EMT EXAM

The hypoxic respiratory drive works by monitoring:

oxygen levels.

Which of the following physiological responses helps protect the body from overheating:

peripheral vasodilation.

When there are signs and symptoms that your patient is hypoxic, you should:

Administer oxygen at 15 lpm via nonrebreather mask.

You are caring for a patient who was ejected during a single vehicle rollover. The patient responds incoherently to verbal commands. You should first:

Assess the patient's airway.

Which of the following conditions would most likely cause hypovolemic shock? A. a spinal cord injury. B. laceration of the liver. C. insulin shock. D. appendicitis.

B. laceration of the liver.

Your 5-year-old patient is unresponsive. A carotid pulse is present at 40 beats per minute. Breaths are shallow at six per minute. You should immediately:

Begin chest compressions.

Which of the following is the most frequent cause of airway obstruction?

The tongue.

Shallow respirations and bradypnea will likely cause:

a decrease in minute volume.

You are first on the scene of an overturned container truck. You note a placard, but do not recognize the ID number. There is fluid leaking from the vehicle. You should:

notify your dispatcher a hazardous materials team is needed.

A 16-year-old male is unconscious following an assault. When you insert an OPA, the patient begins gagging. You should:

remove the airway and prepare to suction as needed.

Epinephrine stimulates which of the following physiological effects?

tachycardia.

When caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency, remember:

the behavior may be caused by a physiological condition.

The rapid extrication technique should be used at a motor vehicle accident when:

the patient has life-threatening injuries.

You are transporting a pregnant patient from an urgent care center to a high-risk OB facility. The transferring physician tells you the patient may have an abruptio placenta. This means:

the placenta is prematurely separating from the uterine wall.

Your patient has a partial thickness burn to his anterior chest. It is about the size of the palm of his hand. What is the approximate total body surface area of the burn?

1%

You are caring for a six-year-old patient with respiratory distress. The pulse oximeter (Sa02) reads 93%. Your management of the patient should include:

Administer sufficient oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of at least 94%.

Treatment should begin at a mass casualty incident:

After triage has been completed.

You are dispatched for a possible CVA. Upon arrival, you determine the patient is responsive to painful stimuli. Which of the following should be assessed first for this patient?

Airway.

A nonrebreather mask should be administered to patients who:

Are breathing adequately with signs of hypoxia.

Which of the following describes the purpose of administering aspirin to a suspected myocardial infarction patient?

Aspirin reduces platelet aggregation in the coronary arteries.

An elderly patient reportedly collapsed on a golf course almost 10 minutes ago. You assess her level of consciousness and determine she is unresponsive. Which of the following should you do first:

Assess pulse and begin CPR if needed.

During a hazardous materials incident, you should take standard precautions:

Before making contact with the patient.

Nerve agents and choking agents are examples of:

Chemical agents.

Which of the following provides oxygenated blood directly to the heart?

Coronary arteries.

The primary assessment of an adult with chest pain includes:

Determine the transport priority.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce respiratory distress by:

Helping to keep the alveoli open.

While attempting to restrain a combative patient, your partner was bitten on the arm. Which of the following is true of bite wounds?

Human bites pose a high risk of infection.

Inadequate oxygen delivery to the body's tissues is called:

Hypoxia.

You are called for a 6-month-old infant with respiratory distress. Which of the following is true about patients in this age group?

Infants are obligate nose breathers.

The foramen magnum:

Is an opening at the base of the skull.

Which of the following interventions should be performed first for an unresponsive patient with a suspected spinal cord injury?

Jaw thrust maneuver.

Which of the following findings indicates partial obstruction of the upper airway?

Stridor.

Your patient exhibits crepitus to the thorax, paradoxical motion and signs of hypoxia. You should suspect:

a flail chest.

Which of the following patients should be your highest transport priority?

a partial-thickness burn with respiratory compromise.

You are dispatched to a neighborhood park on a warm day for an 8-year-old with difficulty breathing. You find the patient breathing adequately but with some accessory muscle use. You note expiratory wheezes and a persistent cough. You suspect the patient is experiencing:

an asthma attack.

Your patient has severe bleeding to her forearm. If direct pressure does not control the bleeding, you should immediately:

apply a tourniquet.

While assessing an unresponsive patient, you discover a penetrating wound to the anterior chest. You should first:

apply an occlusive dressing.

You are caring for a confused and restless 16-year-old female with blunt chest trauma following a single vehicle accident. She complains of dyspnea and orthopnea. You note a reduced tidal volume, cyanosis and tachycardia. Which of the following should be done first?

Begin positive pressure ventilations.

Carbon monoxide exposure is dangerous because it:

Reduces delivery of oxygen.

Which of the following is true regarding the Emergency Response Guide (ERG):

The ERG helps identify the evacuation distance for specific hazardous materials.

You are caring for a multi-system trauma patient with possible internal bleeding. Select the correct statement about the rapid scan for a multi-system trauma patient:

The rapid scan is used to identify life-threatening conditions.

Your patient has been exposed to a chemical that over-stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. You would expect this patient to exhibit:

Vomiting.

Your pediatric patient has spontaneous respirations. This means the patient is breathing:

Without assistance.

Your patient has partial-thickness burns over a large surface area. You should:

apply a dry, sterile burn sheet.

Which of the following signs of hypoxia is more common in pediatric patients?

bradycardia

In unresponsive patients over one year of age, you should palpate the:

carotid pulse

Shock is caused by:

inadequate tissue perfusion.

While working out at the gym, you witness someone collapse. The patient is apneic with a pulse. You begin performing mouth-to-mask ventilations. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?

16%

When a pulse oximeter is available, how should oxygen be administered to a patient experiencing chest pain?

Administer oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of at least 94%.

You are dispatched to a soccer game for a 12-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. Upon arrival, the patient's mother hands you an epinephrine auto-injector. You should:

Begin the primary assessment.

Which of the following is true during inhalation of a spontaneously breathing patient?

There is a drop in pressure within the thorax.

You are caring for an unresponsive diabetic patient with deep, rapid respirations. The patient's blood glucose is 480 mg/dL. What is the most likely cause of this patient's hyperventilations?

This patient is likely hyperventilating due to severe acidosis.

You are the first ambulance on the scene of a motor vehicle accident. Your first action upon arrival should be to:

assess the scene for hazards.

Which of the following adult patients is breathing adequately? A. a patient with respirations at 16 per minute and equal chest rise and fall. B. a patient with rapid, shallow respirations. C. a patient with shallow respirations at 8 per minute. D. a patient with snoring respirations and cyanosis.

A. a patient with respirations at 16 per minute and equal chest rise and fall.

You are treating a 35-year-old man who was stung by a bee. He is allergic to bees and has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector. His breath sounds are clear and non-labored. His BP is 130/82. How should you manage this patient?

Assess the patient for signs of hypoxia, administer oxygen as needed, and transport.

You respond to a preschool facility for an ill child. Upon arrival, you find an unresponsive 8-month-old. The infant has a palpable pulse of 50 beats per minute. Your next action should be to:

Begin chest compressions.

You are dispatched to the local jail for a prisoner found unresponsive in her cell. Her airway is clear. Respirations are rapid and shallow. The pulse oximeter (SaO2) reads 90%. Your first action should be to:

Begin positive pressure ventilations.

To determine if CPR is indicated for an unresponsive patient less than one year of age, you should assess the:

Brachial pulse.

Your patient is unresponsive following blunt trauma to the head. Which of the following is the EMT's first priority for an unresponsive patient?

Determine if CPR is indicated.

Your 6-year-old patient jumped from a swing and injured his right leg. You note deformity to the right leg above the ankle. The patient most likely has a fracture to the:

Distal tibia.

Which of the following statements about distributive shock is correct?

Distributive shock is caused by widespread vasodilation.

Which of the following is the first priority at a hazardous material incident?

Ensure your own safety.

How should you open the airway of an unresponsive patient with an unknown mechanism of injury?

Jaw-thrust maneuver

You are treating a patient with respiratory distress. He has a history of multiple myocardial infarctions. Lung sounds indicate pulmonary edema. You note the patient does NOT have any JVD or pedal edema. The patient is most likely experiencing:

Left heart failure.

Which of the following is considered a normal capillary refill time for infants and children?

Less than 2 seconds

Which of the following medications is intended to decrease myocardial workload and increase myocardial blood flow?

Nitroglycerin

You are considering administration of oral glucose to your diabetic patient. This drug is contraindicated when it:

Poses a significant risk of harm.

Life-threatening bleeding should be found and treated during the:

Primary assessment.

Your patient is a construction worker who fell from a residential rooftop. He is responsive to pain. Breaths are shallow and irregular. You should:

Provide artificial ventilations with a bag-mask device and high flow oxygen.

Which of the following vessels carries deoxygenated blood?

Pulmonary arteries.

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the:

Pulmonary veins.

You are caring for an apneic patient with a suspected overdose. You have loaded the patient into the ambulance and entered the patient compartment. You should first:

Put on your seat belt.

You are first on the scene of a motor vehicle collision involving multiple vehicles. Which of the following should you do first:

Request additional resources.

You are caring for a 22-year-old female who complains of respiratory distress after exercising. She is alert, speaking full sentences, and has a persistent cough. She is most likely experiencing:

Respiratory distress with adequate breathing.

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious in her apartment living room. While surveying the apartment, your partner yells from the patient's bedroom "she has an SVN machine in here". This suggests the patient has a history of:

Respiratory problems.

You are called for a drowning victim at a family barbecue. Upon arrival, two family members approach you yelling, swearing, and demanding to know what took so long. One of the family members pushes you. You should:

Retreat and request immediate assistance from law enforcement.

Which of the following signs of hypoxia is more commonly found in pediatric patients?

Seesaw respirations.

An elderly female reportedly had a severe headache for the last 24 hours. She was recently found unconscious in bed. Her family reports she has a history of hypertension and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). The patient's current condition is most likely due to:

a hemorrhagic stroke.

Your patient was injured during an industrial accident. He has an abdominal laceration with internal organs protruding. You should apply:

a moist, sterile dressing.

Your adult patient reportedly smoked an unknown substance and passed out. The patient has inadequate ventilations and your partner begins ventilating with the BVM. Which of the following is the best indicator your patient is being ventilated adequately?

adequate bilateral chest rise and fall during BVM ventilation.

A 36-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is anxious, has intercostal retractions and nasal flaring. Her respiratory rate is 24 breaths per minute. You do not have a pulse oximeter. You should:

administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm.

Your 67-year-old patient recently began taking a new medication. He is complaining of a sudden onset of severe respiratory distress. He quickly becomes semi-conscious and unable to follow verbal commands. His pulse oximeter (SaO2) is 89%. You should:

assist ventilations with a BVM.

Which of the following accurately describes supine hypotensive syndrome?

compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus.

You are on the scene of a motor vehicle accident. The driver is trapped in a vehicle that is leaking an unknown fluid. When is it appropriate to enter the vehicle and begin patient care?

do not enter until trained rescuers determine the vehicle is safe to enter.

The most common weapon of mass destruction used by terrorists is:

explosive weapons.

You and your partner are preparing to lift the stretcher into the ambulance with a 300-pount patient. To protect yourself from injury, you should:

keep your back straight and bend at the knees.

You are dispatched for a homeless person found unresponsive. You find the patient prone on the sidewalk unresponsive to pain. You should first:

log roll the patient into a supine position.

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma. You note air is escaping from the mouth and nose with each breath. You should:

manually seal the mouth and nose.

You are treating an unresponsive patient with slow, shallow respirations and pinpoint pupils. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

narcotic overdose.

You are caring for a 12-year-old who was injured at the neighborhood skate park. He was not wearing a helmet and is responsive to pain. You note snoring respirations and deformity to the left ankle. You should:

open the airway using a jaw-thrust maneuver.

Your 8-year-old patient has blunt chest trauma after being struck by a car. The patient is alert. His airway is clear, breathing is adequate, and pulses are present but weak at 110 beats per minute. Which of the following should you do next?

perform a rapid scan.

You are called for a 40-year-old female with a severe headache. She is 32 weeks pregnant. The patient history reveals she also has nausea, blurred vision and sudden edema in her face and hands. Her blood pressure is 156/96. The patient is most likely experiencing:

preeclampsia.

A patient with an isolated concussion injury will likely:

progressively improve over time.

You are conducting a primary assessment on an elderly fall victim who complains of hip pain. While assessing circulation, you should check:

pulses, external bleeding and skin condition.

Coordinating efforts through a unified command system at a mass casualty incident will likely:

reduce duplication of effort and freelancing.

You arrive at a residence for an ill person. A child opens the door and says his dad is locked in the bedroom with his gun. You should:

retreat to safety and request law enforcement.

A 30-year-old male was stabbed in the abdomen during an assault. The knife is impaled in his the right lower abdominal quadrant. It is important to:

stabilize the knife in place.

While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He is unable to speak, has a faint inspiratory stridor and cyanosis around the lips. You should:

stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts.

You are caring for a 3-year-old patient in cardiac arrest. What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for two-person CPR on this patient?

15 compressions to 2 ventilations.

An oropharyngeal airway is indicated for which of the following patients? A. a 35-year-old semiconscious patient. B. a 14-year-old conscious patient. C. a 22-year-old confused patient with dyspnea. D. a 44-year-old unconscious patient.

A. a 35-year-old semiconscious patient.