emt chap 28

leave his helmet and shoulder pads in place.

A high school football player was injured during a tackle and complains of neck and upper back pain. He is conscious and alert and is breathing without difficulty. The EMT should:

axial loading.

A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:

retrograde amnesia.

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:

3

A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?

it interferes with your assessment of the airway.

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:

a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:

a rapid, thready pulse.

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cerebellum.

Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:

suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:

instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.

During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, irregular breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should:

14

Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of:

hangings.

Hyperextension injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of:

involves physical injury to the brain tissue.

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:

may be an indicator of deeper, more serious injuries.

Lacerations to the scalp:

it causes a problem managing the airway.

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:

eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:

establish an adequate airway.

The MOST important immediate treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is to:

peripheral

The _________ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

autonomic

The body's functions that occur without conscious effort are regulated by the _________ nervous system.

brain and spinal cord.

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:

7

The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae.

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

the four-person log roll.

The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:

Somatic

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

pupillary constriction.

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:

determine if the strength in all extremities is equal.

When assessing a conscious patient with an MOI that suggests spinal injury, you should:

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:

level of consciousness.

When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is MOST important to monitor the patient's:

avoid excessive pressure when applying the bandage.

When controlling bleeding from a scalp laceration with a suspected underlying skull fracture, you should:

place padding under the child's shoulders as needed.

When immobilizing a child on a long backboard, you should:

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:

jaw-thrust maneuver.

When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:

head

When placing a patient onto a long backboard, the EMT at the patient's _________ is in charge of all patient movements.

Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea

Which of the following breathing patterns is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure?

Linear

Which of the following skull fractures would be the LEAST likely to present with palpable deformity or other outward signs?

A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization.

Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is correct?

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?

Eighty percent of the cranium is occupied by brain tissue.

Which of the following statements regarding the cranium is correct?

bacterial meningitis.

You are assessing a man who has a head injury and note that cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from his ear. You should recognize that this patient is at risk for:

slow.

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is: