EMT Chapter 12 | Shock

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? A. Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation B. Widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection C. Viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction D. Bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation

A. Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? A. En route to the hospital B. Prior to transport C. During the primary assessment D. Immediately after the injuries are discovered

A. En route to the hospital

Neurogenic shock occurs when: A. Failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. B. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging. C. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container. D. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury.

A. Failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: A. cardiogenic hypoperfusion. B. severe septic hypoperfusion. C. acute myocardial infarction. D. a ruptured aortic aneurysm.

A. cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________. A. compensated shock B. decompensated shock C. late shock D. irreversible shock

A. compensated shock

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: A. determine if she was injured when she fainted. B. provide emotional support regarding her sister. C. advise her that she needs to go to the hospital. D. obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history.

A. determine if she was injured when she fainted.

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: A. the skin. B. the heart. C. the brain. D. the lungs.

A. the skin.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? A. Bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation B. Widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection C. Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation D. Viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction

B. Widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: A. administer 100% supplemental oxygen. B. apply direct pressure to the wound. C. assess the rate and quality of his pulse. D. immediately evaluate his airway.

B. apply direct pressure to the wound.

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: A. immediately evaluate his airway. B. apply direct pressure to the wound. C. assess the rate and quality of his pulse. D. administer 100% supplemental oxygen.

B. apply direct pressure to the wound.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: A. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. C. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. D. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.

B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: A. acute myocardial infarction. B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion. C. severe septic hypoperfusion. D. a ruptured aortic aneurysm.

B. cardiogenic hypoperfusion.

Regulation of blood flow is determined by: A. oxygen intake. B. cellular need. C. systolic pressure. D. diastolic pressure.

B. cellular need.

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to: A. administer high-flow oxygen. B. check her airway for obstructions. C. move her to the ambulance stretcher. D. ventilate her with a bag-valve mask.

B. check her airway for obstructions.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: A. advise her that she needs to go to the hospital. B. determine if she was injured when she fainted. C. obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history. D. provide emotional support regarding her sister.

B. determine if she was injured when she fainted.

Neurogenic shock occurs when: A. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury. B. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. C. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container. D. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging.

B. failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: A. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. B. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. C. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away. D. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack.

B. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________. A. hypotension B. shock C. perfusion D. hypoxia

B. shock

Neurogenic shock is caused by: A. low volume. B. fluid collecting around the spinal cord, causing compression of the cord. C. a radical change in the size of the vascular system. D. massive vasoconstriction.

C. a radical change in the size of the vascular system.

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. rapid, shallow breathing. B. cool and clammy skin. C. absent peripheral pulses. D. restlessness or anxiety.

C. absent peripheral pulses.

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: A. septic shock. B. neurogenic shock. C. cardiogenic shock. D. anaphylactic shock.

C. cardiogenic shock.

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to: A. move her to the ambulance stretcher. B. administer high-flow oxygen. C. check her airway for obstructions. D. ventilate her with a bag-valve mask.

C. check her airway for obstructions.

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: A. take his vital signs in 15 minutes. B. arrange for an ALS rendezvous. C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes. D. repeat your secondary assessment.

C. reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

6 Correct 1.00 points out of 1.00 Not flaggedFlag question Question text You are called to a construction site where a 27-year-old worker has fallen from the second floor. He landed on his back and is drifting in and out of consciousness. A quick assessment reveals no bleeding or blood loss. His blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg with a pulse rate of 110 beats/min. His airway is open and breathing is within normal limits. You realize the patient is in shock. The patient's shock is due to an injury to the: A. skull. B. cervical vertebrae. C. spinal cord. D. peripheral nerves.

C. spinal cord.

Basic causes of shock include: A. poor pump function. B. blood or fluid loss. C. blood vessel dilation. D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

The action of hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulates _____ to maintain pressure in the system and, as a result, perfusion of all vital organs. A. an increase in heart rate B. an increase in the strength of cardiac contractions C. vasoconstriction in nonessential areas D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? A. High-flow oxygen administration B. Full immobilization of her spine C. Intravenous fluid administration D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct? A. Anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen. B. Sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure. C. Anaphylactic shock is caused by immune system failure due to a toxic exposure. D. Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

D. Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction.

You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: A. arrange for an ALS rendezvous. B. take his vital signs in 15 minutes. C. repeat your secondary assessment. D. reassess his condition in 5 minutes.

D. reassess his condition in 5 minutes.