EMT Ch 19 Chapter Test
Which of the following signs of inadequate breathing is more prominent in children than in adults?
All of the above (Grunting respirations, Nasal flaring, Seesawing of the chest and abdomen)
Your patient is a 30-year-old female who may have overdosed on antidepressant medications. On your arrival, she is lying supine on her bed with her head on a pillow. She is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is snoring. She appears to be pale and her skin is cool and clammy. What should you do first?
Remove the patient's pillow.
Which of the following is the most proper dose of inhaled medication the EMT can assist the patient with administering?
The number of sprays directed by medical control
While assessing the airway of a pediatric patient, you will notice that it is different than that of an adult. Which of the following is one of those differences?
The trachea is smaller, softer, and more flexible, allowing it to be more easily obstructed.
Which of the following is a possible side effect of a prescribed inhaler for respiratory problems?
Tremors
Which of the following respiratory rates should be cause for alarm in a 2-month-old child?
16 breaths/min
When ventilating a child with inadequate respirations, which of the following is the maximum rate at which artificial respirations should be delivered?
20 per minute
While caring for a 3-year-old child, you should be concerned if his respiratory rate exceeds ________ breaths per minute.
30
Which of the following respiratory rates is considered an abnormal respiratory rate for an adult?
8 breaths/min
Which of the following may be seen just prior to respiratory arrest?
Agonal respirations
Your patient is a 15-year-old male with a history of multiple prior hospitalizations for asthma. Upon your arrival, the patient responds only to painful stimuli and is making very weak respiratory effort. Which of the following should you do next?
Assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device and supplemental oxygen
Which of the following inhalers would not be used to reverse an asthma attack?
Beclomethasone
Your patient is a 24-year-old woman with asthma who is struggling to breathe and is very agitated. She has cyanosis of her lips and nail beds, and is cool and clammy to the touch. When you attempt to assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask device, she becomes combative and repeatedly pushes the mask away from her face. Which of the following is the best option?
Begin transport immediately and contact medical control for advice.
Which of the following best defines inadequate breathing?
Breathing that is insufficient to sustain life
A(n) ________ device works by blowing oxygen or air continuously at a noninvasive pressure to prevent a patient's alveoli from collapsing.
CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
You are on the scene of a 5-year-old patient who is in respiratory distress. The mother states that the patient has been making a "seal bark"-sounding cough for the past 24 hours. The child is very scared. The patient has stable vital signs. He is leaning forward in the tripod position and is drooling profusely. After performing your primary assessment, what is your best treatment option?
Calm the child as much as possible and provide high-concentration oxygen.
Which of the following is the primary cause of COPD?
Cigarette smoking
Which of the following does not occur during inspiration?
Diaphragm relaxes.
What is the primary effect on the body when an EMT assists a patient with a prescribed inhaler if the patient is short of breath?
Dilation of the air passages
You are on the scene of a 3-year-old patient who is in respiratory distress. The mother states that the patient has been making a harsh, high-pitched, barking cough for the past 24 hours. The child is very scared and upset. He is crying inconsolably. The patient has tachypnea, but his vital signs are normal otherwise. He is leaning forward in the tripod position and is drooling profusely. What condition do you suspect?
Epiglottitis
Your patient is a 6-year-old male who appears very anxious, is using increased effort during expiration, and has a fever. He is wheezing and has a respiratory rate of 34. The patient's skin is very warm and dry. He does not have any cyanosis. The child is drooling and his mother states that he complained of a sore throat and pain on swallowing earlier in the afternoon. Which of the following conditions is most likely causing the patient's distress?
Epiglottitis
Which of the following is proper when assisting a patient with the use of a prescribed inhaler?
Have the patient hold the inhaled medication in his lungs as long as possible.
What is the best way to determine that you are getting adequate ventilation with a bag-valve mask?
Look for chest rise and fall.
In which of the following circumstances is medical direction necessary when assisting a patient with the use of a prescribed inhaler?
Medical control is necessary in all situations in which an EMT assists with a prescribed inhaler.
Contraindications for the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can include which of the following?
Nausea and vomiting
Your patient is a 60-year-old female with a sudden onset of severe difficulty breathing. She has no prior history of respiratory problems. Which of the following should be done before applying oxygen by nonrebreather mask?
None of the above (Obtain a history of the present illness, Listen to the patient's breath sounds, Check the patient's oxygen saturation level)
Which of the following patients with difficulty breathing should not receive supplemental oxygen?
None of these patients should have oxygen withheld. (An infant whose eyes may be damaged by excessive oxygen administration, A patient whose oxygen saturation level is 100% on room air, A patient with a chronic lung disease who may have a hypoxic drive)
You are ventilating a 6-year-old child and note that his heart rate has decreased from 70 to 54. Which of the following is not appropriate?
Notify medical control that the patient's condition has improved.
Which of the following patients does not necessarily have inadequate breathing?
Patient with an irregular respiratory rhythm
You are first on the scene of a 61-year-old female in need of assistance with her respirations. You have a pocket mask with supplemental oxygen. How can you determine that your artificial ventilation is effective?
Patient's pulse returns to normal.
What condition is when there is an infection in one or both lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi?
Pneumonia
You are called to the scene of a 45-year-old nonsmoker male with a history of asthma in respiratory distress. You find him lying supine on the couch. The patient is lethargic but can answer all your questions appropriately. He is diaphoretic, and complains of being cold, coughing, and having difficulty breathing for the past 3 days. His vital signs are blood pressure of 110/70, heart rate of 116, respiratory rate of 24, oxygen saturation of 93%, and temperature of 100.6°F. You hear rhonchi in the left lobes and he is coughing up yellow-tinged sputum. What condition do you suspect?
Pneumonia
In what condition does fluid accumulate in the lungs, preventing them from breathing adequately?
Pulmonary edema
Which of the following is a sign of adequate artificial ventilations in a pediatric patient?
Pulse rate increases.
When the lung collapses without injury or any other obvious cause, it is called which of the following?
Spontaneous pneumothorax
What is not one of the symptoms of a pulmonary embolus?
Sudden calmness
Which of the following statements concerning expiration is true?
The diaphragm moves upward.
When you hear wheezes while auscultating your patient's breath sounds, which of the following is most likely the cause?
The lower air passages in the lungs are narrowed.
Which of the following is a benefit of using small-volume nebulizers for the treatment of respiratory problems?
They allow greater exposure of the patient's lungs to the medication.
Which of the following sounds is high pitched and almost musical, and may be heard in lower respiratory obstruction?
Wheezing
When should the EMT most likely expect to hear wheezes in a patient complaining of shortness of breath secondary to an asthma attack?
While breathing out
Today, patients with cystic fibrosis are surviving to:
adulthood.
A patient who has shallow, slow, irregular, gasping breaths is said to have ________ respirations.
agonal
