EMS CH 37 HOMEWORK 78 TERMS

Which of the following is needed for effective response to an​ MCI?

Requesting and managing necessary resources Requesting and properly managing adequate resources are required for efficient response to an MCI.

What are the three criteria for assessing patients during​ triage?

Respiration, pulse, and mental status Three functions are checked to assign patients to triage​ categories, represented by the mnemonic​ RPM: respiration,​ pulse, and mental status.

Where is the safest zone to provide medical care of a patient who has been covered with a hazardous​ material?

. In the cold zone after the patient has been decontaminated The hot zone is the location of the​ danger, the warm zone is where the decontamination corridor is​ located, and the cold zone is a safe location for treatment of patients who have been decontaminated.

Which of the following statements regarding a disaster plan is​ FALSE?

A disaster plan should be written to address any conceivable incident. A disaster plan should be written to address the events that are conceivable for a particular location​ (e.g., Kansas needs to plan for​ tornadoes, not​ hurricane

Which of the following settings should MOST make the EMT consider the likelihood of a hazardous materials​ incident?

A warehouse Of the choices​ listed, a warehouse is the setting most likely to present the possibility of a hazardous materials incident.

Which of the following must be assessed on a hazmat team member before he or she enters the hot​ zone?

Baseline vitals Vitals must be taken before and after a team member suits up and works in the hot zone.

Which of the following findings would result in a patient at an MCI being categorized as yellow in START​ triage?

Breathing​ <30 times per​ minute, radial pulse​ present, alert To be placed in the yellow category in START​ triage, a patient must not have been able to move with the walking wounded but must be breathing less than 30 times per​ minute, have a radial pulse or capillary refill less than 2​ seconds,and be alert.

Which of the following is considered a valuable informational resource in dealing with hazardous materials​ incidents?

CHEMTREC CHEMTREC is a​ 24-hour hotline operated by the American Chemistry Council

Which of the following BEST describes secondary​ triage?

Checking the same criteria as in primary triage after the patient reaches the triage area to determine whether a​ patient'spriority should be upgraded or downgraded Secondary triage refers to the process of reassessing findings from primary triage to reclassify the patient if necessary.

Flammable​ solids, substances that are dangerous when​ wet, and spontaneously combustible materials​ are:

Class 4 materials. In the hazard classification​ system, Class 4 materials include flammable​ solids, spontaneously combustible​ materials, and materials that are dangerous when wet.

In which of the following areas at a hazmat incident are normal​ triage, stabilization, and treatment​ performed?

Cold zone The cold zone is the area at a hazmat incident that is adjacent to the warm zone and is where normal treatment is performed.

While other patients are waiting for​ triage, what is an appropriate treatment measure that can be performed during the ongoing triage​ process?

Controlling severe bleeding In​ general, treatment is not performed during triage.​ However, immediate control of severe bleeding can keep a patient who is otherwise salvageable from​ deteriorating, which would then require additional resources.

No minimum training hours are required for which level of​ training?

First Responder Awareness Most EMTs are required to be trained to the First Responder Awareness​ level, which has no minimum required training hours. Rescuers at this level are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release. They are trained only to recognize the problem and initiate a response from the proper organizations.

Which level of training is required for hazardous materials responders who are first on the scene to protect​ people, property, and the​ environment?

First Responder Operations The First Responder Operations level of training is required for those who respond initially to hazardous materials incidents to protect​ life, property, and the environment.

To command activities at a hazardous materials incident​ site, the minimum level of training necessary​ is:

Hazardous Materials Specialist. A Hazardous Materials Specialist is expected to have advanced knowledge and skills and to command and support activities at the incident site.

It is characteristic of a disaster plan to be all of the following EXCEPT which​ one?

Impractical A disaster plan is designed to be​ achievable, and it is based on the actual availability of​ resources, not the​ best-casescenario in which resources are abundant or unlimited.

If an EMS unit is the first to respond to a​ multiple-casualty incident, which role does the most senior EMT​ assume?

Incident commander The most senior​ first-arriving EMT assumes incident command until additional resources​arrive, at which time command is transferred to the most appropriate leader to manage the situation.

The characteristics of a rehab area include all of the following EXCEPT which​ one?

Large enough to accommodate a single crew A rehab center must be large enough to accommodate multiple crews.

What should responders do with any clothing that is worn in the warm or hot zones of a hazardous​ incident?

Leave it at the scene. All clothing and equipment that is worn or used in the warm or hot zones must be left at the scene for proper​ clean-up or disposal.

If your crew is the first to arrive on the scene of a major​ MCI, what will be a major aspect of your scene​ size-up?

Make a sweep to determine what needs must be met. Do a quick walk through the scene​ (or if it is a hazmat​ scene, observe from a safe​ distance) and assess the number of​patients, hazards, and degree of entrapment. Identify the number of​ patients, including the​ "walking wounded," apparent priority of​ care, need for​ extrication, number of ambulances​ needed, other factors affecting the scene and corresponding resources needed to address​ them, and areas where resources can be staged.

Which of the following BEST describes the patients who are assigned to the green category in​ triage?

Minor The green category is used for patients with minor​ injuries, often referred to as​ "the walking​ wounded."

Which warning placard is​ diamond-shaped and divided into four smaller​ diamonds?

NFPA 704 System A commonly used placarding system is the National Fire Protection Association​ (NFPA) 704 System. It uses numerical and color coding to show the type and degree of health​ hazard, fire​ hazard, reactivity, and specific hazard contained within a fixed facility. The placard uses a diamond shape divided into four smaller diamonds for the different types and degrees of hazards.

Which of the following is LEAST likely an effect of a hazardous​ material?

Scalds if heated too high Water scalds if heated too high and is not a hazardous material. The other effects are​ self-produced by the materials themselves and are the effects of certain hazardous materials.

Which of the following must be done before leaving the warm zone and entering the cold zone at a hazmat​ incident?

Shed all contaminated clothing. Before entering the cold zone at a hazmat​ incident, the rescue team that was in the hot zone must be decontaminated and shed all their contaminated clothing.

What does the triage mnemonic START stand​ for?

Simple triage and rapid treatment The mnemonic START stands for​ "simple triage and rapid​ treatment.

You have been assigned to the transport unit at an MCI. In what area will you wait while awaiting your assigned​ patient?

Staging Ambulances wait in the staging area until requested for patient transport.

You are START triaging a child who is not breathing. When you have opened the​ airway, the child does not begin breathing. Which of the following is the CORRECT next​ step?

Tag the child as​ "black" and move on. In START​ triage, a patient is categorized as​ "black" if, after opening the​ airway, you discover that there is no pulse.

During START​ triage, you encounter an adult patient who is not breathing. Which of the following actions is the NEXT step you should​ take?

Open the airway and reassess breathing. In START​ triage, open the airway of a patient who is not breathing. If the patient begins breathing and can maintain his or her​ airway, categorize the patient as red. If he or she does not begin​ breathing, categorize the patient as black.

Which of the following would place a patient as a priority 1 or red during START​ triage?

Respirations​ >30 per​ minute, absent radial​ pulse, and altered mental status over​ 30, absent radial​ pulse, and altered mental status are criteria for category 1 or red.

Which of the following is a reference that provides the names of chemicals and concise but thorough descriptions of the actions that should be taken in case of a hazmat​ emergency?

The Emergency Response Guidebook The North American Emergency Response Guidebook​ (ERG) is a resource that provides the names of chemicals and concise but thorough descriptions of the actions that should be taken in case of a hazmat emergency.

Which of the following is the BEST choice for triage​ supervisor?

The most knowledgeable EMS provider The most knowledgeable EMS provider is the best choice for triage supervisor.

Which of the following must be identified in hazardous materials shipping​ papers?

The origin of the shipment The exact name of the​ substance, the quantity of the​ substance, its​ origin, and its destination are required information on shipping papers.

Who is responsible for overseeing ambulances and ambulance personnel at an​ MCI?

The staging supervisor The staging supervisor is responsible for overseeing ambulance operations at an MCI.

During triage of a​ six-year-old patient, you discover that she is​ awake, breathing 28 times per​ minute, has a palpable​pulse, and responds to verbal stimuli. The patient is NOT ambulatory. What is the CORRECT triage category for this​patient?

Yellow The​ patient's vitals and LOC along with the​ patient's non-ambulatory status make her a category yellow.

Which of the following statements about primary triage when resources are limited is​ TRUE?

You should open a​ patient's airway and control severe bleeding.

To be classified as​ "walking wounded" in primary​ triage, a​ patient:

must have only minor musculoskeletal or​ soft-tissue injuries. To be classified as​ "walking wounded" in primary​ triage, a patient must have only minor musculoskeletal or​ soft-tissue injuries.

Priority 3 patients are also known​ as:

walking wounded. Priority 3 patients are the​ "walking wounded."

A decontamination corridor would be established in​ the:

warm zone. Establish a decontamination corridor​ (area where patients will be​ decontaminated) in the warm​ zone, an area immediately adjacent to the hot zone.

Which of the following is a​ 24-hour resource operated by the American Chemistry​ Council?

​CHEMTREC CHEMTREC, a​ 24-hour hotline for hazardous materials​ resources, is a service of the American Chemistry Council. They can provide your dispatcher or you with information about a hazardous material through a​ twenty-four-hour toll-free telephone number for the United States and Canada.

Which of the following statements BEST describes primary​ triage?

An initial determination of each​ patient's priority for treatment and transport The purpose of primary triage is to determine each​ patient's priority for treatment and transport.

Which of the following tasks must be accomplished before a patient can leave the warm​ zone?

Decontamination Patients must be completely decontaminated before entering the cold zone in order to avoid secondary contamination of​responders, equipment,​ ambulances, and other personnel.

Which of the following should immediately increase your suspicion of a hazardous materials​ incident?

Emergency site at a factory Hazardous material incidents are especially likely to take place at​ factories; along​ railroads; and on​ local, state, and federal highways.

You are assigned to the triage unit at an​ MCI, and you are going from patient to​ patient, assigning triage categories. Which of the following interventions is acceptable in this phase of the​process?

Opening the airway You must rapidly assess each remaining​ patient, stopping only to secure an airway or stop profuse bleeding. It is important that you not develop​ "tunnel ​vision"long dash spending time rendering additional care to any one patient and thus failing to identify and correct​ life-threatening conditions of the remaining patients.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the treatment that is acceptable during triage in​ MCIs?

Opening the airway and controlling severe bleeding You must rapidly assess each remaining​ patient, stopping only to secure an airway or stop profuse bleeding. It is important that you not develop​ "tunnel​vision"long dash spending time rendering additional care to any one patient and thus failing to identify and correct​life-threateningconditions of the remaining patients

Which of the following is the BEST description of a safety data sheet​ (SDS)?

Papers kept on site with hazardous chemicals A safety data sheet​ (SDS) is kept on file at the site where there are hazardous chemicals. These sheets must be maintained at the work site by the employer and available to all employees on the​ grounds, because employees working with hazardous materials have a right to know about them. If you can safely obtain these​ sheets, they generally name the​substance, its physical​ properties, fire and explosion hazard​ information, health hazard​ information, and emergency​ first-aid treatment.

Which statement BEST describes the use of the​ "black" category in START​ triage?

Patients who are deceased or who are expected to die because they cannot maintain their airway or breathing The​ "black" category is for deceased or​ "expectant" patients.

Which of the following statements BEST explains the difference between primary triage and secondary​ triage?

Patients' conditions may stabilize or deteriorate after primary triage has assigned them a priority based on their​ condition,requiring reassignment of priority for treatment and transport in secondary triage. Secondary triage is performed after primary triage to detect any changes in the​ patients' priority for transport.

Which of the following is a basic principle of disaster preparedness​ planning?

Prepare a plan that is​ specific, practical, and​ well-understood. Preparing a plan that is​ specific, practical, and​ well-understood is a basic principle of disaster preparedness. The plan must be focused on events conceivable for the​ area, realistic,​ well-publicized, and rehearsed.

At an​ MCI, which of the following is performed when the EMT FIRST encounters an injured​ patient?

Primary triage The first process that is performed when an EMT encounters a patient at an MCI is primary triage.

Which of the following statements about decisions made by the transportation unit at an MCI is​ TRUE?

Priority 1 patients should be transported​ first, immediately after treatment. Once patients have been properly assessed and​ triaged, and once treatment for the patients has been initiated according to their​ priority, consideration must be given to the order in which the patients will be transported to a hospital. This is done according to triage priority.

Which of the following has the HIGHEST priority at a hazardous materials​ incident?

Protecting the safety of all rescuers and patients The highest priority concerning hazardous materials is given to protecting the safety of all rescuers and patients.

In addition to toxicity and​ flammability, which of the following is among the harmful properties of hazardous​ materials?

Reactivity The three principle ways in which hazardous materials are dangerous are through their​ toxicity, flammability, and reactivity.

Which of the following hazards is represented by the yellow area on an NFPA​ placard?

Reactivity The yellow area of an NFPA placard represents reactivity hazards.

The highest priority for treatment and transport at an MCI are patients who are triaged to which of the following​ categories?

Red Patients who are categorized as red are those with the most immediately​ life-threatening injuries. They are the highest priority for treatment and transport.

A patient at an MCI is unresponsive but breathing 24 times per minutes with a strong radial pulse. To what triage category should the patient be​ assigned?

Red This patient meets criteria for the red category because he cannot follow commands.

Which of the following statements regarding a​ small-scale MCI that expands into a​ large-scale MCI is MOST​ accurate?

There will be more variables for the responding EMTs to consider over a longer timeframe. Though the principles of managing​ small- and​ large-scale MCIs are generally the​ same, large-scale MCIs unfold over a longer period of time and require greater support from outside agencies.​ Well-trained and practiced EMTs can usually cope with a​ small-scale MCI pretty well.​ However, experience has shown that even the​ best-trained EMTs have a difficult time managing an incident of greater magnitude.

Which of the following BEST describes the roles of Hazardous Materials​ Specialists?

They provide command and support activities at the site of a hazardous materials incident. Hazardous Materials Specialists have advanced knowledge and skills and provide command and support at the site of hazardous materials incidents

Which of the following BEST describes the use of secondary​ triage?

To reevaluate the treatment priorities designated during primary triage The purpose of secondary triage is to reevaluate the decisions that were made in the primary triage process.

Which of the following statements BEST describes primary​ triage?

To reevaluate the treatment priorities designated during primary triage The purpose of secondary triage is to reevaluate the decisions that were made in the primary triage process.

Which of the following words BEST describes the attitude EMTs should have when responding to an​ MCI?

Vigilant It is important for the responder to be vigilant for unhealthy behaviors brought about by stressful events.

only those individuals who are directly subordinate to Command.

You should open a​ patient's airway and control severe bleeding. During primary​ triage, you must rapidly assess each remaining​ patient, stopping only to secure an airway or stop profuse bleeding. It is important that you not develop​ "tunnel ​vision"long dash spending time rendering additional care to any one patient and thus failing to identify and correct​ life-threatening conditions of the remaining patients.

Surge capacity refers​ to:

a measurable representation of ability to manage a sudden influx of patients. Surge capacity is a measurable representation of ability to manage a sudden influx of patients. It is dependent on a​ well-functioning incident management system and the variables of​ space, supplies,​ staff, and any special considerations​(contaminated or contagious​ patients, for​ example).

Hazardous material​ is:

any material that poses an unreasonable risk to​ life, health, or property. A hazardous material is any substance or material in a form that poses an unreasonable risk to​health, safety, and property when transported in commerce or kept in storage at a​ warehouse,port,​ depot, or railroad facility.

A​ multiple-casualty incident​ is:

any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients. A​ multiple-casualty incident is any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients.

You respond to a call for multiple medical patients who all passed out at the same time while working at a chemical processing plant. You strongly suspect a hazmat incident. Keeping your distance from the scene of the​ incident, you​ must:

attempt to identify the hazardous material and assess the severity of the situation. You must make an attempt to identify the hazardous material and assess the severity of the situation. Until that is​ done, it will be difficult to determine the risk to the​ public, rescuers,​patients, and the environment. You must try to find out what the substance is and what its properties and dangers might​ be; whether or not there is imminent danger of the contamination​ spreading; what you can​ hear, see, and​ smell; how many patients are​ involved;and if there is any danger of secondary contamination from the patients.

EMS providers who become emotionally incapacitated during an MCI should​ be:

treated as patients. EMS workers who become emotionally incapacitated should be treated as patients.

Identification of chemical hazards starts​ with:

awareness and knowledge of what exists in the community. Identification of chemical hazards starts with awareness and knowledge of what exists in the community. Spend some time with local police and fire​ agencies, and learn about or develop​pre-incident plans for common hazardous materials. Local emergency management agencies often have joint hazardous material training sessions and exercises. Take time to participate in these types of sessions and learn how to work with other public safety providers.

Psychological first aid​ involves:

caring, honest engagement with patients in emotional distress. Psychological first aid involves​ caring, honest engagement with patients in emotional distress.

Division 1.6 of the hazard classification system​ identifies:

extremely insensitive detonating articles. Class 1 of the hazard classification system is explosives. Division 1.6 is extremely insensitive detonating articles.

A substance is LEAST likely to be a hazardous material if​ it:

forms part of a daily diet. No material that could be part of a daily diet could be a hazardous material. The other effects are hazards produced by various hazardous materials.

​First-cut primary triage​ involves:

identifying the walking wounded. The first triage cut can be done rapidly by using a​ bullhorn, PA​ system, or loud voice to direct all patients capable of walking​ (Priority 3) to move to a particular area. This has a​ two-foldpurpose. It quickly identifies the individuals who have an airway and​ circulation, and it physically separates them from patients who will generally need more care.

Emotionally incapacitated​ EMTs:

may not return to duty even after they have rested. EMTs who become emotionally incapacitated should be treated as patients and removed to an area where they can rest without viewing the scene. These patients must be monitored by an EMS provider until a clinically competent provider can take over. These EMTs should not be allowed to return to duty. They should be evaluated by a trained medical professional who can properly assess psychological health.

Ideally on the scene of an​ MCI, those who directly communicate with Command should​ be:

only those individuals who are directly subordinate to Command. The flow of communications at the scene of a​ large-scale MCI should correspond to the organizational chart being used.​ Accordingly, the only unit talking to the communications center and requesting resources is Command. The only ones who talk to Command are those directly subordinate to Command. All others talk to only the officer or supervisor they are assigned to. These mandates should be addressed in your standard operating guidelines.

The plan for a​ large-scale MCI:

should be a logical extension of the plan for a​ small-scale MCI. For any MCI plan to be​ effective, it must be flexible and expandable enough to be used from small​ three-patient incidents to​ large-scale incidents of fifteen or more patients. In other​ words, the plan for​ "the big​ one" should be a logical extension of the same plan used to manage smaller incidents.

If arriving units are not needed right​ away, they should wait in​ the:

staging area. Arriving units should wait in the staging area until they are needed.

A​ large-scale MCI creates a situation​ that:

tests the capabilities of even the​ best-trained EMTs. Though the principles of managing​ small- and​ large-scale MCIs are generally the​ same, large-scale MCIs unfold over a longer period of time and require greater support from outside agencies.​ Well-trained and practiced EMTs can usually cope with a​ small-scale MCI pretty well.​ However, experience has shown that even the​ best-trained EMTs have a difficult time managing an incident of greater magnitude.

To identify the exact substance an overturned chemical truck was​ carrying, the EMT would​ consult:

the bill of lading. Check​ invoices, bills of lading​ (trucks), and shipping manifests​ (trains). If you can safely obtain​ them, these documents will identify the exact substance being​ transported, the exact​ quantity, its place of​ origin, and its destination.

The person responsible for communicating with sector officers and hospitals to manage transportation of patients to hospitals from a​ multiple-casualty incident is​ the:

transportation supervisor. The transportation supervisor is the person responsible for communicating with sector officers and hospitals to manage transportation of patients to hospitals from a​ multiple-casualty incident.