EMT Chapter 5 Part 2

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

100 mL

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20%

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?

5.60 L

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

Air splint

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?

Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

arterioles.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations.

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the:

circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should:

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

follow appropriate standard precautions.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

hematemesis.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

how rapidly he or she bleeds.

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

pain and distention.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

preparing for immediate transport.

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:

repeat the primary assessment.

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

shock.

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen.

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:

splinting the extremity.

When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should:

stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

systolic blood pressure.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid fluid loss.

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

veins are under a lower pressure.

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:

weakness or dizziness.