EMT Chapter 27: Soft-Tissue Injuries

A 5 year old boy was burned when he pulled a barbecue grill over on himself. He has partial- and full-thickness burns to his anterior chest and the circumferentially on both arms. What percentage of his BSA has been burned?

27%

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

Assess distal circulation and readjust the bandages as needed

Which of the following statements regarding chemical burns is FALSE? A. Most chemical burns are caused by string acids or alkalis B. Fumes of the strong chemicals can cause burns to the respiratory tract. C. Prior to removing a dry chemical, you should flush the area with sterile water D. You should not attempt to neutralize an acid burn with an alkaline chemical

C. Prior to removing a dry chemical, you should flush the area with sterile water

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old? A. Superficial burn covering 50% of the BSA B. Circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest C. Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the body surface area D. Full-thickness burn to 5% of the BSA

Circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

A closed-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

Contusion

Which of the following is considered a severe burn? A. Any full-thickness burn B. 20% partial-thickness burn C. 10% full-thickness burn with abrasions D. 5% full-thickness burn with a fracture

D. 5% full-thickness burn with a fracture

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

Epidermis

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the: A. Mouth B. Nose C. Lips D. Anus

Lips

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct? A. The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA B. A child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total BSA C. The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total BSA D. The posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the BSA

The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

an air embolism

What is an abrasion?

an injury that rubs off the surface of the skin

The MOST appropriate way to dress and bandage an open abdominal wound with a loop and bowel protruding from it is to:

apply a moist, sterile dressing to the wound and secure with an occlusive dressing

When treating a patient with partial-thickness burn, you should:

avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics

An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):

avulsion

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

brush away the chemical before flushing with water

In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:

carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.

The primary reason for applying a sterile dressing to an open injury is to:

control external bleeding

A young male was struck in the forearm with a baseball and complains of pain to the area. Slight swelling and ecchymosis are present, but no external bleeding. Which type of injury does this describe?

contusion

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

dermal layer

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin? A. Scalp B. Ears C. Back D. Soles of the feet

ears

Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. immobilization of the injury B. control of external hemorrhage C. prevention of contamination D. protection from further injury

immobilization of the injury

In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

infection

A hematoma develops when:

large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.

An abdominal evisceration:

occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

A 45 year old convience store clerk was shot in the right anterior chest during a robbery. Your assessment reveals that the wound has blood bubbling from it every time the patient breaths. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

prevent air from entering the wound

When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to:

remain alert for severe underlying injuries

What is an avulsion?

separation of various layers of soft tissue so that they become either completely detached or hang as a flap

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

superficial burn

Functions of the skin include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. regulation of body temperature B. the production of key antibodies C. maintenance of water balance D. sending information to the brain

the production of key antibodies

What effects will the application of an ice pack have on a hematoma?

vasoconstriction and decreases bleeding