention of the magnetic tape in 1928 all the way to the use of cloud today, advanced data storage has come a long way.

infographic resume dos

- consistent font, size, and color - introduction or "about me" is 1-2 sentences only - "about me" must meet with the specific job you are applying to - be specific - grammatically correct - separate values from skills - insert a chronological order - maximize space - put as much as possible in summarized form or bullet form - label your education (where you took primary, secondary, and tertiary education) - include social media accounts - summarize your achievements

canva

- graphic design platform that allows users to create social media graphics, presentations, posters, and other visual content - it is available on web and mobile, and integrates millions of images, fonts, templates and illustrations

Digital photography

- is photography that uses digital cameras to capture images. Digital cameras don't have film like standard cameras but use photosensitive sensors which convert the intensity of the light into electronic impulses that are then store them in digital memory devices as RGB color space or as raw data.

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

- refers to all technology that is used to handle telecommunication and access information. - It also includes broadcast media, management systems, and network-based control. - Modern definitions describe ICT as the convergence of several technologies including internet and wireless medium, but primary focus is on the access and sharing of information and communications. - It includes the use of computers, radio, television, cellular phones, network hardware and software, internet connections, satellite systems, applications needed for video conferencing and distance learning in the field of education.

first digital camera (as we know it today)

- was Fuji DS-1P made in 1988. I used JPEG and MPEG standards to be compress images and video to storage but (as all early variants) was not commercially successful. The first one that was sold commercially in Japan was DS-X by Fuji from December, 1989. First commercially sold camera on American Ground was Dycam Model 1 from 1990 but was a commercial failure because it could not make color images and was too pricey. Kodak started selling his Kodak DCS-100, which had 1.3 megapixels and a price of $13,000. Technology advanced, and others also started making their cameras. CCD was replaced in time with CMOS, which lowered the cost of cameras and allowed them to be placed on mobile telephones.

first electronic cameras

- were analog electronic cameras and were a step toward real digital cameras. Analog cameras recorded images as continuous signals, as videotape machines did, not as discrete (digital) levels. The first one appeared in 1981 and was called Sony Mavica. It recorded 25 to 50 images on video floppy disks. Images had a quality of the television of that time, but the camera didn't enter commercial production. The first commercial analog electronic camera was Canon RC-701, which appeared in 1984. These cameras were costly and had a lower quality of images compared to the standard film. They also needed equipment for capturing and printing of pictures, which also didn't help analog cameras to reach the wider public. They were mostly used by newspapers and the military.

In 1968, Edward Stupp, Pieter Cath, and Zsolt Szilagyi

- which worked at Philips Labs in New York, invented "All Solid State Radiation Imager" that received and stored an optical image on a matrix composed of an array of photodiodes. It was a predecessor of CCD (charge-coupled device), which was invented in 1969 by Bell Labs by Willard Boyle and George E. Smith at AT&T. Fairchild Semiconductor took the CCD and improved it in 1973. Steven Sasson, an engineer at Eastman Kodak, built the first recorded digital camera in 1975 using the CCD from Fairchild Semiconductor. It was a working prototype of a camera, not a commercial variant. It had 4kg; it could capture an image of 100 x 100 pixels and needed 23 seconds to make an image and record it on tape.

commonly used types of picture files

1. JPG 2. BMP 3. PNG 4. TIFF 5. GIF 6. SVG 7. PSD

BEST PRACTICES WHEN USING EMAIL

1. Replying to Emails Consider: Is it the best communication method? Think First before you Respond Always heed consequences of public consumption 2. Email Thread(s) Include only what is necessary Consider creating a new 3. Attachments Revisit importance of attachments Delete attachments if not needed Open, Read and Audit every attachment and ensure safety of its contents Ensure that metadata(embedded messages) is revisited to ensure its security 4. Subject Line Write appropriate subject lines Rename forwarded messages if necessary Remove excessive "FW" and "RE" references in the subject line 5. Address Line Revisit and turn-off options for automatic filing of names ("Suggest Names") Always double check the address line before sending email 6. Review Read, Review and Correct spelling of words before sending out messages Enable the automatic "spell check" 7. Draft Write drafts of emails first Write Last: Do not write the recipient in the "To" / "Cc" / "Bcc" fields to prevent sending the email to the wrong people Send only when draft is edited 8. "Reply to All" and "Bcc" Always check the list of recipients first Prevent sending your messages to wrong people Must be used only as a last resort to prevent disclosing confidential information 9. Inbox Clean-up File messages in an organized manner Delete excessive and repetitive messages Mark/Flag important messages for follow throughs 10. Breathe! Stop - Read - Check! Write when you are calm, never when you are angry Check form of language, avoid profanity Grammar - Grammar - Grammar! Remember to edit Must be very Careful! Your email can be used against you!

USB flash drive

A USB flash drive uses flash memory, which is non-volatile (meaning that it can get back stored data even after being powered off and then on again) and can be repeatedly erased and refilled with data - at least until the drive gets a corrupt sector. Flash drives are usually very small for the amount of data they carry. They have no moving parts and so aren't highly susceptible to wear and tear, they're cheap and they aren't as prone to damage as optical discs. They also don't rely on dedicated drives, instead using the standard USB ports included on all modern computers. Emerging into the market in late 2000, the earliest flash drives could store 8 MB of data. Today, flash drives that can store a terabyte of data are available.

Game Console

A computer device that outputs a video signal or visual image to display a video game that one or more people can play.

What is a mobile hotspot?

A mobile hotspot is a common feature on smartphones with both tethered and untethered connections. When you turn on your phone's mobile hotspot, you share your wireless network connection with other devices that can then access the Internet.

What is portable Wi-Fi hotspot?

A portable Wi-Fi hotspot is a mobile hotspot obtained through a cell phone carrier. It's a small device that uses cellular towers that broadcast high-speed 3G or 4G broadband signals. Multiple devices, like iPads and laptops, can then connect wirelessly to the device, which in turn seamlessly connects to the Internet where ever you travel. Similar to a cell phone, the portable hotspot's monthly cost is based on the data usage plan you select. A portable Wi-Fi hotspot is a more reliable way to access the Internet than searching for static public Wi-Fi hotspots.

What is a wireless access point?

A wireless access point (AP) allows wireless devices to connect to the wireless network. Having a Cisco wireless network makes it easy to bring new devices online and provides flexible support to mobile workers. What a wireless access point does for your network is similar to what an amplifier does for your home stereo. An access point takes the bandwidth coming from a router and stretches it so that many devices can go on the network from farther distances away. But a wireless access point does more than simply extend Wi-Fi. It can also give useful data about the devices on the network, provide proactive security, and serve many other practical purposes.

Pager

Also known as a beeper, is a wireless telecommunications device that receives and displays alphanumeric or voice messages.

Analog versus Digital Devices

Analog and digital signals are used to transmit information, usually through electric signals. In both these technologies, the information, such as any audio or video, is transformed into electronic messages. The difference between analog and digital technologies is that in analog technology, data is translated into electric pulses of varying amplitude. In digital technology, translation of information is into binary format (zero or one), where each bit is representative of two distinct amplitudes.

Emerging Technologies

Artificial Intelligence (AI) - an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed for include: > Speech recognition > Learning > Planning > Problem solving Robotics - the field of computer science and engineering concerned with creating devices that can move and react to sensory input. It is a form of artificial intelligence. Biometrics - the technology used to measure and analyze human body characteristics such as DNA, finger prints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns, and hand measurements, mainly for authentication purposes. Quantum Cryptography - the science of encoding and decoding information or messages which depends on physics, not mathematics. It is used for information privacy and security. Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) - the use of computers to assist in the translation of one or more natural languages into another or others, and vice-versa. 3D Imaging and Holography - holography is a photographic technique that uses light to project objects in a way that appears three-dimensional. Virtual Reality - the term used to describe a three-dimensional, computer-generated environment that can be explored and interacted with a person. NFT - An NFT is a digital asset that represents real-world objects like art, music, in-game items and videos. They are bought and sold online, frequently with cryptocurrency, and they are generally encoded with the same underlying software as many cryptos. Although they've been around since 2014, NFTs are gaining notoriety now because they are becoming an increasingly popular way to buy and sell digital artwork. A staggering $174 million has been spent on NFTs since November 2017. NFTs are also generally one of a kind, or at least one of a very limited run, and have unique identifying codes. NFT stands for non-fungible token. It's generally built using the same kind of programming as cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin or Ethereum, but that's where the similarity ends. Physical money and cryptocurrencies are "fungible," meaning they can be traded or exchanged for one another. They're also equal in value—one dollar is always worth another dollar; one Bitcoin is always equal to another Bitcoin. Crypto's fungibility makes it a trusted means of conducting transactions on the blockchain.

Magnetic Tape

As early as 1951, magnetic tape was being used in the UNISERVO system to store computer data. The UNISERVO tape drive was the primary I/O device on the UNIVAC I computer. Its place in history is assured as it was the first tape drive for a commercially sold computer. Although tape has largely been replaced by newer methods of data storage, it's still used, especially for storing large amounts of data. This is because of its low cost. Modern magnetic tape is usually found in cassettes and cartridges, but initially, tape was held on 10.5-inch open reels. This "de facto" standard for computer systems lasted all the way through to the 1980s when smaller, less fragile data storage systems were introduced.

Accessing the internet was expensive at the turn of the millennium.

Between 1993 and 1996, Sega, Nintendo and Atari made a number of attempts to break into "online" gaming by using cable providers, but none of them really took off due to slow Internet capabilities and problems with cable providers. It wasn't until the release of the Sega Dreamcast, the world's first Internet-ready console, in 2000 that real advances were made in online gaming as we know it today. The Dreamcast came with an embedded 56 Kbps modem and a copy of the latest PlanetWeb browser, making Internet-based gaming a core part of its setup rather than just a quirky add-on used by a minority of users. The Dreamcast was a truly revolutionary system, and was the first net-centric device to gain popularity. However, it also was a massive failure, which effectively put an end to Sega's console legacy. Accessing the internet was expensive at the turn of the millennium, and Sega ended up footing huge bills as users used its PlanetWeb browser around the world. Experts related the console's failure to the Internet-focused technology being ahead of its time, as well as the rapid evolution of PC technology in the early 2000s — which led people to doubt the use of a console designed solely for gaming. Regardless of its failure, Dreamcast paved the way for the next generation of consoles, such as the Xbox. Released in the mid-2000s, the new console manufacturers learned from and improved the net-centric focus of the Dreamcast, making online functionality an integral part of the gaming industry. The release of Runescape in 2001 was a game changer. MMORPG (massively multiplayer online role-playing games) allows millions of players worldwide to play, interact and compete against fellow fans on the same platform. The games also include chat functions, allowing players to interact and communicate with other players whom they meet in-game. These games may seem outdated now, but they remain extremely popular within the dedicated gaming community.

Blu-Ray

Blu-Ray (the 2000s) is the next generation of optical disc format used to store highdefinition video (HD) and high-density storage. Blu-Ray received its name for the blue laser that allows it to store more data than a standard DVD. It can store an enormous amount of Data in its storage space of 400 nanometres. Although still common, optical discs are currently being replaced by online data storage and distribution.

2G - Second Generation

Cell phones received their first major upgrade when they went from 1G to 2G. The main difference between the two mobile telephone systems (1G and 2G), is that the radio signals used by 1G network are analog, while 2G networks are digital . Main motive of this generation was to provide secure and reliable communication channel. 2G capabilities are achieved by allowing multiple users on a single channel via multiplexing. During 2G Cellular phones are used for data also along with voice. The advance in technology from 1G to 2G introduced many of the fundamental services that we still use today, such as SMS, internal roaming, conference calls, call hold and billing based on services e.g. charges based on long distance calls and real time billing. The max speed of 2G with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is 50 Kbps or 1 Mbps with Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). Before making the major leap from 2G to 3G wireless networks, the lesser-known 2.5G and 2.75G was an interim standard that bridged the gap.

BOT

Derived from the word "robot" MODE OF TRANSFER • automated process • interacts with other network services and dynamic websites • gather information (such as web crawlers) • interact automatically with instant messaging (IM), Internet Relay Chat (IRC), or other web interfaces. SEVERITY • continuous attack on the host • Irritate users - popping up windows or changing desktops

The Roots of Multiplayer Gaming as we know it

During the late 1970s, a number of chain restaurants around the U.S. started to install video games to capitalize on the hot new craze. The nature of the games sparked competition among players, who could record their high scores with their initials and were determined to mark their space at the top of the list. At this point, multiplayer gaming was limited to players competing on the same screen. The first example of players competing on separate screens came in 1973 with "Empire" — a strategic turn-based game for up to eight players — which was created for the PLATO network system. PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operation), was one of the first generalized computer-based teaching systems, originally built by the University of Illinois and later taken over by Control Data (CDC), who built the machines on which the system ran. According to usage logs from the PLATO system, users spent about 300,000 hours playing Empire between 1978 and 1985. In 1973, Jim Bowery released Spasim for PLATO — a 32-player space shooter — which is regarded as the first example of a 3D multiplayer game. While access to PLATO was limited to large organizations such as universities — and Atari — who could afford the computers and connections necessary to join the network, PLATO represents one of the first steps on the technological road to the internet, and online multiplayer gaming as we know it today. At this point, gaming was popular with the younger generations, and was a shared activity in that people competed for high-scores in arcades. However, most people would not have considered four out of every five American households having a games system as a probable reality.

Cloud Data Storage

Improvements in internet bandwidth and the falling cost of storage capacity means it's frequently more economical for business and individuals to outsource their data storage to the cloud, rather than buying, maintaining and replacing their own hardware. Cloud offers near-infinite scalability, and the anywhere/everywhere data access.

Home Gaming Becomes a Reality

In addition to gaming consoles becoming popular in commercial centers and chain restaurants in the U.S., the early 1970s also saw the advent of personal computers and mass-produced gaming consoles become a reality. Technological advancements, such as Intel's invention of the world's first microprocessor, led to the creation of games such as Gunfight in 1975, the first example of a multiplayer human-to-human combat shooter. While far from Call of Duty, Gunfight was a big deal when it first hit arcades. It came with a new style of gameplay, using one joystick to control movement and another for shooting direction — something that had never been seen before. As home gaming and arcade gaming boomed, so too did the development of the gaming community. In 1977, Atari released the Atari VCS (later known as the Atari 2600), but found sales slow, selling only 250,000 machines in its first year, then 550,000 in 1978 — well below the figures expected. The low sales have been blamed on the fact that Americans were still getting used to the idea of color TVs at home, the consoles were expensive and people were growing tired of Pong, Atari's most popular game. When it was released, the Atari VCS was only designed to play 10 simple challenge games, such as Pong, Outlaw and Tank. However, the console included an external ROM slot where game cartridges could be plugged in; the potential was quickly discovered by programmers around the world, who created games far outperforming the console's original designed. 1200px-Atari-2600-Light-Sixer-FLThe integration of the microprocessor also led to the release of Space Invaders for the Atari VCS in 1980, signifying a new era of gaming — and sales: Atari 2600 sales shot up to 2 million units in 1980. As home and arcade gaming boomed, so too did the development of the gaming community. The late 1970s and early 1980s saw the release of hobbyist magazines such as Creative Computing (1974), Computer and Video Games (1981) and Computer Gaming World (1981). These magazines created a sense of community, and offered a channel by which gamers could engage.

The Move to Online Gaming on Consoles

Long before gaming giants Sega and Nintendo moved into the sphere of online gaming, many engineers attempted to utilize the power of telephone lines to transfer information between consoles. William von Meister unveiled groundbreaking modem-transfer technology for the Atari 2600 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas in 1982. The new device, the CVC GameLine, enabled users to download software and games using their fixed telephone connection and a cartridge that could be plugged in to their Atari console. The device allowed users to "download" multiple games from programmers around the world, which could be played for free up to eight times; it also allowed users to download free games on their birthdays. Unfortunately, the device failed to gain support from the leading games manufacturers of the time, and was dealt a death-blow by the crash of 1983. Real advances in "online" gaming wouldn't take place until the release of 4th generation 16-bit-era consoles in the early 1990s, after the internet as we know it became part of the public domain in 1993. In 1995 Nintendo released Satellaview, a satellite modem peripheral for Nintendo's Super Famicom console. The technology allowed users to download games, news and cheats hints directly to their console using satellites. Broadcasts continued until 2000, but the technology never made it out of Japan to the global market.

INTERNET THREATS - need for

Mindfulness Cautiousness Sensitivity Protection

How does Wi-Fi work?

On the technical side, the IEEE 802.11 standard defines the protocols that enable communications with current Wi-Fi-enabled wireless devices, including wireless routers and wireless access points. Wireless access points support different IEEE standards. Each standard is an amendment that was ratified over time. The standards operate on varying frequencies, deliver different bandwidth, and support different numbers of channels.

Williams Tube

Professor Fredrick C. Williams and his colleagues developed the first random access computer memory at the University of Manchester located in the United Kingdom. He used a series of electrostatic cathode-ray tubes for digital storage. A storage of 1024 bits of information was successfully implemented in 1948.

Onward To Atari and Arcade Gaming

Sega and Taito were the first companies to pique the public's interest in arcade gaming when they released the electromechanical games Periscope and Crown Special Soccer in 1966 and 1967. In 1972, Atari (founded by Nolan Bushnell, the godfather of gaming) became the first gaming company to really set the benchmark for a large-scale gaming community. The nature of the games sparked competition among players, who could record their high scores ... and were determined to mark their space at the top of the list. Atari not only developed their games in-house, they also created a whole new industry around the "arcade," and in 1973, retailing at $1,095, Atari began to sell the first real electronic video game Pong, and arcade machines began emerging in bars, bowling alleys and shopping malls around the world. Tech-heads realized they were onto a big thing; between 1972 and 1985, more than 15 companies began to develop video games for the ever-expanding market.

Evolution of Digital Gaming

Since its commercial birth in the 1950s as a technological oddity at a science fair, gaming has blossomed into one of the most profitable entertainment industries in the world. The mobile technology boom in recent years has revolutionized the industry and opened the doors to a new generation of gamers. Indeed, gaming has become so integrated with modern popular culture that now even grandmas know what Angry Birds is, and more than 42 percent of Americans are gamers and four out of five U.S. households have a console.

The Move toward Mobile

Since smartphones and app stores hit the market in 2007, gaming has undergone yet another rapid evolution that has changed not only the way people play games, but also brought gaming into the mainstream pop culture in a way never before seen. Rapid developments in mobile technology over the last decade have created an explosion of mobile gaming, which is set to overtake revenue from console-based gaming in 2015. This huge shift in the gaming industry toward mobile, especially in Southeast Asia, has not only widened gaming demographics, but also pushed gaming to the forefront of media attention. Like the early gaming fans joining niche forums, today's users have rallied around mobile gaming, and the internet, magazines and social media are full of commentaries of new games and industry gossip. As always, gamers' blogs and forums are filled with new game tips, and sites such as Macworld, Ars Technica and TouchArcade push games from lesser-known independent developers, as well as traditional gaming companies. The gaming industry was previously monopolized by a handful of companies, but in recent years, companies such as Apple and Google have been sneaking their way up the rankings due to their games sales earnings from their app stores. The timekilling nature of mobile gaming is attractive to so many people who basic games such as Angry Birds made Rovio $200 million in 2012 alone, and broke two billion downloads in 2014. More complex mass multiplayer mobile games such as Clash of Clans are bringing in huge sums each year, connecting millions of players around the world through their mobile device or League of Legends on the PC.

The Modern Age of Gaming

Since the early 2000s, Internet capabilities have exploded and computer processor technology has improved at such a fast rate that every new batch of games, graphics and consoles seems to blow the previous generation out of the water. The cost of technology, servers and the internet has dropped so far that internet at lightning speeds is now accessible and commonplace, and 3.2 billion people across the globe have access to the internet. According to the ESA Computer and video games industry report for 2015, at least 1.5 billion people with Internet access play video games. Online storefronts such as Xbox Live Marketplace and the Wii Shop Channel have totally changed the way people buy games, update software and communicate and interact with other gamers, and networking services like Sony's PSN have helped online multiplayer gaming reach unbelievable new heights. Every new batch of games, graphics and consoles seems to blow the previous generation out of the water. Technology allows millions around the world to enjoy gaming as a shared activity. The recent ESA gaming report showed that 54 percent of frequent gamers feel their hobby helps them connect with friends, and 45 percent use gaming as a way to spend time with their family. By the time of the Xbox 360 release, online multiplayer gaming was an integral part of the experience (especially "deathmatch" games played against millions of peers around the world for games such as Call of Duty Modern Warfare). Nowadays, many games have an online component that vastly improves the gameplay experience and interactivity, often superseding the importance of the player's offline game objectives. "What I've been told as a blanket expectation is that 90% of players who start your game will never see the end of it..." says Keith Fuller, a longtime production contractor for Activision. As online first-person shooter games became more popular, gaming "clans" began to emerge around the world. A clan, guild or faction is an organized group of video gamers that regularly play together in multiplayer games. These games range from groups of a few friends to 4,000-person organizations with a broad range of structures, goals and members. Multiple online platforms exist, where clans are rated against each other and can organize battles and meet-ups online.

Common Online Platforms

Social Media - web-based technology that allows the development, deployment, and management of social media solutions and services. It provides solutions to creating social media websites. E-Commerce and M-Commerce - e-commerce is a collection of software technologies that allows merchants to create a storefront on the internet while m-commerce transacts business entirely on mobile technologies. Online Learning - an incorporated set of interactive online services that provides the teachers, learners, parents, and others involved in education sector with a wide range of tools and resources to support and enhance the delivery and management of education through the internet. Online Video - a service providing end-to-end tools used to create, customize, publish, and manage videos online.

Magnetic Drum

Taushek, an Austrian innovator, invented the magnetic drum in 1932. He based his invention off a discovery credited to Fritz Pfleumer. Electromagnetic pulse was stored by changing the magnetic orientation of ferromagnetic particles on the drum.

What is a desktop Wi-Fi router?

The most common way for users to connect to the Internet wirelessly is with a desktop wireless (Wi-Fi) router. These routers look like small boxes with multiple short antennas to help broadcast the signal throughout a home or workplace. The farther a user is from the base Wi-Fi router, the weaker the signal. So multiple wireless routers, called range extenders, usually are placed throughout the workspace. Wi-Fi range extenders, placed in an array, boost or extend Internet coverage.

Machine-Readable Punched Card

The standard punched card, originally invented by Herman Hollerith, was first used for vital statistics tabulation by the New York City Board of Health and several states. After this trial use, punched cards were adopted for use in the 1890 census.

Floppy Disk

This relic of data storage emerged in the 1970s. By the early 2000s, it was almost completely out of use, replaced by sturdier, highe r capacity devices like USB flash drives. A floppy disk was composed of a thin, flexible magnetic disk inside a flat plastic cartridge and lined with a fabric designed to remove dust particles from the magnetic disk. Floppy disks were produced in three main sizes. The 8-inch disk stored 1 MB of data, the 5.25-inch disk stored 1.2 MB and the 3.5-inch disk stored 1.44 MB.

1G - First Generation

This was the first generation of cell phone technology. The very first generation of commercial cellular network was introduced in the late 70's with fully implemented standards being established throughout the 80's. It was introduced in 1987 by Telecom (known today as Telstra), Australia received its first cellular mobile phone network utilizing a 1G analog system. 1G is an analog technology and the phones generally had poor battery life and voice quality was large without much security, and would sometimes experience dropped calls. These are the analog telecommunications standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The maximum speed of 1G is 2.4 Kbps.

AVOIDING COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT

UNDERSTAND - copyright protects literary works, photographs, paintings, drawings, films, music(and lyrics), choreography, and sculptures, but it generally does NOT protect underlying ideas and facts. This means that you can express something using your own words, but you should give credit to the source. BE RESPONSIBLE - even if a material does not say that it is copyrighted, it is not a valid defense against copyright. BE CREATIVE • Always ask yourself - whether what you are making is something that came form you or something made from somebody else's creativity. • It is important to add your own creative genius in everything that will be credited to you. KNOW THE LAW • There are limitations applicable to copyright laws. • For instance in the Philippines, copyrights only last a lifetime (of the author) plus 50 years.

What does Wi-Fi mean?

Wi-Fi is not an acronym; it is a brand name created by a marketing firm that's meant to serve as an interoperability seal for marketing efforts.

What is a wireless router?

Wireless routers are commonly found in homes. They're the hardware devices that Internet service providers use to connect you to their cable or xDSL Internet network. A wireless router is sometimes referred to as a wireless local area network (WLAN) device. A wireless network is also called a Wi-Fi network. A wireless router combines the networking functions of a wireless access point and a router. Read more about wireless routers.

Copyright Law

a part of a law, wherein you have the right/s to your work, and anyone who uses it without your consent is punishable by law. • As a responsible user of Internet, you have to consider that not everything out there is free for you to use.

SPYWARE

• A malicious software that records your actions or information without your knowledge • Must - install and update anti -spyware and antivirus programs running on your computer

WHAT IS A PATENT?

• A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. • To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application. • Duration: 20 years

VIRUS

• A type of malware • Propagates by inserting a copy of itself into a program • Becomes a part of the program • Spreads from one computer to another • Leaves a trail of infections • Active only until a user runs or opens the malicious host file or program. MODE OF TRANSFER • through network transfer, disk, file sharing, e-mail attachments SEVERITY • damage to data or software • denial-of-service (DoS) conditions

WORM

• A type of malware • Similar to viruses • Replicate functional copies of itself MODE OF TRANSFER • standalone software, unaided transfer • do not require a host program • through vulnerability in the system • takes advantage of file-transport

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND COPYRIGHT LAW

• If you create something - an idea, an invention, a form of literary work, or a research, you have the right of how it should be used by others. This is called intellectual property.

MALWARE

• Malware or malicious code (malcode) is short for malicious software • It is a code or software that is specifically designed to damage, disrupt, steal, or in general inflict some other "bad" or illegitimate action on data, hosts, or networks

TROJAN

• Named and designed after a Greek Mythology MODE OF TRANSFER • users are tricked into loading and executing (e-mail, downloads, activated an .exe file SEVERITY • continuous attack on the host • Irritate users - popping up windows or changing desktops • Damaged host - deleting files, stealing data, or activating and spreading other malware (viruses)

DIGITAL AWARENESS

• Online ethics focuses on the acceptable use of online resources in an online environment • Netiquette focuses on the acceptable behavior of the person while using the internet resource • Online safety and security defines how you are going to keep yourself safe while surfing the web

WHAT IS WORD PROCESSING ?

• The production, storage, and manipulation of text on a computer or word processor. • A word processor is an electronic device or computer software application, that performs the task of composing, editing, formatting, and printing of documents.

MAJOR CONCERNS OF COMPUTER ETHICS

• The protection of private information • The limits of a presumed freedom of expression • Issues of libel.

BEST PRACTICES FOR SECURE COMPUTING

• You are always a target! Remember: We are all at risk! Your reputation is at stake Be vigilant - protect yourself • Software Updates Always install the latest security updates • Avoid Electronic Scams Phishing is not a joke - your personal information is at stake Be suspicious of all incoming information • Password management Keep it unique and updated Attachments are Tricky! Do Not make a habit of clicking everything Stop - Read - Think Secure Devices Never leave them unattended Lock your devices at all times Always use encryption Back-up Always back-up your data!

Advantages

No contract is required -pay as you go service with the cost of calls added to the telephone bill No special equipment such as a router required Available where ever there is a telephone service

Entrance and Exit Animation Effects

Select the text or object that you want to animate. On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click an animation effect from the gallery. Click the More arrow to see more options. Note: In the gallery, entrance effects icons are colored green, emphasis effects icons are colored yellow, and exit effects icons are colored red. To alter how your selected text animates, click Effect Options, and then click what you want the animation to do. Note: Not all animation effects offer the same Effect Options choices. To specify the timing of the effects, on the Animations tab, use the commands in the Timing group.

INFOGRAPHIC

The term "Infographics" is applied to information, data or knowledge that is presented in graphic visual form and presents a clear message quickly and clearly Information graphics or infographics represent information, statistical data, in a graphical manner usually done way to attract the viewer's attention A video infographic is a visual representation of data and knowledge in the form of an online video According to the Weiss-McGrath Report, if you present information using voice and visuals (video format), retention is staggeringly higher after 24 hours; for this reason, video is simply the most efficient way for people to absorb information Infographic, also known as data visualization, is a visual image that is used to explain information or data A well-known example would be simple yet effective road signs

Filter

Filter your Excel data if you only want to display records that meet certain criteria. 1. Click any single cell inside a data set. 2. On the Data tab, in the Sort & Filter group, click Filter. 3. Click the arrow next to City. 4. Click on Select All to clear all the check boxes, and click the check box next to Valenzuela. 5. Click OK. Result. Excel only displays the sales in the Valenzuela. 6. Click the arrow next to Quarter. 7. Click on Select All to clear all the check boxes, and click the check box next to Qtr 4. 8. Click OK. Result. Excel only displays the sales in the Valenzuela in Qtr 4. 9. To remove the filter, on the Data tab, in the Sort & Filter group, click Clear. To remove the filter and the arrows, click Filter.

4G - Fourth Generation

4G is a very different technology as compared to 3G and was made possible practically only because of the advancements in the technology in the last 10 years. Its purpose is to provide high speed, high quality and high capacity to users while improving security and lower the cost of voice and data services, multimedia and internet over IP. Potential and current applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television, and cloud computing.

GIF

A GIF is just an Animated Image. In its simplest form, a GIF (pronounced "gif" or "jiff") is just an image file. Like the JPEG or PNG file formats, the GIF format can be used to make still images.

PSD

A PSD file is an image file created by Adobe Photoshop, a professional image-editing program often used to enhance digital photos and create web graphics. It is the native format used to save files in Photoshop. PSD files may include image layers, adjustment layers, layer masks, annotations, file information, keywords, and other Photoshop-specific elements. They are commonly created and shared among graphics professionals.

Sort

A key feature in Microsoft Excel that allows you to easily organize information in the table records.

Online Platforms

A platform is defined as a group of technologies that are used as a base upon which other applications, processes, or technologies are developed. It can be programmed and therefore customized by outside developers who are the users.

Charts

A simple chart in Excel can say more than a sheet full of numbers. As you'll see, creating charts is very easy. Open Charts Exercise.xlsx. Create a Chart To create a line chart, execute the following steps. 1. Select the range A1:D7. 2. On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Line symbol. 3. Click Line with Markers.

Gadget

A small mechanical or electronic device or tool, especially an ingenious or novel one.

SVG

An SVG file is a Scalable Vector Graphics file. SVG files use an XML-based text format to describe how an image should appear and can be opened with a web browser.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES (ANIMATION)

Animation can help make a PowerPoint presentation more dynamic, and help make information more memorable. The most common types of animation effects include entrances and exits. You can also add sound to increase the intensity of your animation effects. Presentation experts recommend using animations and sound effects sparingly. Animation can be useful in making a presentation more dynamic, and help to emphasize points, but too much animation can be distracting. Do not let animation and sound take the focus away from what you are saying.

ONLINE RESEARCH

As a tool for information gathering

Delay the Start Time

If you want to delay the start time or pause in between animation effects on a slide, you can set a delay on one or more effects. 1. On the slide, click the text or object that contains the animation effect that you want to set a delay for or another timing option. 2. On the Animations tab, in the Delay box, enter in the number of seconds that you want the effect to pause before running. Tip: The start of an effect's delay period is controlled by its Start setting. For example, if an effect is set to start After Previous with a delay of 1.5 seconds, its delay of 1.5 seconds begins when the previous effect ends.

Switch Row/Column

If you want to display the animals (instead of the months) on the horizontal axis, execute the following steps. 1. Select the chart. 2. On the Design tab, in the Data group, click Switch Row/Column.

Storage Medium

It refers to a physical device or component in a computing system that receives and retains information relating to applications and users.

Getting Started With PowerPoint Animations

Let's start with introducing the different types of animations in PowerPoint. In essence, the types of animations can be summarized by the following: Transitions Animations Transitions are a type of animations in between slides. You can view the Transitions pane to view all possible transition effects you can use. These are ideal when you want to have a noticeable transition between two slides, as you'll find in some examples later in this tutorial. Animations are animations on your slide. You can view your options in the Animations pane. These are often used as action effects while you're presenting your slide. For example, an animation can be used to highlight a particular element on your slide.

Repeat or Rewind

Normally, when an animated object has run its course, it stays at its endpoint and appears in its final form. You can set an animation effect (or sequence of effects) to return to its original state, or repeat. 1. On the Animations tab, click the Show Additional Effect Options launcher 2. Click the Timing tab, and do one or both of the following: To play an animation effect more than once, select an option in the Repeat list. To automatically return an animation effect to its original state and location on the slide after it plays, check the Rewind when done playing box.

Conditional Formatting

Open Conditional Formatting Exercise.xlsx. Conditional formatting in Excel enables you to highlight cells with a certain color, depending on the cell's value. Highlight Cells Rules To highlight cells that are greater than a value, execute the following steps. 1. Select the range A1:A10. 2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting. 3. Click Highlight Cells Rules, Greater Than. 4. Enter the value 80 and select a formatting style. 5. Click OK. Result. Excel highlights the cells that are greater than 80. 6. Change the value of cell A1 to 81. Result. Excel changes the format of cell A1 automatically. Note: you can also use this category (see step 3) to highlight cells that are less than a value, between two values, equal to a value, cells that contain specific text, dates (today, last week, next month, etc.), duplicates or unique values.

Conditional Formatting with Formulas

Open Conditional Formatting with Formulas Exercise.xlsx. Take your Excel skills to the next level and use a formula to determine which cells to format. Formulas that apply conditional formatting must evaluate to TRUE or FALSE. 1. Select the range A1:E5. 2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting. 3. Click New Rule. 4. Select 'Use a formula to determine which cells to format'. 5. Enter the formula =ISODD(A1) 6. Select a formatting style and click OK. Result. Excel highlights all odd numbers. Explanation: always write the formula for the upper-left cell in the selected range. Excel automatically copies the formula to the other cells. Thus, cell A2 contains the formula =ISODD(A2), cell A3 contains the formula =ISODD(A3), etc. Here's another example. Open Sort.xlsx. 7. Select the range A2:D15. Result. Excel highlights all Valenzuela orders. Explanation: we fixed the reference to column C by placing a $ symbol in front of the column letter ($C2). As a result, cell B2, C2 and cell D2 also contain the formula =$C2="Valenzuela", cell A3, B3, C3 and D3 contain the formula =$C3="Valenzuela", etc.

ONLINE ETIQUETTE OR NETIQUETTE

"Basic Rules to follow while communicating online" Think before you click! Respect the time and bandwidth of others. Don't send messages that could be misinterpreted as threatening or hurtful. Follow the conventions of writing when sending formal emails or posting comments online. Respect others' right to privacy.

Digital cameras are

- more modern than film cameras. They have their advantages but they also have their bad sides.

BMP

A bitmap is a mapping from one system such as integers to bits. It is also known as bitmap index or a bit array.

• ONLINE SAFETY AND SECURITY

Apply standards and practices

Filter

Because we added the Country field to the Filters area, we can filter this pivot table by Country. For example, which products do we export the most to France? 1. Click the filter drop-down and select France. Result. Apples are our main export product to France. Note: you can use the standard filter (triangle next to Row Labels) to only show the amounts of specific products.

PHILIPPINE COPYRIGHT LAW, ETHICS IN SOCIAL MEDIA, ONLINE USER BEHAVIOR

COPYRIGHT, TRADEMARKS & PATENTS

Data Analytics

Data analytics is the science of analyzing raw data in order to make conclusions about that information. Many of the techniques and processes of data analytics have been automated into mechanical processes and algorithms that work over raw data for human consumption.

Error Alert

If users ignore the input message and enter a number that is not valid, you can show them an error alert. On the Error Alert tab: 1. Check 'Show error alert after invalid data is entered'. 2. Enter a title. 3. Enter an error message. 4. Click OK.

Input Message

Input messages appear when the user selects the cell and tell the user what to enter. On the Input Message tab: 1. Check 'Show input message when cell is selected'. 2. Enter a title. 3. Enter an input message.

COMMON SAFETY CONCERNS ON THE INTERNET

Internet Threats - need for Mindfulness Cautiousness Sensitivity Protection

PNG

It contains a bitmap compressed with lossless compression similar to a .GIF file but does not support animation. PNG files are commonly used to store web graphics, digital photographs, and images with transparent backgrounds

Conditional Formatting.

It is a feature in Microsoft Excel that allows you to apply specific formatting to meet a certain criterion. It is most often used as color-based formatting to highlight, emphasize or differentiate among data and information stored in a spreadsheet

JPG

Joint Photographic Expert Group

Sort - How

Open Sort Exercise.xlsx. You can sort your Excel data on one column or multiple columns. You can sort in ascending or descending order.

Pivot Tables

Pivot tables are one of Excel's most powerful features. A pivot table allows you to extract the significance from a large, detailed data set. Open Pivot Table Exercise.xlsx. Our data set consists of 213 records and 6 fields. Order ID, Product, Category, Amount, Date and Country. To insert a pivot table, execute the following steps. 1. Click any single cell inside the data set. 2. On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click PivotTable. The following dialog box appears. Excel automatically selects the data for you. The default location for a new pivot table is New Worksheet. 3. Click OK.

Clear Rules

To clear a conditional formatting rule, execute the following steps. 1. Select the range A1:A10. 2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting. 3. Click Clear Rules, Clear Rules from Selected Cells.

Sort

To get Banana at the top of the list, sort the pivot table. 1. Click any cell inside the Sum of Amount column. 2. Right click and click on Sort, Sort Largest to Smallest.

Sort a Table

To sort by Last Name first and Sales second, execute the following steps. 1. Click the arrow next to Sales and click Sort Smallest to Largest. 2. Click the arrow next to Last Name and click Sort A to Z.

BALANCE

• A distribution of visual weight on either side of the vertical axis • Symmetrical balance uses the same characteristics • Asymmetrical uses different but equally weighted features

3G - Third Generation

This generation set the standards for most of the wireless technology we have come to know and love. Web browsing, email, video downloading, picture sharing and other Smartphone technology were introduced in the third generation. Introduced commercially in 2001, the goals set out for third generation mobile communication were to facilitate greater voice and data capacity, support a wider range of applications, and increase data transmission at a lower cost.

Drag Fields

The PivotTable Fields pane appears. To get the total amount exported of each product, drag the following fields to the different areas. 1. Product field to the Rows area. 2. Amount field to the Values area. 3. Country field to the Filters area. Below you can find the pivot table. Bananas are our main export product. That's how easy pivot tables can be!

The Future

The move to mobile technology has defined the recent chapter of gaming, but while onthe-move gaming is well-suited to the busy lives of millennials, gaming on mobile devices also has its limitations. Phone screens are small (well, at least until the iPhone 6s came out), and processor speeds and internal memories on the majority of cellphones limit gameplay possibilities. According to a recent VentureBeat article, mobile gaming is already witnessing its first slump. Revenue growth has slowed, and the cost of doing business and distribution costs have risen dramatically over the last few years. Although mobile gaming has caused the death of hand-held gaming devices, consoles are still booming, and each new generation of console welcomes a new era of technology and capabilities. Two industries that could well play a key role in the future of gaming are virtual reality and artificial intelligence technology. The next chapter for gaming is still unclear, but whatever happens, it is sure to be entertaining. Virtual reality (VR) company Oculus was acquired by Facebook in 2014, and is set to release its Rift headset in 2016. The headset seems to lean perfectly toward use within the video games industry, and would potentially allow gamers to "live" inside an interactive, immersive 3D world. The opportunities to create fully interactive, dynamic "worlds" for MMORPG, in which players could move around, interact with other players and experience the digital landscapes in a totally new dimension, could be within arm's reach. There have been a lot of advancements over the last few years in the world of languageprocessing artificial intelligence. In 2014, Google acquired Deep Mind; this year, IBM acquired AlchemyAPI, a leading provider in deep-learning technology; in October 2015, Apple made two AI acquisitions in less than a week. Two of the fields being developed are accuracy for voice recognition technology and open-ended dialogue with computers. These advances could signify an amazing new chapter for gaming — especially if combined with VR, as they could allow games to interact with characters within games, who would be able to respond to questions and commands, with intelligent and seemingly natural responses. In the world of first-person shooters, sports games and strategy games, players could effectively command the computer to complete in-game tasks, as the computer would be able to understand commands through a headset due to advances in voice recognition accuracy. If the changes that have occurred over the last century are anything to go by, it appears that gaming in 2025 will be almost unrecognizable to how it is today. Although Angry Birds has been a household name since its release in 2011, it is unlikely to be remembered as fondly as Space Invaders or Pong. Throughout its progression, gaming has seen multiple trends wane and tide, then be totally replaced by another technology. The next chapter for gaming is still unclear, but whatever happens, it is sure to be entertaining.

Personal Computers: Designing Games and Opening up to a Wider Community

The video game boom caused by Space Invaders saw a huge number of new companies and consoles pop up, resulting in a period of market saturation. Too many gaming consoles, and too few interesting, engaging new games to play on them, eventually led to the 1983 North American video games crash, which saw huge losses, and truckloads of unpopular, poor-quality titles buried in the desert just to get rid of them. The gaming industry was in need of a change. At more or less the same time that consoles started getting bad press, home computers like the Commodore Vic-20, the Commodore 64 and the Apple II started to grow in popularity. These new home computer systems were affordable for the average American, retailing at around $300 in the early 1980s (around $860 in today's money), and were advertised as the "sensible" option for the whole family. These home computers had much more powerful processors than the previous generation of consoles; this opened the door to a new level of gaming, with more complex, less linear games. They also offered the technology needed for gamers to create their own games with BASIC code. Even Bill Gates designed a game, called Donkey (a simple game that involved dodging donkeys on a highway while driving a sports car). Interestingly, the game was brought back from the dead as an iOS app back in 2012. While the game was described at the time as "crude and embarrassing" by rivals at Apple, Gates included the game to inspire users to develop their own games and programs using the integrated BASIC code program. Magazines like Computer and Video Games and Gaming World provided BASIC source code for games and utility programs, which could be typed into early PCs. Games, programs and readers' code submissions were accepted and shared. In addition to providing the means for more people to create their own game using code, early computers also paved the way for multiplayer gaming, a key milestone for the evolution of the gaming community. Early computers such as the Macintosh, and some consoles such as the Atari ST, allowed users to connect their devices with other players as early as the late 1980s. In 1987, MidiMaze was released on the Atari ST and included a function by which up to 16 consoles could be linked by connecting one computer's MIDI-OUT port to the next computer's MIDI-IN port. While many users reported that more than four players at a time slowed the game dramatically and made it unstable, this was the first step toward the idea of a deathmatch, which exploded in popularity with the release of Doom in 1993 and is one of the most popular types of games today. The real revolution in gaming came when LAN networks, and later the internet, opened up multiplayer gaming. Multiplayer gaming over networks really took off with the release of Pathway to Darkness in 1993, and the "LAN Party" was born. LAN gaming grew more popular with the release of Marathon on the Macintosh in 1994 and especially after first-person multiplayer shooter Quake hit stores in 1996. By this point, the release of Windows 95 and affordable Ethernet cards brought networking to the Windows PC, further expanding the popularity of multiplayer LAN games. The real revolution in gaming came when LAN networks, and later the internet, opened up multiplayer gaming. Multiplayer gaming took the gaming community to a new level because it allowed fans to compete and interact from different computers, which improved the social aspect of gaming. This key step set the stage for the large-scale interactive gaming that modern gamers currently enjoy. On April 30, 1993, CERN put the World Wide Web software in the public domain, but it would be years before the internet was powerful enough to accommodate gaming as we know it today.

Two-dimensional Pivot Table

Two-dimensional Pivot Table If you drag a field to the Rows area and Columns area, you can create a two-dimensional pivot table. First, insert a pivot table. Next, to get the total amount exported to each country, of each product, drag the following fields to the different areas. 1. Country field to the Rows area. 2. Product field to the Columns area. 3. Amount field to the Values area. 4. Category field to the Filters area.

PHISHING

• Acquire passwords and credit card details MODE OF ATTACK • through email • through updates on username, password, credit card, or other personal information

PHARMING

• Complicated form of phishing • Exploits the DNS (Domain Name Service) systems

EMPHASIS and CONTRAST

• It creates the center of interest or focal point • It is the place in which an Artist draws your eyes first • Contrast is the combination of opposing characteristics of an element like size, color, thickness, etc. that allows emphasis on key elements

MOVEMENT

• It describes the flow of elements on the page; how the eye moves through the composition; leading the attention of the viewer from one aspect of the work to another • Can create the illusion of action

PHOTO EDITING AND PHOTO MANIPULATION

• Picture editing means to enhance the components of a photo and meet basic requirements of the photographer; if an existing photo needs better brightness and contrast, more saturation, a shift in focus, and optimization by cropping, it is an enhancement done to the photo • On other hand, to modify certain image elements like adding skyline from another photo, removing unwanted elements in the backdrop, removing blemishes from a portrait, and change facial features, it refers to image manipulation

REPETITION, PATTERN, and RHYTHM

• Repetition refers to one object or shape repeated • Pattern is a combination of elements or shapes repeated in a recurring and regular arrangement • Rhythm is a combination of elements repeated, but with variations.

VARIETY

• This uses several design elements to draw a viewer's attention

PROPORTION and UNITY

• Visual elements create a sense of unity where they relate well with one another • Proportion is the size of an object in an image or the scale for an image; it is how the object takes up space in the image and how it fits and relates in a picture • Unity is the sense of oneness of the elements that creates balance and harmony

Apply Multiple Animation Effects to One Object

You can apply multiple animation effects to a single string of text or an object, such as a picture, shape, or SmartArt graphic. Tip: When working with multiple animation effects, it helps to work in the Animation Pane, where you can see a list of all the animation effects for the current slide.

Change Chart Type

You can easily change to a different type of chart at any time. 1. Select the chart. 2. On the Design tab, in the Type group, click Change Chart Type. 3. On the left side, click Column. 4. Click OK

Trigger an Animation Effect

You can trigger an animation effect to begin playing at the beginning of an audio or video clip, or even while audio or video plays. You can also trigger an animation effect to start when you click the shape or object that will be animated. Trigger an animation effect to begin when you click it 1. Select the shape or object you want to add an animation to. 2. Go to Animations > Advanced Animation > Add Animation and select the animation you want to add. 3. Next, go to Animations > Advanced Animation > Animation Pane. 4. In the Animation Pane, select the animated shape or other object that you want to trigger to play when you click it. 5. In the Advanced Animation group, click Trigger, point to On Click, and then select the object.

Data Labels

You can use data labels to focus your readers' attention on a single data series or data point. 1. Select the chart. 2. Click a green bar to select the Jun data series. 3. Hold down CTRL and use your arrow keys to select the population of Dolphins in June (tiny green bar). 4. Click the + button on the right side of the chart and click the check box next to Data Labels.

Fair Use

means that an intellectual property may be used without a consent as long as it is used in commentaries, criticisms, search engines, parodies, news reports, research, library archiving, teaching and education

One Column

- To sort on one column, execute the following steps. 1. Click any cell in the column you want to sort. 2. To sort in ascending order, on the Data tab, in the Sort & Filter group, click AZ.

infographic resume don'ts

- unorganized content - unspecified sections - uneven spaces - writing no experience or experiences you don't have - long sentences or paragraphs - small texts - inserting grades - unreadable or vague colors - minimal information in 2nd page - writing your hobbies, and if you are good at it, write it under skills - pixelated picture/selfie or wacky pic - using 20k instead of 20, 000 - writing specific personal information

Change the Playing Order in PowerPoint for the Web

1. Click the object on your slide with the animation effects that you want to reorder. 2. On the Animations tab, click Move Earlier or Move Later to change the playing order. The animation numeral next to the object on the slide changes to indicate its new position in the playing sequence.

Open the Animation Pane

1. Select the object on the slide that you want to animate. 2. On the Animations tab, click Animation Pane. 3. Click Add Animation, and pick an animation effect. 4. To apply additional animation effects to the same object, select it, click Add Animation and pick another animation effect. Important: After applying the first animation effect, if you try to add more animation effects any other way other than clicking Add Animation, you won't apply an additional effect. Instead, you'll replace the existing effect with a the one you're adding

Apply a Motion Path to Text or an Object

1. Click the object or text to which you want to add a motion path. The path that you apply is followed by the center of the object or text bullet. 2. On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, under Motion Paths, do one of the following: Click Lines, Arcs, Turns, Shapes, or Loops. The path chosen appears as a dotted line on the selected object or text object. The green arrow indicates the path's beginning and the red arrow indicates its end. Click Custom Path. Click where you want the motion path to start. To draw a path of connected straight lines, move the pointer and click where you want the line to end. Draw the next connected line by clicking where you want it to end. Doubleclick at the motion's final end point. To draw an irregular path, hold down the left mouse button and move the pointer on the path that you want the motion path to follow. Double-click at the motion's final end point. 3. To see the complete animation and sound for the slide, on the Animations tab, in the Preview group, click Preview. Notes: To move the entire motion path, click it to turn the pointer to a four-way arrow , then drag the motion path where you want it. The Shapes and Loops paths are closed, meaning the object returns to its starting point. To return to the starting point with an open path, such as Lines, Arcs, Turns, or Custom Path, right-click the path and then click Close Path. A linear path is added from the previous end point to the starting point. To change the shape of a motion path, right-click the path and then click Edit Points. Square black handles appear on the path. Drag one of the handles to move that portion of the path. Any part of the path, including the beginning or ending point, can operate off the slide.

Add a Bookmark

1. On the slide, click the video or audio clip. 2. In the audio or video controls below the clip, click Play. 3. When you reach the point where you want to make the cut, click Pause. 4. To indicate a point of interest, do one of the following: Video clip: Under Video Tools, on the Playback tab, in the Bookmarks group, click Add Bookmark. Audio clip: Under Audio Tools, on the Playback tab, in the Bookmarks group, click Add Bookmark.

Data Validation Result

1. Select cell C2. 2. Try to enter a number higher than 10. Result: Note: to remove data validation from a cell, select the cell, on the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Data Validation, and then click Clear All.

Change Summary Calculation

By default, Excel summarizes your data by either summing or counting the items. To change the type of calculation that you want to use, execute the following steps. 1. Click any cell inside the Sum of Amount column. 2. Right click and click on Value Field Settings. 3. Choose the type of calculation you want to use. For example, click Count. 4. Click OK. Result. 16 out of the 28 orders to France were 'Apple' orders.

Color Scales

Color Scales in Excel make it very easy to visualize values in a range of cells. The shade of the color represents the value in the cell. Open Color Scales Exercise.xlsx. To add a color scale, execute the following steps. 1. Select a range. 2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting. 3. Click Color Scales and click a subtype. Explanation: by default, for 3-Color scales, Excel calculates the 50th percentile (also known as median, middle value or midpoint). The cell that holds the minimum value (9) is colored red. The cell that holds the median (36) is colored yellow, and the cell that holds the maximum value (80) is colored green. All other cells are colored proportionally. Read on to further customize this color scale. 4. Select the range A1:A7. 5. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting, Manage Rules. 6. Click Edit rule. Excel launches the Edit Formatting Rule dialog box. Here you can further customize your color scale (Format Style, Minimum, Midpoint and Maximum, Color, etc). Note: to directly launch this dialog box for new rules, at step 3, click More Rules. 7. Select 2-Color Scale from the Format Style drop-down list and select white and blue. 8. Click OK twice.

Data Bars

Data bars in Excel make it very easy to visualize values in a range of cells. A longer bar represents a higher value. Open Data Bars Exercise.xlsx. To add data bars, execute the following steps. 1. Select a range. 2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting. 3. Click Data Bars and click a subtype. Result: Explanation: by default, the cell that holds the minimum value (0 if there are no negative values) has no data bar and the cell that holds the maximum value (95) has a data bar that fills the entire cell. All other cells are filled proportionally. 4. Change the values. Result. Excel updates the data bars automatically. Read on to further customize these data bars. 5. Select the range A1:A10. 6. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting, Manage Rules. 7. Click Edit rule. Excel launches the Edit Formatting Rule dialog box. Here you can further customize your data bars (Show Bar Only, Minimum and Maximum, Bar Appearance, Negative Value and Axis, Bar Direction, etc). Note: to directly launch this dialog box for new rules, at step 3, click More Rules. 8. Select Number from the Minimum drop-down list and enter the value 100. Select Number from the Maximum drop-down list and enter the value 150. 9. Click OK twice Explanation: the cell that holds the value 100 (if any) has no data bar and the cell that holds the value 150 (if any) has a data bar that fills the entire cell. All other cells are filled proportionally

Change the Playing Order of your Animation Effects

If your animation effects in PowerPoint aren't playing in the sequence that you want, you can rearrange the order. Here's how: Change the playing order in a desktop version of PowerPoint 1. Click the object on your slide with the animation effects that you want to reorder. 2. On the Animations tab, click Animation Pane. (In PowerPoint for Mac 2011, on the Animations tab, click Reorder.) 3. In the Animation Pane, click and hold the animation effect you want to move, and drag it up or down to a new position. In the picture below, we're moving the 1st animation effect down below the 3rd one. Tip: A horizontal indicator line appears when you reach the new position. 4. Release the mouse button to finalize the move. The picture below shows the 1st animation effect is now in position 3.

Set the Start Time and Speed of an Animation Effect

In PowerPoint, you can control when an animation effect starts and the speed at which it happens. You can even repeat or rewind the effect to get just the right look and feel for your presentation. This article will show you a few ways to fine-tune the animations in your presentations. Set the start time You can set an animation effect to start when you click the mouse, or in coordination with other animation effects on the slide. 1. On the slide, click the text or object that contains the animation effect that you want to set the start timing for. 2. On the Animations tab, click the Start down arrow, and pick one of the following: To start the animation when you click the slide, select On Click. To start the animation at the same time as the previous effect in the list (where one click executes multiple animation effects), select With Previous. To start the animation effect immediately after the previous effect in the list finishes, select After Previous.

Apply Sound Effects to Animated Text and Objects

To add sound to animated text or an object, do the following: 1. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. The Animation Pane opens on the side of the workspace pane, showing the order, type, and duration of animation effects applied to text or objects on a slide. 2. Locate the effect to which you want to add sound, click the down arrow, and then click Effect Options. Note: The Effect Options dialog box displays different options, according to the type of animation selected. 3. On the Effect tab, under Enhancements, in the Sound box, click the arrow to open the list and then do one of the following: Click a sound from the list, and then click OK. To add a sound from a file, click Other Sound from the list, locate the sound file that you want to use, and then click Open. 4. When you click OK or Open, the slide plays a preview of the animation with the sound added. To change the preview sound volume, click Sound and move the slider up or down. To turn off the preview sound, select the Mute check box. 5. Repeat for each bullet of text to which you want to add a sound effect. 6. To preview all the animation and sound applied to a slide, in the Animation Pane, click Play From.

Top/Bottom Rules

To highlight cells that are above average, execute the following steps. 1. Select the range A1:A10. 2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Conditional Formatting. 3. Click Top/Bottom Rules, Above Average. 4. Select a formatting style. 5. Click OK. Result. Excel calculates the average (42.5) and formats the cells that are above this average. Note: you can also use this category (see step 3) to highlight the top n items, the top n percent, the bottom n items, the bottom n percent or cells that are below average.

Insert a Table

To insert a table, execute the following steps. 1. Click any single cell inside the data set. 2. On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click Table. 3. Excel automatically selects the data for you. Check 'My table has headers' and click on OK Result. Excel creates a nicely formatted table for you. This may still seem like a normal data range to you but many powerful features are now just a click of a button away

Legend Position

To move the legend to the right side of the chart, execute the following steps. 1. Select the chart. 2. Click the + button on the right side of the chart, click the arrow next to Legend and click Right.

Set the Speed

To run your animation effect at a faster or slower pace, change the Duration setting. On the slide, click the text or object that contains the animation effect that you want to set the speed for. On the Animations tab, in the Duration box, enter the number of seconds that you want the effect to run. Tip: Smaller numbers mean the effect will run faster and will finish sooner, and larger numbers means the effect will run slower and take longer to finish.

Multiple Columns

To sort on multiple columns, execute the following steps. 1. On the Data tab, in the Sort & Filter group, click Sort. The Sort dialog box appears. 2. Select Last Name from the 'Sort by' drop-down list. 3. Click on Add Level. 4. Select Sales from the 'Then by' drop-down list. 5. Click OK. Result. Records are sorted by Last Name first and Sales second.

Trigger an animation to begin during a video or audio clip

To trigger an animation effect to play during a video or audio clip, you must first insert a bookmark at the desired point in the clip. 1. Add a bookmark to your video or audio clip for where you want to trigger an animation effect to begin. 2. Go to Animations > Advanced Animation > Animation Pane. 3. In the Animation Pane, select the animation effect that you want to begin at a certain point during the audio or video clip. 4. In the Advanced Animation group, click Trigger, point to On Bookmark, and select the bookmark that you want to trigger the animation to begin. You can add bookmarks to indicate points of interest in a video or audio clip. Bookmarks can be used to trigger animations or to mark a specific location to jump to in a video. Bookmarks can also be helpful while you deliver a presentation, when you need to find specific points in a video or audio clip quickly. Here is an example of a bookmark that shows where to trim the beginning of a video clip

Set the Start Time and Length of an Animation Effect

When you want to control the timing of your animation effects, do the following for each animation effect: 1. In the Animation Pane, click the down arrow next to the animation effect, and then click Timing 2. On the Timing tab, click the Start down arrow, and choose from the following start times: 3. To play when you click the mouse, pick On Click. 4. To play at the same time as the previous animation effect, pick With Previous 5. To play after the previous animation effect plays, pick After Previous. Tip: The previous animation effect is the one listed in the playing order in the Animation Pane (usually located just above the animation you are setting the timing for). 1. To delay the animation effect from starting, click the Delay up arrow to the number of seconds you want. 2. To change the speed of the animation effect, set the Duration to the level you want. 3. To watch how the animation effects, work together, click Preview on the Animation tab

Tip for Working with Multiple Animation Effects

When you work with multiple objects on a slide, it can be difficult to differentiate each object and their applied animation effects from one another. In the picture, below, the default object names don't provide much of a description so it's hard to tell which object has what animation effect applied to it. In the Selection Pane, you can give each object a distinct name to make it easier to work with them when you are applying animations to each. See below: 1. To change the default names of the objects, on the Home tab, click Select, and then click Selection Pane 2. In the Selection Pane, double-click the default object name to open the box, and type a new name for the object.