EMT Ch 27 & 28
Which statement is TRUE about dressings? A. A dressing covers an open wound to control bleeding and prevent contamination. A bandage often holds dressings in place. B. A dressing is applied over a bandage to secure the bandage in place. C. Aluminum foil makes an excellent occlusive dressing, especially for eviscerations. D. Both the dressing and the bandage should be sterile to prevent contamination.
A. A dressing covers an open wound to control bleeding and prevent contamination. A bandage often holds dressings in place.
A 24-year-old female was an unrestrained driver of a car that struck a guardrail, causing her to sustain blunt trauma to the chest and abdomen. Vital signs obtained by Emergency Medical Responders are pulse 120 beats/min, respirations 22 breaths/min, blood pressure 100/78 mmHg, and SpO2 96%. As you transport her to the hospital, which finding indicates that the patient is deteriorating? A. Blood pressure 86/50 mmHg B. Restless and confused mental status C. Blood coming from an abdominal laceration D. Heart rate of 124 beats/min
A. Blood pressure 86/50 mmHg
Which sign or symptom of shock will be observed last? A. Decreased blood pressure B. Tachycardia C. Increased respirations D. Pale and diaphoretic skin
A. Decreased blood pressure
What is one of the general principles of dressing and bandaging? A. Do not bandage a dressing in place until bleeding has stopped. B. Cover as small an area as possible in bandaging a wound on an extremity. C. Dressings and bandages should be sterile. D. Pressure bandages should be tight enough that a distal pulse cannot be felt.
A. Do not bandage a dressing in place until bleeding has stopped.
Which of these is a late sign of shock? A. Hypotension B. Weak, thready pulse C. Tachycardia D. Altered mental status
A. Hypotension
What type of energy is stored in a moving body? A. Kinetic B. Inertia C. Acceleration D. Velocity
A. Kinetic
A pregnant 31-year-old female has been shot in the neck during a domestic dispute. Currently, she is responsive to verbal stimuli, with an open airway and rapid, but adequate respirations. Her radial pulse is weak and fast. Vital signs are as follows: pulse 152 beats/min, respirations 22 breaths/min, blood pressure 92/76 mmHg, and SpO2 100% on high-concentration oxygen as initiated by the fire department EMRs. Which other intervention by the EMT will most benefit this patient? A. Place an occlusive dressing on the neck and keep the patient warm during transport B. Wait on scene for an ALS paramedic with an ETA of 10 minutes C. Apply the pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG) D. Apply a bulky dressing to the neck and transport the patient in a semi-Fowler's position
A. Place an occlusive dressing on the neck and keep the patient warm during transport
Severe external bleeding should be controlled during which phase of the patient assessment? A. Primary assessment B. Secondary assessment C. Reassessment D. Scene size-up
A. Primary assessment
Which observations would cause the EMT to classify a patient's soft tissue injury as an abrasion? A. Skin is scraped and red; blood is oozing from the injury site B. Intact skin with ecchymosis noted; patient reports minor pain C. Irregular break in the skin; bleeding is moderate but controllable D. Intact skin with large accumulation of dark blood underneath
A. Skin is scraped and red; blood is oozing from the injury site
A patient has been critically hurt in a nighttime motor vehicle collision. She was wearing a seat belt and hit a tree at 70 mph. The car she was driving weighed 2 tons and was equipped with air bags that did deploy. Which factor had the greatest impact on the injuries she sustained? A. Speed of the vehicle at impact B. Nighttime conditions C. Deployment of air bags D. Weight of the vehicle
A. Speed of the vehicle at impact
A 49-year-old male has been stabbed in the lower right chest. Police tell you that the patient got into an argument with an unidentified man, who then stabbed him before fleeing the scene. After assessing the patient, you are suspicious that the knife punctured the lung and is causing internal bleeding. In this situation, the mechanism of injury would be: A. Stab wound to the right chest B. Internal hemorrhage C. Assailant with a knife D. Penetrating trauma to the lungs
A. Stab wound to the right chest
You are assessing a male patient who was stabbed three times in the chest and abdomen. As you begin your primary assessment, you note the patient to have a decreased level of consciousness and gurgling respirations. Your next action would be to: A. Suction the airway B. Check his pulse C. Apply a cervical collar D. Obtain an SpO2 reading
A. Suction the airway
Assessment of a patient involved in a motor vehicle accident reveals him to have crepitus to the left humerus, instability to the left lateral chest wall and flank, and pain on palpation to left hip region. The patient also complains of pain to the right side of the neck. Based on this injury pattern, the EMT would recognize the patient was: A. The driver of a car hit on the driver's side B. The passenger in a car hit from behind C. An unrestrained driver involved in a head-on collision D.
A. The driver of a car hit on the driver's side
Which statement best characterizes the capabilities of a Level III trauma center? A. The hospital has some surgical capabilities to help trauma patients but will generally stabilize and them and still arrange transfer. B. The hospital will provide any emergency surgical services to a trauma patient and then transfer the patient once stable. C. The hospital can manage all trauma patients and injuries, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. D. The hospital can handle most trauma patients but will transfer those who require specialty care for specific injuries such as neurologic trauma.
A. The hospital has some surgical capabilities to help trauma patients but will generally stabilize and them and still arrange transfer.
Which injury is commonly most severe with injection injuries? A. The resulting deep tissue infection. B. The superficial soft tissue injury. C. The loss of sensation at the injection site. D. The disfigurement of the injected finger or foot.
A. The resulting deep tissue infection.
An unrestrained female driving a small car is involved in a rollover-type collision. Why is her risk for serious injury or death significantly increased? A. There are more impacts in a rollover causing injury B. The risk for ejection is lessened, increasing injuries suffered in the car C. Rollovers are the result of high speeds D. Smaller and lighter cars tend to roll multiple times
A. There are more impacts in a rollover causing injury
You are on scene with a trauma patient you suspect has internal bleeding. ALS providers on scene want to start an IV to replace lost fluid and increase the blood pressure. One reason to NOT allow the patient's blood pressure to rise too high after hemorrhagic shock from soft tissue trauma is because: A. it may cause worsening of the bleed. B. the sudden increase in pressure may cause a stroke to the brain. C. it will put the heart under too much strain. D. it will cause the lungs to fail.
A. it may cause worsening of the bleed.
How much blood loss can femur fractures account for? A. 1,500 mL B. 500 mL C. 750 mL D. 3 L
A. 1,500 mL
A "whiplash"-type neck injury is most often observed with which type of collision? A. Rear-end impact B. Frontal impact C. Rollover D. Ejection
A. Rear-end impact
You are assessing a patient who was involved in a motorcycle accident. He states that he saw an oncoming car and "laid the bike down" to avoid an outright collision. He was wearing a helmet. Which injury pattern would make sense given the action of the motorcyclist? A. Angulation to both femurs with protrusion B. Burn to the inside of the leg from the motorcycle exhaust pipe C. Bilateral broken forearms with upper extremity trauma D. "Road rash" to the entire body surface
B. Burn to the inside of the leg from the motorcycle exhaust pipe
A patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision is complaining of neck pain. Which piece of information would most contribute to the EMT's high index of suspicion that the patient may have suffered more significant injuries beyond isolated neck pain? A. Difficulty turning is head to the right B. Death of the car's driver C. External damage to the car is significant D. Lack of air bags in the car
B. Death of the car's driver
A young male was riding a motorcycle when he lost control and was thrown from the bike. The patient is unresponsive and receiving positive pressure ventilation by on scene EMRs. Your assessment reveals bright blood flowing from an unrecognized femoral bleed. Initial management of this bleeding would include: A. Placing a tourniquet distal to the injury if direct pressure fails to stop the bleed B. Direct pressure with a dressing applied C. Elevating the extremity and applying a cold compress D. Application of a proximal tourniquet
B. Direct pressure with a dressing applied
You are first on the scene of a two-car motor vehicle collision. Dispatch advises based on EMR reports from on scene, that two patients are entrapped in one vehicle and in the other vehicle, there is a male driver complaining of chest pain. Upon arriving on scene, your primary concern is: A. Triaging the patients B. Ensuring personal safety C. Calling for additional help D. Determining severity of injuries
B. Ensuring personal safety
A patient with severe head and neck pain states that he was properly wearing his seat belt when another car struck him from behind. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would realize that the complaint of: A. Head pain suggests that he was not wearing the seat belt properly B. Head and neck pain could occur even when the seat belt is properly worn C. Head and neck pain indicates that the lap belt was worn without the shoulder harness D. Head and neck pain indicates that he was not wearing his seat belt
B. Head and neck pain could occur even when the seat belt is properly worn
What is the preferred type of material to use for wound packing? A. 4x4 gauze dressings B. Hemostatic gauze C. Large trauma dressing D. Occlusive dressing
B. Hemostatic gauze
Your patient was slashed with a knife and has a flap of skin hanging from his arm. This is known as a/n: A. abrasion. B. avulsion. C. puncture. D. laceration.
B. avulsion.
As a high-speed projectile enters the body, it can create a pressure wave that extends damage beyond the bullet pathway. This is called: A. rotational impact. B. cavitation. C. fragmentation. D. expanding pathway.
B. cavitation.
What are the three main layers of the skin? A. Dermis, subcutaneous, muscle B. Subcutaneous, epidermis, dermis C. Dermis, muscle, epidermis D. Epidermis, subcutaneous, muscle
B. Subcutaneous, epidermis, dermis
Hemostatic gauze has been used to control hemorrhage. What is the minimum amount of time that pressure should be maintained after packing the wound with hemostatic gauze? A. 10 minutes B. 5 minutes C. 3 minutes D. 1 minute
C. 3 minutes
Slow oozing blood that is dark in color and is easy to control is MOST likely what type? A. Significant B. Venous C. Capillary D. Arterial
C. Capillary
You are responding to a call for a 4-year-old child hit by a car. When assessing this child, which injury patterns would you recognize as typical based on the child's age and mechanism of injury? A. Left arm and leg deformities, and head injury B. Bilateral ankle deformity, contusions to the back, and face trauma C. Deformed femurs, bruises to the chest and abdomen, and head injury D. Head injury with deformities to both upper arms and neck trauma
C. Deformed femurs, bruises to the chest and abdomen, and head injury
In approaching the scene of a multisystem trauma, what is your first consideration? A. Determining the need for additional resources at the scene B. Providing a primary assessment to identify and manage immediate life threats C. Ensuring the safety of the EMS personnel, patients, and bystanders D. Determining the mechanism of injury and kinematics involved in producing real or potential injuries
C. Ensuring the safety of the EMS personnel, patients, and bystanders
Which catecholamines cause the MOST rapid response to hemorrhage and cardiovascular insufficiency? A. Epinephrine and arginine vasopressin (AVP) B. Antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin C. Epinephrine and norepinephrine D. Norepinephrine and angiotensin
C. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of these is a high-velocity wound that carries the greatest risk for death when considering the concept of cavitation? A. Shotgun wound to the lung B. Gunshot wound to the stomach C. Gunshot wound to the spleen D. Stab wound to the liver
C. Gunshot wound to the spleen
When providing prehospital care to a female patient with a soft-tissue injury, which statement is true? A. Double gloving is necessary to protect the EMT from blood borne diseases B. Sterile gloves are essential to prevent infection to the patient. C. Hands should be washed even if gloves were worn during care. D. Gloves are needed only if the patient has an open soft-tissue injury.
C. Hands should be washed even if gloves were worn during care.
In the residential setting, what are most high-pressure injuries caused by? A. Pump-action squirt guns B. High-pressure water toys for kids C. Home pressure washers D. Dish washer machines
C. Home pressure washers
What location of soft tissue injury would be a likely place for packing a wound? A. Bleeding from the ear B. Long bone injury C. Junctional injury D. Open skull fracture
C. Junctional injury
You arrive at the scene where a young male patient fell out of a tree he was climbing. Although he fell from a lower branch, he was still reportedly 10-12 feet in the air when he fell. The patient landed on his side on the ground. Which element of the kinematics of trauma would explain the mechanism of any injuries he may have sustained? A. Terminal mass B. Rapid acceleration C. Rapid deceleration D. Terminal velocity
C. Rapid deceleration
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a construction accident. The patient, a 43-year-old finishing carpenter, was cutting the edge off a trim board when the knife slipped, avulsing a large section of his anterior lower arm, including underlying musculature and veins. He is currently alert and oriented, and a co-worker is successfully applying direct pressure over the avulsed flap to control bleeding. The patient's respirations are 12, and his right radial pulse is 84. Which form of bleeding control would you initially attempt to utilize? A. Digital pressure B. An absorbent dressing with a loosely applied circumferential bandage C. Sterile dressing with a circumferential bandage, moderately wrapped to provide pressure D. Tourniquet
C. Sterile dressing with a circumferential bandage, moderately wrapped to provide pressure
When teaching Emergency Medical Responders about air bags, which point would you emphasize? A. Air bags are effective in decreasing injury in a rollover-type collision B. Air bags prevent broken glass from striking the occupant C. The benefit of air bags is lessened in a multiple-vehicle collision impact D. Properly placed air bags eliminate the need for seat belts
C. The benefit of air bags is lessened in a multiple-vehicle collision impact
You are called for a 2-year-old boy who has a nosebleed. While you are en route to the call, the dispatcher informs you that the patient has a disorder where the blood does not clot normally. As an EMT, you should recognize that: A. The patient's blood is infectious B. The patient requires oxygen C. The bleeding may be significant D. A mask will need to be worn
C. The bleeding may be significant
A patient has suffered a small but jagged laceration to her left hand. When cleaning the wound, it is important that the EMT: A. Apply an antibiotic ointment prior to cleaning the injury B. Place saline-soaked gauze in the laceration C. Use sterile gauze and wipe in a direction away from the site of injury D. Carefully remove any embedded particles from within the laceration
C. Use sterile gauze and wipe in a direction away from the site of injury
A patient has had part of his right thumb amputated in an industrial accident. Coworkers have retrieved the thumb and wrapped it in a towel. The EMT demonstrates appropriate handling of the amputated part when he: A. Places the thumb in sterile saline B. Places the thumb into ice water C. Wraps it in a dry sterile dressing D. Keeps the thumb warm during transport
C. Wraps it in a dry sterile dressing
The three types of impacts associated with motorcycle collisions are head-on, ejection, and: A. flip. B. rear. C. angular. D. frontal.
C. angular.
A 43-year-old male patient has a circular/round shaped entrance wound to his stomach after being stabbed with a screwdriver. This is known as a/an: A. laceration. B. abrasion. C. puncture. D. avulsion.
C. puncture.
The "platinum 10 minutes" refers to limiting: A. transport time. B. response time. C. scene time. D. assessment time.
C. scene time.
In a motor vehicle collision, the impact of the victim within the passenger compartment is called: A. an additional impact. B. a tertiary collision. C. the body collision. D. a deceleration impact.
C. the body collision.
In a motorcycle collision, burns are most commonly associated with: A. friction from the slide. B. ignition of the fuel tank. C. the leg being caught between the motorcycle and the ground. D. continued operation of the engine.
C. the leg being caught between the motorcycle and the ground.
A patient stabbed himself with a knife at the fifth intercostal space on the right side of the chest in an attempted suicide. Assessment reveals him to be short of breath and coughing. Which question is it most important for the EMT to ask regarding the weapon? A. "Did the knife penetrate your chest easily?" B. "Was the knife clean or dirty?" C. "How long was the knife blade?" D. "Did you push the knife in slowly or quickly?"
C. "How long was the knife blade?"
Regarding the field triage of injured patients, which of these patients is not a member of a special patient population that would necessitate transport to a trauma center? A. A male patient with a broken femur and burns to 25 percent of his body after jumping from a second-story window of a house that was on fire. B. A female patient with a suspected brain injury from a fall who also takes prescribed anticoagulants. C. A 70-year-old male patient with a systolic blood pressure of 104 mmHg after wrecking his car into a tree. D. A female patient who is 12 weeks pregnant and who fell on the sidewalk, injuring her hip and wrist.
D. A female patient who is 12 weeks pregnant and who fell on the sidewalk, injuring her hip and wrist.
Which type of injury is most likely to result in capillary bleeding only? A. Laceration B. Avulsion C. Penetration D. Abrasion
D. Abrasion
While en route to a domestic violence incident with possible injuries, the police contact you and report that a male patient has arterial bleeding from a stab wound to the arm. Given this information, which bleeding characteristics do you expect? A. Dark red blood flowing from the injury that is difficult to control B. Spurting blood that is dark red in color and difficult to control C. Bright red blood oozing from the injury site that is easy to control D. Bright red blood that is spurting with each beat of the heart
D. Bright red blood that is spurting with each beat of the heart
What damage is MOST common when a person falls on outstretched arms? A. Rotator cuff injury B. Elbow dislocation C. Mid-shaft humerus fracture D. Colles fracture
D. Colles fracture
Assessment of an 88-year-old female who fell reveals bruising to her right buttock. The skin is intact and the patient complains of tenderness to the area when you palpate. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize this patient has which type of injury? A. Avulsion B. Open injury C. Abrasion D. Contusion
D. Contusion
The use of which medicine by the patient may make bleeding the patient sustains more severe because the medication causes inhibition of clotting? A. Nitro B. Albuterol C. Lasix D. Coumadin
D. Coumadin
A young female wears her lap belt too low, over her upper thighs, because the belt is uncomfortable when worn properly. If she is involved in a head-on "up and over" type of collision, to which injury is she most prone, given the position of her lap belt? A. Bilateral arm fractures B. Tibia-fibula fractures C. Internal abdominal injury D. Dislocated hips
D. Dislocated hips
You have arrived on the scene of an explosion in a warehouse used to store fertilizers. A paramedic, who has already triaged the nine patients involved, directs you to a young man sitting under a tree. The man states that he is having excruciating ear pain. The initial assessment and rapid trauma assessment reveal no obvious injuries. Given this presentation, the EMT would recognize the injury was likely sustained: A. From the noise of the explosion B. As a result of exposure to superheated air C. After the secondary blast phase D. During the primary blast phase
D. During the primary blast phase
The EMT's initial concern when treating a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest is: A. Applying sterile bandages B. Looking for an exit wound C. Evaluating for shock D. Ensuring an open airway
D. Ensuring an open airway
A patient is confused and anxious after falling 20 feet from a ladder onto the grass below. Which clinical finding described is most suggestive of shock? A. Constricted pupils B. Deformity to the left arm C. Large hematoma to the head D. Heart rate of 112 beats per minute
D. Heart rate of 112 beats per minute
An 8-year-old boy fell forward off of a swing onto outstretched arms. He did not hit his head or lose consciousness and is complaining of left forearm pain. There is deformity to the left wrist, but no other injuries or life threats. His vital signs are pulse 132 beats/min, respirations 20 breaths/min, blood pressure 108/62 mmHg, and SpO2 100%. The proper care of this patient would be to: A. Apply supplemental oxygen and anatomically splint the forearm when the patient is placed on a long backboard B. Immediately load and transport the patient, splinting the injury en route C. Call ALS so that the patient can be given intravenous pain medications before splinting the forearm D. Secure the forearm to a padded board splint and apply a cold pack to the injury site before transporting the patient non-emergently
D. Secure the forearm to a padded board splint and apply a cold pack to the injury site before transporting the patient non-emergently
As you pull up to a motor vehicle collision, you quickly scan the scene for clues as to the type and severity of injuries. Which observation would best indicate that a patient may have a head injury? A. Air bag deployment B. Blood on a patient's clothing C. Frontal-type collision D. Starburst on the windshield
D. Starburst on the windshield
How should a patient suffering from hemorrhagic shock be positioned? A. Left lateral recumbent B. Trendelenburg C. Fowler's D. Supine
D. Supine
How much material is packed into a wound that has not been controlled by more conventional measures? A. After one hemostatic gauze has been used B. One abdominal pad (or large trauma dressing) C. After three hemostatic gauze have been used D. When no more gauze can be packed into the wound
D. When no more gauze can be packed into the wound
The "blown outward" appearance of a bullet exit wound is the result of: A. the bullet and hot gases. B. the bullet and displaced bone fragments. C. damage by the bullet forcing debris and bodily contents out of the wound. D. damage by the bullet and the cavitational wave.
D. damage by the bullet and the cavitational wave.
A wound under the skin that involves a large blood vessel and is characterized by a large lump with bluish discoloration is called a: A. contusion. B. crush injury. C. concussion. D. hematoma.
D. hematoma.
When covering various wounds, you should always use a/n: A. occlusive dressing. B. wet dressing. C. dry dressing. D. sterile dressing.
D. sterile dressing.
A middle-aged male's arm became caught in a grinding machine, and the arm was eventually extricated from the machine by coworkers. As you approach the patient, you note him to be holding a bloody towel over a severely deformed right arm. The patient is alert and anxious, and he has a patent airway. His breathing is adequate and his left radial pulse is fast and weak. You note his skin to be cool and diaphoretic. Given this information, which care would be provided first for this patient? A. Administer supplemental oxygen B. Start positive pressure ventilation C. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and administer oxygen D. Perform a detailed secondary exam focusing on his arm
A. Administer supplemental oxygen
You arrive at a meat packing plant to find a 30-year-old male patient who was cut in the wrist with a sharp knife. The patient appears pale, and blood is spurting from the laceration. Your immediate action would be to: A. Apply direct pressure to the laceration B. Provide supplemental oxygen C. Check the pulse and blood pressure D. Assess and manage the airway
A. Apply direct pressure to the laceration
You have just applied a pressure dressing to the leg of a woman who suffered a deep laceration to her calf from a piece of broken glass. What should you do next? A. Assess for a pedal pulse B. Assess the blood glucose level to determine if hypoglycemia contributed to the accident C. Apply a tourniquet above the laceration D. Obtain a follow-up blood pressure
A. Assess for a pedal pulse
Which statement regarding contusions is true? A. Blood vessels in the dermal layer have ruptured. B. Blood vessels in the subcutaneous layer have been broken. C. The epidermis is open and actively bleeding. D. Blood vessels in the epidermis have broken but the skin is intact.
A. Blood vessels in the dermal layer have ruptured.
A bullet fired from a gun at close range passes through the patient's liver. However, on autopsy, the coroner discovers that the man's pancreas, stomach, and gallbladder were also injured, even though not in direct contact with the bullet. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize that which mechanism is responsible for injuries to these additional organs? A. Cavitation B. Profile impact C. Drag force D. Blunt injury
A. Cavitation
A 27-year-old male was involved in an altercation and was struck in the ribs with a baseball bat. Assessment reveals intact skin with bruising to the right lateral chest. When palpating this area, pain, instability, and crepitus are all observed. The patient also complains of difficult and painful breathing. The EMT would recognize: A. Chest injury caused by blunt trauma B. Chest wall injury caused by acceleration forces C. Thoracic injury secondary to penetrating trauma D. Pulmonary injury caused by penetrating trauma
A. Chest injury caused by blunt trauma
You are treating a 32-year-old male patient who struck a large tree with his car. On your arrival, law enforcement tells you that the patient was wandering around the accident scene. You locate the patient sitting on the ground next to his car, conscious and alert. He is unable to speak because of an avulsion of his left cheek, leaving a full-thickness section that was severed and is heavily bleeding, just below his zygomatic arch, flipped down onto his lower jaw. You also note that he is missing several of his now exposed teeth. After the airway has been secured, what is your NEXT priority? A. Controlling the bleeding B. Locating the missing teeth C. Providing spine motion restriction precautions D. Applying high-flow oxygen
A. Controlling the bleeding
A teenage female patient was ejected from a car as it rolled down a hill after she ran off the road. She is responsive, but with signs of early shock and respiratory distress. She has bruising to her anterior abdomen and chest, a laceration to her left temple, and deformity to her left wrist. At which point should the wrist injury be splinted? A. En route to the hospital B. Prior to full spinal motion restriction precautions being provided C. Just before leaving the scene D. Before transferring the patient to the stretcher
A. En route to the hospital
Which of these indicates the need to limit scene time to 10 minutes? A. Hypoxia B. Respiratory rate of 25/minute C. Bilateral tibia fractures D. Femur fracture
A. Hypoxia
A patient sustained a crush injury after being pinned by a car that fell off jack-stands while the patient was underneath the car working on it. The injury occurred to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Assessment shows bruising to that area, with instability noted to the lowest rib. The EMT's highest concern regarding this injury should be: A. Injury to the spleen B. Fractured rib C. Abdominal evisceration D. Abdominal contusion
A. Injury to the spleen
Which injury is most serious, warranting immediate and rapid transport to the local trauma center? A. Instability and crepitus to the left lateral chest wall B. Open fracture to the left lower leg C. Large, deep laceration to the arm with bone visible D. Deformity to the right ankle with pain rated as a 10/10
A. Instability and crepitus to the left lateral chest wall
A 62-year-old male was the restrained driver of a car that was hit on the driver's side. Emergency Medical Responders have extricated the patient and provided spinal motion restriction precautions, including a cervical collar, long board, and straps. When asked, the patient complains of dizziness as well as left leg and left arm pain. Assessment reveals multiple contusions and deformity to his left forearm and a laceration with minor bleeding to the left side of his face. The patient's airway is open, and his breathing is labored. A rapid radial pulse is felt. Skin is cool and dry. Which assessment finding would the EMT address first? A. Labored breathing B. Rapid pulse C. Bleeding from facial laceration D. Complaint of dizziness
A. Labored breathing
The EMT is caring for a patient with external bleeding from injuries sustained in an accident. The EMT documents the patient has lost about 25 percent of his total blood volume. Which clinical manifestations would support this finding? A. Normal blood pressure, narrow pulse pressure, and pale, cool, and clammy skin B. Low blood pressure, normal pulse pressure, and cool skin with normal color C. Low blood pressure, very narrow pulse pressure, and pale, cold, and mottled skin D. High blood pressure, widened pulse pressure, and pale, cool, and clammy skin
A. Normal blood pressure, narrow pulse pressure, and pale, cool, and clammy skin
You believe that a patient who has been shot in the lower abdomen is bleeding internally and is in an early stage of shock. The patient's mental status is decreasing. What would be appropriate prehospital care of this patient? A. Oxygen therapy and rapid transport to the hospital B. Supine position and administration of water by mouth C. Semi-Fowler's position and direct pressure over the injury site D. Oxygen therapy and cold packs to the abdomen
A. Oxygen therapy and rapid transport to the hospital
A car, driven by an unrestrained male, strikes a utility pole at 35 mph. Given this scenario, which would be true? A. The internal organs struck the inside of the body at a speed of 35 mph. B. The utility pole absorbed half of the kinetic energy, so that the body collision occurred at a speed of 17.5 mph. C. The energy transferred to the body is increased by a factor of 2. D. The patient struck the steering wheel at a combined speed of 70 mph.
A. The internal organs struck the inside of the body at a speed of 35 mph.
Another crew has called for your assistance in extricating an obese male with a nosebleed from a third-floor bedroom. As you enter the room, which observation indicates proper management of the patient's condition? A. The patient is sitting upright, leaning forward, with nostrils pinched shut. B. The patient is sitting upright, head tilted back, with sterile gauze packed in each nostril. C. The patient is supine, head turned to the side, blood draining from the nose and mouth, with a cold pack applied to the bridge of the nose. D. The patient is lying on his side, a loose dressing has been applied below his nose, and a cold pack is on the bridge of his nose.
A. The patient is sitting upright, leaning forward, with nostrils pinched shut.
What is the best description of the "platinum 10 minutes" as it applies to care of the trauma patient? A. The target maximum scene time for EMS as it applies to the seriously injured trauma patient B. The time it should take the transporting ambulance to get the trauma patient to the closest medical facility C. The target maximum time that the multisystem trauma patient should spend in the emergency department before being transferred to surgery D. The goal for total amount of time from the actual injury to arrival of EMS at the scene
A. The target maximum scene time for EMS as it applies to the seriously injured trauma patient
A 24-year-old male has cut his arm with a table saw. Assessment reveals dark red blood flowing steadily from the laceration. As an EMT, you would identify this bleeding as: A. Venous B. Capillary C. Arterial D. Lymphatic
A. Venous
Scraping, rubbing, or shearing away of the outermost layer of the skin is called a/an: A. abrasion. B. avulsion. C. contusion. D. laceration.
A. abrasion.
Bleeding from the nose, ears, or mouth is a cause for concern. Keep in mind that: A. attempting to stop bleeding from the ears if the patient has a head injury could increase pressure inside the skull. B. if your patient has a head injury, you should attempt to stop the flow of blood, since the bleeding will decrease blood flow to the brain. C. hyperglycemia can increase intracranial pressure, resulting in the bleeding. D. treatment for nosebleeds consists of having the patient pinch the fleshy part of the nostrils together and lean backward.
A. attempting to stop bleeding from the ears if the patient has a head injury could increase pressure inside the skull.
Injuries that are received during the secondary blast phase are caused by: A. blast projectiles. B. heat or burn injuries. C. overpressure wave. D. personnel displacement.
A. blast projectiles.
Emergency medical care for internal bleeding includes: A. immediate transport for patients with signs and symptoms of shock. B. applying supplemental oxygen only by nasal cannula so that the circulatory system is not overwhelmed. C. applying direct manual pressure to the areas of internal bleeding. D. placing the patient with head and torso elevated to better perfuse the brain.
A. immediate transport for patients with signs and symptoms of shock.
Injuries that result from the pressure wave of the blast are: A. primary phase injuries. B. quaternary phase injuries. C. tertiary phase injuries. D. secondary phase injuries.
A. primary phase injuries.
Acceleration and deceleration are measures of: A. rate. B. velocity. C. mass. D. energy.
A. rate.
Lacerations are either linear or: A. stellate. B. angular. C. eccentric. D. subjugated.
A. stellate.
The path or motion of a projectile during its travel is called: A. trajectory. B. acceleration. C. profile. D. velocity.
A. trajectory.
Being struck by a bullet is likely more traumatic than being stabbed by a knife blade due to: A. velocity. B. trajectory. C. inertia. D. mass.
A. velocity.
At what height does a fall become severe enough for an adult to necessitate trauma services based solely on the mechanism of injury? A. 10 feet B. 20 feet C. 25 feet D. 30 feet
B. 20 feet
The EMT should apply pressure to an open wound that hemostatic gauze was used on for at least how long? A. 1 minute B. 3 minutes C. 5 minutes D. 7 minutes
B. 3 minutes
You have arrived at a scene where a young girl tripped while running and pushed her arms through a plate glass window while falling. She is responsive to painful stimuli and has blood spurting from a large laceration on her right upper arm. Your partner yells for you to immediately apply direct pressure to the laceration to prevent further blood loss, while he works to control the airway. You have yet to apply gloves, but your uniform shirt has long sleeves, and you normally wear prescription glasses. What would you do next? A. Apply direct pressure to the site with your forearm until someone with gloves can take over B. Apply gloves prior to applying direct pressure over the injury site C. Place a tourniquet above the laceration, being careful not to get blood on your hands D. Control bleeding by pushing the skin of the laceration together until you can apply gloves
B. Apply gloves prior to applying direct pressure over the injury site
As you approach a young male lying on the sidewalk who was called into 911 as an "unresponsive male," you observe an area of dark blood on his pants. He appears lethargic, pale, and diaphoretic. Your first action in caring for this patient would be to: A. Elevate the leg B. Assess the airway C. Apply oxygen D. Cut the pants
B. Assess the airway
Which choice is of special consideration in preventing when treating a large, open neck injury? A. Pericardial edema B. Blood embolism C. Jugular perforation D. Pulmonary embolism
B. Blood embolism
You are called for an 8-year-old boy who has fallen. At the scene, the boy's mother states that her son was running while flying a kite and tripped, striking his face on a rock. Assessment reveals a large reddish-blue lump with intact skin under his left eye. When alerting the hospital emergency department of your arrival, you should inform them that the patient has which type of injury? A. Contusion B. Hematoma C. Evisceration D. Ecchymosis
B. Hematoma
When packing a wound to help control bleeding, what type of dressing is recommended? A. Sterile dressings B. Hemostatic gauze C. Elastic bandages D. Abdominal pads
B. Hemostatic gauze
Why would blood loss from the ear of a patient with a head injury be of special concern? A. It means that the ear canal itself is injured. B. It may be indicative of a skull fracture. C. It tells you that the patient has also suffered a temporal skull fracture. D. Ears do not have blood vessels and therefore cannot bleed; this means that the blood is coming from the brain.
B. It may be indicative of a skull fracture.
An injury to what area of the body would most likely result in the EMT packing the wound? A. Scalp wound B. Junctional wound C. Vaginal wound D. Neck wound
B. Junctional wound
Of the following options, what should the EMT do first when caring for a multisystem trauma patient? A. Establish a patent airway. B. Notify the hospital. C. Provide oxygenation. D. Determine the GCS.
B. Notify the hospital.
You should have a high index of suspicion for critical injury in which of these motor vehicle collisions? A. Injury to a second occupant B. Patient with altered mental status C. Intrusion of 6 inches into the passenger compartment D. Vehicle telemetry indicating seatbelts were in use
B. Patient with altered mental status
A 48-year-old male is in shock from injuries sustained in a motor vehicle collision. Which assessment finding(s) is (are) most suggestive that the patient may have internal bleeding? A. Evisceration of abdominal contents B. Pelvic instability with a BP of 78/48 mmHg C. Heart rate of 148 beats/min D. Patient responds to painful stimuli with a moan
B. Pelvic instability with a BP of 78/48 mmHg
You arrive on the scene of a motorcycle accident and find an unresponsive male patient lying in the middle of the road with blood coming from his ears and nose. He was not wearing a helmet and has snoring respirations. Which sequence of events would be most appropriate in the care of this patient?
B. Primary assessment, airway and ventilatory management, oxygen administration, spine motion restriction precautions, transport within 10 minutes of arriving on scene
What is the important assessment consideration for a high-pressure injection injury? A. Providing immobilization to the injection site B. Recognition by the EMT that one has occurred C. Filling out a special report for OSHA D. Determine need to administer acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain relief
B. Recognition by the EMT that one has occurred
A patient, who was constructing a bomb in his basement, has sustained a secondary-phase blast injury when the bomb detonated unexpectedly. Which presentation would the EMT most likely observe from this blast phase? A. Complaint of nausea after inhaling fumes B. Screwdriver impaled in the thorax C. Burns to the head, neck, and chest D. Headache and shortness of breath
B. Screwdriver impaled in the thorax
A male patient has sustained gunshot wounds to the neck and abdomen. He is unresponsive and has gurgling respirations. Your immediate action would be to: A. Start positive pressure ventilation and then place a cervical collar and maintain manual spine motion restriction B. Suction the airway while providing manual spine motion restriction C. Insert a nasal airway and place the patient on a long backboard D. Place a cervical collar and position the patient on a long board
B. Suction the airway while providing manual spine motion restriction
You arrive on the scene of a motor vehicle collision with multiple patients. Which of these indicates a need for transport to a trauma center? A. Bilateral wrist fractures B. Unstable pelvis C. Open femur fracture D. Systolic blood pressure of 98
B. Unstable pelvis
When managing a patient with a soft tissue injury, it is essential that the EMT performs which action? A. Cover hematomas with occlusive dressings B. Use the appropriate personal protective equipment C. Control bleeding with a tourniquet if the bleeding is arterial in nature D. Thoroughly disinfect dirty lacerations
B. Use the appropriate personal protective equipment
Which statement shows that the EMT understands the use of a tourniquet in controlling bleeding? A. "If the tourniquet appears to have stopped the bleeding, the EMT should loosen it slightly to allow a small amount of blood to perfuse the tissues." B. "A tourniquet should be applied tightly enough that arterial blood flow distal to the tourniquet is completely stopped." C. "If a blood pressure cuff is used as a tourniquet, the EMT should inflate it approximately 50 mmHg above the patient's systolic blood pressure." D. "Since arteries run close to the body's surface in a joint, the best place to apply a tourniquet is over the joint just above the site of hemorrhage."
B. "A tourniquet should be applied tightly enough that arterial blood flow distal to the tourniquet is completely stopped."
During an in-service program focusing on care of the trauma patient, the medical director asks if anyone can correctly describe the "platinum 10 minutes." What statement by a participant is the best response? A. "EMS should spend 10 minutes assessing the patient for life-threatening injuries prior to initiating transport to the emergency department." B. "EMS should initiate transport of the critically injured trauma patient to the hospital within 10 minutes of arriving on scene." C. "EMS systems should be designed so that it takes an ambulance no longer than 10 minutes to respond to a trauma call." D. "If the transport to a trauma center will exceed 10 minutes, EMS should strongly consider the use of an aeromedical helicopter."
B. "EMS should initiate transport of the critically injured trauma patient to the hospital within 10 minutes of arriving on scene."
You are hosting a discussion on injury prevention when a participant asks you if you believe that helmets for motorcyclists truly make a difference. You would respond by saying: A. "Helmets have been shown to prevent motorcycle accidents." B. "Motorcycle helmets decrease the risk of death when the rider is involved in a collision." C. "Wearing a helmet decreases the chance of being ejected from a motorcycle." D. "A motorcycle helmet decreases the chance of permanent spinal injury."
B. "Motorcycle helmets decrease the risk of death when the rider is involved in a collision."
While riding a bike, a young boy fell onto a stick protruding from the ground. The stick impaled him in the neck. The boy immediately pulled the stick out and ran home, where his mother called 911. Assessment reveals a gaping wound to the right neck. All hemorrhage has clotted off and manual cervical spine motion restriction is being maintained. Which instructions should you provide to the other EMTs on scene? A. "Do not worry about covering the wound; just place a cervical collar on the patient and carefully transfer him to the long board." B. "Place an occlusive dressing over the wound and tape it on all four sides." C. "Apply a sterile dressing over the wound and hold it in place by wrapping roller gauze around his neck." D. "Take some sterile gauze and carefully place it inside the open wound to prevent additional bleeding."
B. "Place an occlusive dressing over the wound and tape it on all four sides."
The EMT understands the importance of evaluating the mechanism of injury when he states: A. "The mechanism of injury is useful in determining the exact injuries the patient has sustained." B. "The mechanism of injury can be used to guide the EMT's injury assessment and treatment of the patient." C. "Evaluating the mechanism of injury is important because it determines whether emergency transport to the hospital is needed." D. "The mechanism of injury is a useful tool in determining whether the patient's outcome will be good or bad."
B. "The mechanism of injury can be used to guide the EMT's injury assessment and treatment of the patient."
Two cars have collided head-on. One car was traveling at a speed of 55 mph and the other at 35 mph. The total speed of impact would be: A. 55 mph B. 20 mph C. 90 mph D. 35 mph
C. 90 mph
What is the best description of a topical hemostatic agent? A. A topical medication that reduces the risk of infection B. A rapid-acting pill that promotes clotting in the body C. A dressing that is specifically designed to stop bleeding D. A liquid that stops bleeding by "gluing" the edges of a laceration together
C. A dressing that is specifically designed to stop bleeding
Which statement is CORRECT about acceleration and deceleration? A. If two cars of the same weight and speed stop, one by gradual braking and the other by suddenly striking a telephone pole, they exert the same force. B. If an out-of-control truck strikes a stopped car from behind, the sudden deceleration of the car will cause the body of the car's driver to be jerked out from under the head and neck. C. A faster change in speed results in more force exerted. D. Acceleration and deceleration are not factors in determining force of impact.
C. A faster change in speed results in more force exerted.
Which patient requires the EMT to remove an impaled object in the field? A. A female with a knife on the right side of her chest; she is short of breath and coughing up blood B. A male patient who fell on a screwdriver, which is impaled through his hand; the patient is in pain and requesting that you remove the screwdriver C. A young female with a broken pencil through her cheek and into the oropharynx; blood from the injury is draining into her throat D. A male patient with a 6-inch knife in his left upper quadrant; there is active bleeding around the injury site
C. A young female with a broken pencil through her cheek and into the oropharynx; blood from the injury is draining into her throat
A patient presents with an arrow impaled in the right lower quadrant of his abdomen. He is in excruciating pain and states that he was accidentally shot by a friend while hunting. While there is no external bleeding coming from the injury, the surrounding skin is ecchymotic. Other assessment findings, such as the vital signs, indicate the patient is in early shock. Which action should the EMT perform first? A. Stabilize the arrow with an occlusive dressing B. Carefully remove the arrow C. Administer supplemental oxygen D. Establish manual cervical spine motion restriction
C. Administer supplemental oxygen
Why is the exit wound of a bullet commonly larger than the entry wound? A. As the superheated metal of the bullet proceeds through the skin, it burns away all tissue that it touches. The heat destruction radiates into a tubular shape along the trajectory of the bullet, causing the bullet's exit to be larger than its entrance. B. When the bullet enters the dermis, it breaks into many small pieces that travel in different directions. As these bullet pieces pass out of the body, they destroy a wide path of tissue. C. As the bullet's energy dissipates into flesh, its kinetic energy is transferred to the tissues in an outward fashion. This causes exit wounds that are larger than entry wounds. D. As the bullet enters the skin, it flattens out, or "mushrooms," increasing its surface area. Thus, when it exits the body, it displaces more tissue than it did when it entered. This creates t
C. As the bullet's energy dissipates into flesh, its kinetic energy is transferred to the tissues in an outward fashion. This causes exit wounds that are larger than entry wounds.
After assessing these patients, which would the EMT identify as suffering from multisystem trauma? A. A 31-year-old female who has a large laceration to her leg from a hunting knife, with bleeding controlled B. A 24-year-old male who slipped on ice and has tenderness to the right shoulder C. A 61-year-old male who became dizzy and fell down five stairs, and who has a laceration to the head and open fracture of the left lower leg D. An 89-year-old female who fell in a nursing home and has a hematoma to the back of her head
C. A 61-year-old male who became dizzy and fell down five stairs, and who has a laceration to the head and open fracture of the left lower leg
A patient was building a bomb in his garage when it accidentally detonated. Assessment findings from the rapid secondary assessment reveal part of the intestines and a portion of the liver protruding from the right side of the abdomen. Proper care of this injury would include: A. Careful replacement of the organs back into the abdominal cavity B. Direct but gentle pressure applied to the exposed organs to hold them in place C. Covering the exposed organs with a large sterile dressing soaked with sterile water D. Application of a dry sterile dressing covered with an occlusive dressing taped on three sides
C. Covering the exposed organs with a large sterile dressing soaked with sterile water
As part of your service to the community, you are certified as a car seat specialist and provide monthly classes on the safe transport of infants and children. Over the course of one day, several cars have pulled into your EMS station and asked you to look at their car seats. Which car seat position would indicate that the parent is safely transporting his or her infant (younger than 1 year old)? A. Facing forward in the back seat in an upright position (60 degrees) B. Facing backward in an upright position in the front seat (90 degrees) C. Facing backward in the back seat in a reclined position (45 degrees) D. Facing forward in the back seat in a reclined position (60 degrees)
C. Facing backward in the back seat in a reclined position (45 degrees)
Which statement is TRUE about crush injuries? A. Because crush injuries are internal wounds, there is not enough blood lost to cause hypoperfusion. B. Because of the mechanism of injury, crush injuries show no external bleeding. C. Internal organs can actually rupture if a severe crush injury is sustained. D. Because of the protective muscle and fat of the body, a crush injury does not usually cause serious damage.
C. Internal organs can actually rupture if a severe crush injury is sustained.
Speed being equal, which impact is most likely to damage muscles and ligaments of the neck? A. Rear impact B. They are all about the same. C. Lateral impact D. Frontal impact
C. Lateral impact
What trauma center designation is given to a regional trauma center, usually a university teaching center that is prepared and committed to handle all types of specialty trauma? A. Level II B. Resource support center C. Level I D. Primary trauma center
C. Level I
A car has been hit head-on by another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. Seat belts were in place and the air bags deployed. The patient complains of chest pain. Quick observation reveals a bruise to his sternum. The EMT should immediately: A. Suspect an injury related to the air bag B. Deflate the air bag to get breath sounds C. Lift the air bag and check for steering wheel deformity D. Check the windshield for starring
C. Lift the air bag and check for steering wheel deformity
Which of the statements concerning trauma is most accurate? A. The mechanism of injury is the best predictor of patient outcome. B. Falls are the leading cause of trauma deaths. C. Multisystem trauma has a higher mortality rate than single-system injuries. D. A "spider web" or "star" pattern of cracks on the windshield means the patient impacted the windshield with his head
C. Multisystem trauma has a higher mortality rate than single-system injuries.
Which statement is CORRECT about motor vehicle crashes involving rotational impact or a rollover? A. Vehicles with a high center of gravity are less likely to roll over than other vehicles. B. Injuries from rotational crashes are easily predictable when compared to other types of impacts. C. Multisystem trauma is common in rollover crashes. D. Crush injuries are less likely to occur to ejected occupants than to occupants who remain in the vehicle.
C. Multisystem trauma is common in rollover crashes.
Which clinical finding is most suggestive of a patient who is decompensating? A. Heart rate < 100 beats/min B. Skin that is pale, cold, and dry C. Narrowing pulse pressure D. Pulse oximeter reading < 96%
C. Narrowing pulse pressure
An unrestrained driver of a car that has struck a tree at 45 mph has suffered a contusion to his heart. The EMT would recognize that this injury occurred during which impact of the collision? A. Physiological collision B. Vehicle collision C. Organ collision D. Body collision
C. Organ collision
You are having a difficult time controlling bleeding from a small skin avulsion on a patient's ankle. Which statement made by the patient best explains why control has been difficult to achieve? A. "I take steroids for my lung disease." B. "My blood pressure sometimes runs a little high." C. "I take Coumadin for my irregular heartbeat." D. "I drank a lot of alcohol last night."
C. "I take Coumadin for my irregular heartbeat."
Which statement made by the EMT shows an understanding of how an open wound should be bandaged? A. "You must always make sure that the bandage is sterile." B. "Bandages are sterile gauze pads used to stop bleeding." C. "I use bandaging material to secure the sterile dressing in place." D. "After you apply a bandage, you should place a dressing over it."
C. "I use bandaging material to secure the sterile dressing in place."
Which statement made by your new EMT partner best describes the way to determine the severity of a patient's blood loss? A. "I estimate the blood loss based on the fact that one cup of blood is about 250 mL." B. "If the pulse rate is greater than 100 beats per minute, the patient has lost at least 200 mL of blood." C. "I use the patient's signs and symptoms to judge the severity of the blood loss." D. "I look at the blood pressure, and if it is less than 100 mmHg systolic, the patient has lost 500 mL of blood."
C. "I use the patient's signs and symptoms to judge the severity of the blood loss."
A 23-year-old roofer has fallen 20 feet from the roof of a house into shrubs below. Aside from superficial abrasions and complaint of soreness, you detect no obvious injuries. Consequently, the patient states that as long as his legs are not broken, he does not see the need to go to the hospital. As a knowledgeable EMT, your best response would be: A. "Since this is a work-related injury, you should really be evaluated in the hospital. Worker's compensation may not cover you if you do not." B. "Although you feel okay now, you will most likely be sore later on. Why don't we go to the hospital and ask about some medications for pain?" C. "In a fall from this height, you may have hurt some internal organs. You really need to be examined." D. "Since you did not lose consciousness, I feel better about having you refuse. Just keep an eye on your feet and watch for
C. "In a fall from this height, you may have hurt some internal organs. You really need to be examined."
Which statement indicates an understanding of the EMT's prehospital role in caring for the patient in shock secondary to significant soft tissue trauma? A. "Because shock is a life-threatening condition, it is important that the EMT identify the exact cause so proper care can be given." B. "If shock is in its early stage, it is not yet life-threatening and the EMT can take more time in assessing and treating the patient." C. "Since trauma is best treated in the hospital, the EMT should provide care to maintain perfusion to the vital organs and transport." D. "The job of the EMT is to assume a trauma patient is in shock and get him or her to the hospital as quickly as possible."
C. "Since trauma is best treated in the hospital, the EMT should provide care to maintain perfusion to the vital organs and transport."
Which of these patients would the EMT recognize as suffering from an evisceration injury? A. A female with a large flap of skin that has been torn loose from her scalp B. A female shot in the chest with "bubbling" coming from the wound as the patient breathes C. A male patient with a knife impaled in his right upper abdomen D. A male patient with a loop of intestine protruding from an open surgical wound
D. A male patient with a loop of intestine protruding from an open surgical wound
A patient was assaulted and sustained multiple injuries of various types. Which injury does the EMT recognize as presenting the greatest risk for infection? A. Contusion to the chin B. Closed crush injury to the knee C. Hematoma to the left foot D. Abrasion to the right side of the face
D. Abrasion to the right side of the face
You respond to a single-car accident in which an unrestrained 3-year-old child was thrown from the back seat into the windshield, striking his head. As your partner applies spine motion restriction precautions, you note that the child has a patent airway, is breathing well, and is alert and oriented; however, you also notice that blood and fluid are draining from his right ear. How would you treat the bleeding? A. Pack the external ear canal to control bleeding, being careful not to rupture the eardrum B. Quickly cover the ear with your gloved hand C. Apply a hemostatic agent to the ear canal D. Apply a dressing loosely over the ear to absorb the blood and fluid
D. Apply a dressing loosely over the ear to absorb the blood and fluid
You are called for an alert and oriented female who had a cesarean section several days ago. Today, the patient bent over and tore the surgical incision open. There is a moderate amount of bleeding coming from the site, but otherwise the patient is stable. What should the EMT do to control the bleeding? A. Pack sterile gauze dressings into the incision B. Place a saline-soaked bandage over the top of the incision C. Administer supplemental oxygen D. Apply a multitrauma dressing over the incision
D. Apply a multitrauma dressing over the incision
Direct pressure has failed to control an arterial bleed on a patient's lower leg caused by an industrial accident. What would the EMT's next action be? A. Provide immediate transport B. Splint the extremity C. Provide oxygen D. Apply a tourniquet
D. Apply a tourniquet
A construction worker has a metal rod impaled in his right forearm. Assessment of the injury indicates heavy bleeding from around the impaled object. What should you do first? A. Place a tourniquet above the injury site B. Apply pressure on the rod to stabilize it C. Attempt once to remove the metal rod D. Apply direct pressure around the rod
D. Apply direct pressure around the rod
A young female was involved in an altercation and stabbed in the abdomen with an ice pick. After being stabbed, she quickly removed the ice pick. She states that there was not much bleeding but does say it "stings" quite a bit. Assessment reveals a small puncture wound to the lower right quadrant with some dried blood around the site. Which best describes the primary focus of the EMT in caring for this patient? A. Preventing air from entering the abdominal cavity B. Assessing for underlying injury to the spleen C. Keeping the entry site clean and free of infection D. Assessing for internal blood loss or shock
D. Assessing for internal blood loss or shock
Emergency Medical Responders have removed an intoxicated and confused patient from a car that struck another vehicle at a high rate of speed. The patient was unrestrained and his car did not have air bags. Assessment reveals deformity bilaterally to the hips and femurs and bruising to the knees. Based on this injury pattern, the EMT would recognize which type of injury mechanism? A. High velocity B. Lateral impact C. Up and over D. Down and under
D. Down and under
While conducting field triage of injured patients, which of these is considered to be a "yellow criteria" for moderate risk for serious injury? A. Penetrating injury to the proximal extremity B. Need to apply a tourniquet to control bleeding C. Respiratory rate of 30/minute following traumatic injury D. Emergency medical service (EMS) provider judgment
D. Emergency medical service (EMS) provider judgment
Which piece of information would you provide to a group of young teenage drivers to decrease their chance of suffering a "whiplash"-type injury if involved in a motor vehicle collision? A. Properly wear seat belts with a headrest in the down position B. Make sure the car has side-door air bags C. Position the car's seats in a full upright position D. Ensure that the head rest is properly positioned
D. Ensure that the head rest is properly positioned
What is the best description of the goal of a trauma system? A. Providing all trauma patients with a complete battery of diagnostic tests and access to specialists B. Providing the highest level of care possible within a 10-minute transport time frame for all patients C. Transporting as many patients as possible by air medical transportation D. Getting the right patient to the right facility in the right amount of time
D. Getting the right patient to the right facility in the right amount of time
What is the term/phrase for maintaining awareness about the types of injuries a patient may have even though the patient presents as very stable? A. Trauma certainty B. Sense of injury potential C. Interpretation of bodily forces D. Index of suspicion
D. Index of suspicion
A hospital with what trauma care rating is MOST likely to attempt stabilization of critical trauma patients before transporting them to a facility with higher-level trauma capabilities? A. Level I B. Level V C. Level X D. Level IV
D. Level IV
A 40-year-old homeless male is found lying in the street. The physical examination reveals that the patient has a stab wound to the mid-chest. He is unresponsive and his skin is cool to the touch. His respirations are snoring at 40 breaths/min and his pulse is 120 beats/min. Which care should the EMT provide first? A. Apply a sterile dressing to the wound B. Start positive pressure ventilations C. Listen to breath sounds D. Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver
D. Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver
Your patient sustained an injury that amputated his left foot. What action is NOT an appropriate step in treatment of this type of injury? A. Flushing the foot with sterile water B. Wrapping the foot in a dry sterile dressing C. Bagging the foot in plastic D. Placing the foot directly into a cooler full of ice
D. Placing the foot directly into a cooler full of ice
A small metal rod was thrown from a metal lathe while it was in operation and is now impaled in a man's inner thigh. Assessment indicates that there is no active bleeding from the site, but the surrounding tissues are ecchymotic. The paramedic asks you to stabilize the rod with bulky dressings. You recognize this action is important because it will: A. Apply pressure to the broken blood vessels in the skin B. Prevent bacteria from entering into the body C. Control any internal hemorrhage that may be occurring D. Prevent motion of the rod and further worsen any internal injury
D. Prevent motion of the rod and further worsen any internal injury
In a frontal collision, at what rate does the occupant continue forward? A. A rate slower than that of the vehicle B. None, since the driver has already stopped C. A rate faster than that of the vehicle D. The rate of the vehicle
D. The rate of the vehicle
While cleaning a gun, a 44-year-old man accidentally shot himself in the abdomen. On your arrival at the scene, the patient is responsive to painful stimuli and lying on his side, with his legs drawn to his chest. Blood is evident on his shirt and pants. The vital signs are minimally acceptable and the pulse oximeter reading is 94%. What is the correct sequence of events when caring for this patient?
Perform the primary assessment, administer supplemental oxygen, perform the secondary assessment, transfer the patient to the stretcher, and provide rapid transport
