EMT Quiz 32

When immobilizing infants and​ children, it is important to​ remember:

. A* that if an automobile collision involves a child in a car​ seat, you cannot use that car seat to stabilize the child for transport. This is the correct answer. B. to pad from the shoulders to the heels of an infant or child to maintain neutral​ in-line immobilization. C. that​ adult-sized backboards and cervical collars can be modified to use with children. D. that if you do not have a cervical collar that​ fits, use one that is slightly larger.

While performing the primary assessment on a patient with an isolated spinal cord​ injury, you note that he is in severe respiratory distress and struggling to breathe. Where should you suspect the spinal cord injury has​ occurred?

. Lumbar spine B.* Cervical spine This is the correct answer. C. Diaphragm D. Thoracic spine

An elderly patient has fallen down a flight of stairs and is complaining of neck and back pain as well as weakness to both legs. The primary assessment reveals no life threats to the​ airway, breathing, or circulation. Manual in minus −line spinal stabilization is being maintained. Which of the following would the EMT do​ next?

. Place a cervical collar and immobilize to the long spine board. B.* Complete the secondary assessment looking for injuries. This is the correct answer. C. Place an oral airway and begin positive pressure ventilation. D. Apply high minus −concentration oxygen and move to the stretcher for transport.

What is the oxygenation guideline for a patient with a suspected spinal cord​ injury?

. Provide oxygen to keep the pulse ox greater than or equals ≥ 92 percent. B. Provide oxygen to keep the pulse ox greater than or equals ≥ 96 percent. C.* Provide oxygen to keep the pulse ox greater than or equals ≥ 94 percent. This is the correct answer. D. Provide oxygen to keep the pulse ox greater than or equals ≥ 98 percent

The EMS crew has decided that an unresponsive patient who was involved in an MVC needs to be rapidly extricated. What should the EMS providers do​ first?

. Roll the patient out of the open door laterally onto a backboard. B.* Provide manual​ in-line stabilization of the head. This is the correct answer. C. Apply a properly sized cervical collar. D. Place the patient on a backboard.

Fracture of the cervical spine at the atlas and axis is responsible for half of the fatal spine injuries.​ Why?

. Thoracic vertebrae are less mobile than cervical vertebrae. B. The atlas and axis are more easily crushed due to axial loading. C. The atlas and axis are exceptionally mobile and susceptible to fracture or dislocation. D.* The atlas and axis form the transition from the spinal cord to the brainstem. This is the correct answer.

During the assessment of a patient who was injured in an industrial​ accident, the EMT notes that the patient has priapism during the assessment of the pelvis. This finding​ suggests:

. airway occlusion. B.* spinal cord injury. This is the correct answer. C. brain injury. D. pelvic fracture.

A teenage boy was found by friends as he attempted to hang himself in a garage using chains suspended from the ceiling. As you​ approach, you note that the patient is​ conscious, struggling to​ breathe, and has contusions that encircle his neck from the chains. After taking manual in minus −line spinal stabilization and opening the​ airway, your next action would be​ to

. log roll him onto a long board. B. size and apply a cervical collar. C. perform a secondary assessment. D.* start positive pressure ventilation.

When applying a cervical spine immobilization collar​ (CSIC) to a young boy who fell out of a​ tree, the EMT realizes the collar benefits the patient​ by:

. maintaining manual in minus −line stabilization. B. preventing the head and neck from moving. C.* decreasing downward compression on the cervical spine. This is the correct answer. D. immobilizing the cervical spine.

For which of the following patients involved in a motor vehicle collision is the use of a vest minus −type short immobilization device​ indicated?

.* 33 minus −year minus −old female in the backseat who states that her neck hurts and she has a headache This is the correct answer. B. 41 minus −year minus −old male who was ejected and is lying supine in the roadway complaining of back pain C. 25 minus −year minus −old restrained driver who is unresponsive and has a history of diabetes and cardiac problems D. 15 minus −year minus −old female complaining of neck and back pain who was self minus −extricated and is standing next to the car

What area of the spinal cord is most commonly​ injured?

.* Cervical spine This is the correct answer. B. Thoracic spine C. Lumbar spine D. Sacral spine

Where should the pulse be evaluated​ at, during the PMS assessment of a patient who fell from the bed of a​ pickup?

.* Wrist and ankle This is the correct answer. B. Carotid and wrist C. Brachial and popliteal D. Carotid and ankle

Which one of the following instructions from one EMT to another shows the correct application of a cervical spine immobilization​ collar?

.* ​"Keep his head in neutral position while I apply the cervical spine immobilization​ collar." This is the correct answer. B. ​"Let's log roll the patient to one side so I can apply the cervical spine immobilization​ collar." C. ​"I need you to extend the​ patient's chin backward a little so I can fit the collar under his​ chin." D. ​"Carefully flex his head forward a little so I can pass the collar underneath his​ neck."

Based on the structure of the nervous​ system, which of the following is​ true?

A. A gunshot wound to the spinal cord will directly damage the peripheral nerves. B. A stroke represents an injury to the peripheral nervous system. C.* A deep laceration to the arm can sever peripheral nerves. This is the correct answer. D. Numbness in a fractured leg indicates damage to the autonomic nervous system.

You are assessing a patient who will need a cervical collar because of his possible neck injury. Of the following steps which should be done​ FIRST?

A. Apply the collar around the neck. B. Measure the collar size. C. Reassess​ pulses, motor​ function, and sensation. D.* Manually stabilize the spine.

A patient involved in a diving accident has his head positioned so that his left cheek is touching his left shoulder. He states that he has severe pain in his neck and it hurts to move his head. He denies​ numbness, tingling, or decreased strength in his arms or legs. Which one of the following is the​ EMT's best course of​ action?

A. Avoid use of a cervical collar or backboard and transport in the​ patient's current position. B.* Stabilize and maintain the head in the position in which the patient is holding it. This is the correct answer. C. Carefully straighten the head and neck so that a cervical collar can be placed. D. Avoid palpation of the cervical spine and apply a vest minus −type spinal immobilization device.

A patient injured in a motor vehicle collision is suffering from the separation of the rib and its associated spinal vertebrae. Based on the anatomy of the​ spine, where has this injury​ occurred?

A. Cervical spine B.* Thoracic spine This is the correct answer. C. Lumbar spine D. Middle spine

A young intoxicated male patient cannot move his left arm and leg after diving into the shallow end of a pool and hitting the bottom head first. The EMT would recognize which of the following mechanisms as most likely responsible for this​ injury?

A. Distraction B. Penetration C.* Compression This is the correct answer. D. Rotation

For which of the following reasons does spinal cord injury result in a hypotensive patient that is warm to the​ touch?

A. Due to disruption of the parasympathetic nervous system at the injury site causing vasoconstriction B. Due to disruption of the​ brainstem's autonomic control of respiration and heart rate resulting in tachycardia with increased peripheral perfusion C.* Due to disruption of the sympathetic nervous system at the injury site causing loss of vasomotor tone and vascular dilation This is the correct answer. D. Due to the resultant uncontrolled hormone releases from the adrenal medulla increasing metabolic activity

A patient is complaining of back pain and numbness to both legs after being thrown from a bicycle. When should the EMT first check the motor​ function, sensory​ function, and pulses in this​ patient?

A. During the primary assessment B. Immediately after application of a cervical collar C.* As the secondary assessment is performed This is the correct answer. D. Immediately after taking manual in minus −line spinal immobilization

Which injury is possible based on the anatomy of the​ spine?

A. Fracture to the ninth cervical vertebra B. Dislocation of lumbar vertebra number 6 C. Compression fracture to lumbar vertebra 12 D.* Disk injury between thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12

You are dispatched to the scene of an assault with police on the scene. You arrive to find a​ 28-year-old female victim who received a blow to the back of the head with a club and was robbed. The patient is sitting on the​ curb, conscious and well​ oriented, but is sobbing inconsolably. A bystander is holding a jacket on the​ patient's open wound but is NOT in control of the bleeding. The patient has a respiratory rate of 16 and a radial pulse of 92. Your partner takes manual control of the​ C-spine. Which of the following initial treatment plans would be MOST​ appropriate?

A. Give the bystander a sterile dressing and ask him to use firm​ pressure, apply pulse ox and administer oxygen​ accordingly, perform a rapid trauma​ assessment, and apply a cervical collar B. Have the bystander increase pressure on the​ jacket, apply pulse ox and administer supplemental oxygen​ accordingly, perform a rapid trauma​ assessment, and apply a cervical collar C. Control bleeding with an absorbent dressing​ tightly-wrapped, administer high flow oxygen via a nonrebreather​ mask, perform a rapid trauma​ assessment, begin clearance of the​ spine, and immobilize accordingly D.* Control bleeding with a loosely bandaged absorbent​ dressing, administer high flow oxygen via a nonrebreather​ mask, perform a rapid trauma​ assessment, apply a cervical​ collar, a pulse​ ox, and titrate oxygen

You have been called to a public building for a 32 minus −year minus −old male patient who fell down a flight of stairs. As you pull​ up, he walks to the ambulance and states that he would like to be looked at because his shoulder and lower back hurt. You immediately take in minus −line manual spinal stabilization and examine his​ back, which reveals no sign of injury. How should you immobilize this​ patient?

A. Have the patient lie on the ground and immobilize in the usual fashion. B. Place a cervical collar on the patient and transfer him to the stretcher. C. Place the long board on the stretcher and carefully assist the patient onto the long board. D.* Place a long board behind the patient and immobilize in a standing position.

The EMT is caring for a patient who has a problem with the autonomic component of his nervous system. Which sign or symptom would most likely be caused by this​ condition?

A. Inability to move facial muscles B. Difficulty walking C. Trouble remembering his name D.* Elevated heart rate This is the correct answer.

Why is it critical that the decision to apply spinal immobilization be based on MOI rather than clinical​ presentation?

A. It takes up to 3 hours for neurological deficits to become apparent. B.* Only 15 % % of patients with fractured or dislocated spinal columns show neurological deficits. This is the correct answer. C. Fine neurological deficits are often not tested for or are overlooked in the field. D. Reliable neurological testing cannot be conducted on intoxicated patients.

Which injury that may result in spinal cord damage would you be most likely to encounter while treating a teenager who attempted to hang himself in his​ garage?

A. Lateral bending of the spine B. Rotation injury of the axis C. Rupturing of disks of the cervical vertebrae D.* Distraction injury to the cervical spine Distraction occurs when the vertebrae and spinal cord are stretched and pulled apart. This is common in hangings. Lateral bending of the cervical spine would be more likely in an automobile​ accident, as would a rotational injury. Rupturing of vertebrae would likely occur in a spinal compression type​ accident, such as diving.

You arrive on the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Walking toward you is the unrestrained driver of the vehicle that sustained moderate front minus −end damage. The patient complains of some back​ pain, but is walking around after the crash and does not appear to be suffering from any neurological deficits. What is your initial action in caring for this​ patient?

A. Obtain the​ patient's vital signs. B.* Take manual in minus −line spinal stabilization. This is the correct answer. C. Perform the primary assessment. D. Look for injuries to the​ patient's back.

Which finding at a​ two-car MVC would be MOST consistent with the patient likely having damage to her head and​ neck?

A. Rear impact with minimal damage to either car B. Lateral impact with the patient suffering a concurrent humerus and forearm fracture C. Frontal impact with evidence of front and side airbag deployment D.* Frontal impact with a starburst mark on the​ driver's side windshield

What tool is recommended for removing the plastic clips of a football helmet so that the face mask can be​ removed?

A. Screwdriver B. Seatbelt cutter C.* Gardening pruning tool This is the correct answer. D. EMT shears

A patient has just been log rolled and positioned onto the long backboard. Which one of the following care measures should be performed​ next?

A. Secure the​ patient's head. B. Release manual in minus −line stabilization. C. Apply a properly sized cervical collar. D.* Secure the​ patient's chest with straps.

As a backup unit on a​ multiple-car collision, you are assigned to care for an infant who is still in his car​ seat, locked into the backseat of the car. As you prepare this patient for​ transport, which statement is MOST​ accurate?

A. The infant can be secured and transported in the car seat if the infant presents without any life threats. B.* The infant should be removed from the car seat and immobilized to a backboard. This is the correct answer. C. The infant should be immobilized on the same backboard as a parent to keep the infant calm. D. The infant should be transported to the hospital via​ air-medical, since infants often deteriorate rapidly. If you are at an automobile collision involving a child in a car​ seat, you cannot use that car seat to stabilize the child for transport. Car seats involved in crashes may have lost structural integrity and may not provide protection to the child if another crash were to occur. Transfer the child to a​ backboard, but not the same one as a parent. Air transport may or may not be indicated.

What is NOT considered to be an indication for providing rapid extrication to a patient who was involved in an​ MVC?

A. The patient is hypotensive and tachycardic. B. The engine compartment is smoking. C.* Suspected​ high-impact collision speed This is the correct answer. D. The patient blocks your access to a second patient in the car who is critically injured. There are times when you will have to move a patient with a suspected spine injury before immobilizing him to a long backboard or even to a short spinal device. The three situations in which such movement is permissible are as​ follows: The scene is not safe​ (because of the threat of fire or​ explosion, chemical​ spills, or​ gunfire, for​ example); the​ patient's condition is so unstable that you need to move and transport him​ immediately, such as an unresponsive​ patient; or the patient blocks your access to a​ second, more seriously injured patient. It is not necessary to do rapid extrication for stable patients or multiple patients in the car if they are also stable.

For a person to make a​ fist, which one of the following must​ occur?

A. The peripheral nervous system must send a message to the brain and then back through the peripheral nervous system. B. The central nervous system must send a message through the spinal cord and then to the autonomic nervous system. C. The muscles must signal the brain to send a message through the autonomic nervous system. D.* The central nervous system must send a message through the spinal cord and then to the peripheral nerves.

An Emergency Medical Responder reports that a male​ patient, injured while playing​ football, has bruising to the lumbar area of the back. Based on this​ statement, the EMT should expect to find bruising in which​ area?

A. Upper back B.* Lower back This is the correct answer. C. Neck D. Buttocks

You have arrived on a shooting where a middle minus −aged male has suffered a single gunshot wound to the abdomen. As you approach the​ patient, you note that he is sitting up and talking with the police officer holding a blood minus −soaked towel over the left upper quadrant of his abdomen. Your initial action in caring for this patient is​ to

A. expose the abdomen to assess the gunshot wound. B. obtain a pulse​ rate, respiratory​ rate, blood​ pressure, and SpO2. C.* take manual in minus −line spinal stabilization. This is the correct answer. D. determine the need for airway management.

The number one​ engine-related concern when extricating a victim from a vehicle that has been involved in a frontal collision​ is:

A. fuel leaks. B. electrical short. C. battery acid. D.* fire.

Assessment of the cervical spine of a​ patient, complaining of lower back pain after falling down five​ stairs, reveals no​ displacement, tenderness, or instability.​ Accordingly, the EMT​ should:

A. inform the team that immobilization is not needed. B.* apply a properly sized cervical collar. This is the correct answer. C. immobilize to a backboard without a cervical collar. D. release manual in minus −line spinal stabilization.

A patient is being extricated from a car using a vest minus −type short immobilization device. After the patient has been​ extricated, the EMT​ should:

A. place the patient in a semi minus −​Fowler's position on the stretcher for transport to the hospital. B. secure the patient and vest device in a supine position on the stretcher with the legs flexed. C.* immobilize the patient with the vest minus −type short immobilization device to a long backboard. This is the correct answer. D. remove the vest minus −type short immobilization device and secure the patient to a long backboard.

You arrive on the scene of a two minus −car motor vehicle collision. The patient was the unrestrained driver of a car that struck another from behind at 25 mph. In the course of the​ collision, the patient flew forward and struck the windshield with his head. No air bags were deployed. The patient extricated himself and denies​ head, neck, or back​ pain; however, you do note a small cut on his​ hand, which occurred as he was getting out of the car. When asked about preexisting medical problems he tells you that he did have herniated disks in his lumbar spine that were surgically repaired several years ago. Based on​ this, your strongest reason to fully immobilize this patient would​ be:

A. self minus −extrication of the patient. B.* mechanism of injury. This is the correct answer. C. laceration to the hand. D. history of back surgery.

While transporting a 38 minus −year minus −old female who fell from a second minus −story ​window, you note that she is becoming confused and her pulse rate is increasing.​ Additionally, her blood pressure has dropped and her skin is now cool and clammy. Based on these assessment findings you would​ recognize:

A. spinal shock. B. head injury. C. neurogenic shock. D.* hypovolemic shock.

The EMT is assessing the back of a patient with a suspected spinal injury. All of the following may be detected upon visual​ inspection, EXCEPT:

A. swelling around the spinal column. B. blunt or penetrating trauma. C. deformity or evidence of trauma. D.* muscle spasms or tenderness.

You have been called for a patient with severe back pain. When obtaining a medical​ history, he tells you that he has a history of damaged disks in his vertebrae. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, you should recognize that​ the:

A. vertebrae making up the spinal column were fractured. B. nerves making up the spinal cord have been damaged. C.* fluid minus −filled structures between the vertebrae have been injured. This is the correct answer. D. ligaments on the side of the spinal column were overstretched.

A temporary condition in which the patient loses the ability to move voluntary muscles and typically loses bowel and bladder control is​ called:

A. vertebral concussion. B. neurolysis. C. priapism. D.* spinal shock.

Which one of the following shows that the EMT is correctly assessing motor function in the arms of a patient with potential spine​ injuries?

A. ​"I am going to move your​ arm; tell me if it​ hurts." B. ​"Can you tell me what finger I am​ touching?" C. ​"I am going to feel for a pulse in your​ wrist." D.* ​"I need you to flex both arms across your​ chest."

Which one of the following statements about the care and treatment of a patient with a spinal injury in the prehospital setting is​ true?

A. ​"It is important to identify the site of spinal injury so the proper prehospital care can be​ rendered." B.* ​"Prehospital care for the patient with a spine injury involves immobilization and the identification of life minus −threatening ​conditions." This is the correct answer. C. ​"Before transporting the critically injured patient with a spinal​ injury, the EMT must perform a detailed neurological assessment from head to​ toe." D. ​"If a patient has a possible spine injury but is in​ shock, it is permissible to forego immobilization since this takes time from definitive care in the​ hospital."

Which one of the following statements about removing a helmet in the prehospital setting is​ true?

A. ​"Since helmets should never be​ removed, the EMT must be creative in providing care around the obstacle of a​ helmet." B.* ​"It is acceptable to leave the helmet on a patient if the patient has no airway or breathing​ problems." This is the correct answer. C. ​"Helmets should only be removed if they are too tight or spinal immobilization will be​ required." D. ​"Any patient wearing a helmet should have it removed so the airway and breathing can be properly​ assessed."

What desired minimal pulse oximeter reading does the EMT want to maintain in a patient with a spinal cord​ injury?

A. ​90% or more B. ​96% or more C.* ​94% or more This is the correct answer. D. ​88% or more Oxygen saturation as evidenced by the pulse oximeter should be maintained at 94 percent or more with the use of supplemental oxygen.

What disorder results in​ warm, dry​ skin; a normal pulse​ rate; and relative​ hypovolemia?

A. ​Brown-S é équard syndrome B. Hypotensive crisis C. Spinal shock D.* Neurogenic hypotension Neurogenic hypotension results from an injury to the spinal cord that interrupts nerve impulses to the arteries. When the arteries lose nervous impulses from the brain and spinal​ cord, they relax and dilate. This vasodilation causes relative hypovolemia within the circulatory​ system; that​ is, there is more space than there is blood to fill the arteries. Because of​ this, the patient becomes hypotensive. Spinal shock is a temporary​ concussion-like insult to the spinal cord that causes effects below the level of the injury.​ Brown-Séquard syndrome results from injury to the right or left half of the cord and a hypotensive crisis is simply a condition in which the blood pressure is dangerously low.

You are securing a patient to the long backboard. The appropriate order for securing the straps would​ be:

A. ​head, chest,​ pelvis, legs. B.* ​chest, pelvis, legs and head. This is the correct answer. C. ​legs, head,​ chest, pelvis. D. ​head, legs,​ chest, pelvis.

Approximately what percentage of patients who suffer a MOI sufficient to fracture or dislocate the vertebral column will have a neurological​ deficit?

A.* 15 % % This is the correct answer. B. 85 % % C. 43 % % D. 50 % % Fourteen to fifteen percent of patients who have spinal column fractures or dislocations will have a spinal cord injury that results in neurological deficits​ (motor or sensory​ dysfunction). This means that 85 to 86 percent of the patients who have a spinal fracture or dislocation will not present with a neurological deficit.

You have been called for an 87 minus −year minus −old male who fell in his kitchen while making breakfast. He states that he did hit his forehead but managed to catch himself on the way down and did not hit the ground hard. Your assessment reveals him to have kyphosis of the thoracic and cervical​ spine, but no neurological deficits. Which action is appropriate given these assessment​ findings?

A.* Apply a rigid collar and prepare the patient for any discomfort that the collar may cause. This is the correct answer. B. Avoid application of a rigid collar due to the natural deformity of the cervical spine. C. Disregard application of a rigid collar since the patient has no neurological deficits. D. Place a soft cervical collar instead of the rigid cervical spine immobilization collar.

You are dispatched to the scene of a​ shallow-water diving accident. While en​ route, which of the following would you consider to be the MOST likely result of this method of​ injury?

A.* Axial loading of the cervical spine This is the correct answer. B. Hyperextension of the cervical spine C. Excessive rotation of the cervical spine D. Hyperflexion of the cervical spine

What are two critical findings in a patient who has a spinal cord injury in the cervical region of the spinal​ cord?

A.* Hypotension and inadequate breathing This is the correct answer. B. Decreasing blood glucose level​ (BGL) and decreasing pulse oximeter reading C. Tachycardia and tachypnea D. Altered mental status and hypertension The two most critical findings in a patient with a spinal cord injury in the cervical region would be hypotension​ (hypoperfusion) and inadequate breathing. Because of the high level of the cord​ injury, the nerves from the brainstem to the respiratory muscles and blood vessels may be​ severed, the patient will have difficulty in​ breathing, and the blood vessels will dilate and cause hypotension. Tachycardia is not common in spinal cord​ injuries; nor is hypertension or a dropping blood glucose level.

A male driver was ejected from his vehicle after it rolled several times at a high rate of speed. As you approach the patient you note that he is unresponsive and struggling to breathe. He also has a laceration to the left side of his face and multiple contusions to his legs. After assigning another EMT to take manual in minus −line spinal​ stabilization, what should you​ do?

A.* Open the airway using the jaw minus −thrust maneuver. This is the correct answer. B. Start positive pressure ventilation. C. Apply a properly sized cervical collar. D. Insert an oropharyngeal airway.

You have a patient with a spinal cord​ injury, as evidenced by paralysis of the legs. The patient has become​ unresponsive, and you note sonorous airway sounds. What should you​ do?

A.* Open the airway with a​ jaw-thrust maneuver. This is the correct answer. B. Insert an OPA airway if there is no gag reflex. C. Initiate PPV with oxygen at a rate of 10 to 12 per minute. D. Provide full immobilization on a backboard before managing the patient any further.

A 42 minus −year minus −old man has called 911 because of severe back pain. He informs you that his back pain is related to a recent fracture of his coccyx. Based on this​ information, where should the EMT expect the patient to be complaining of​ pain?

A.* Pelvic area This is the correct answer. B. Lower back C. Neck D. Upper back

Assessment of a young girl who was hit while riding her bike reveals her to be responsive to painful stimuli with flexion of the extremities and in respiratory distress. There is marked deformity to her thoracic spine and bruising noted to her anterior chest and abdomen. She does not move her legs when a noxious stimulus is applied to the lower extremities. Manual in minus −line spinal stabilization is being held and a cervical collar has been applied. Given the critical nature of this​ patient, which one of the following is most appropriate for her​ care?

A.* Take time to completely immobilize her to the long board on scene prior to rapid transport to the hospital. This is the correct answer. B. Rapidly transfer her to the stretcher with immobilization to the long board done en route to the hospital. C. Wait for family members to arrive and give consent for treatment prior to moving her to the stretcher for immediate transport. D. Transfer her to the long board already placed on the stretcher and secure with straps en route to the hospital.

Conflicting or confusing signs of spinal cord injury are typically the result​ of:

A.* incomplete cord injury. This is the correct answer. B. ​Brown-S é équard syndrome. C. anterior cord syndrome. D. central cord syndrome. Incomplete spinal cord injury occurs when the spinal cord is injured but not completely through all of the three major tracts​ (motor, light​ touch, and pain​ tracts). That means that some of the tracts are spared and retain function. Because some tracts are injured and some are​ not, the patient may present with conflicting or confusing signs of spinal cord injury. Some of the spinal cord is not​ injured; therefore, some function is retained. Although central cord​ syndrome, anterior cord​ syndrome, and​ Brown-Séquard syndrome are types of partial cord​ injuries, they have distinctive patterns of signs and symptoms.

A motorcyclist wearing a full helmet was thrown from his motorcycle after hitting a patch of oil. The bike had been traveling at a high rate of speed. Manual in minus −line spinal stabilization is being held by an off minus −duty EMT. The primary assessment reveals the patient to be responsive to painful stimuli and breathing rapidly. His radial pulse is weak and fast. As you quickly scan his​ body, you note deformity to the left femur and lower leg. Your immediate action should be​ to:

A.* remove his helmet. This is the correct answer. B. apply a cervical collar. C. place a nonrebreather face mask. D. expose his left lower extremity.

What instruction would you provide to your team immediately after securing a patient with​ head, neck, and back pain to the long​ backboard?

A.* ​"Check for pedal pulses before we move him to the​ stretcher." This is the correct answer. B. ​"Maintain manual in minus −line spinal stabilization until he is on the​ stretcher." C. ​"Loosen the collar so you can palpate the back of the​ neck." D. ​"Remove the chest strap so he can breathe easier now that his head and legs are​ secured."

A patient is lying under a tree after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. She states that immediately after the​ crash, she felt​ okay, but now her legs are numb and tingling. She also has lower back discomfort. What question is it most important for the EMT to ask​ first?

A.* ​"How did you get out of the​ car?" This is the correct answer. B. ​"Do you think that you had a​ seizure?" C. ​"Do you have a history of back​ problems?" D. ​"Are you allergic to any​ medications?"

A patient dove into a shallow pool and struck his head on the bottom. Your assessment findings indicate that he has no motor or sensation ability in his​ legs, but he can move his arms. The EMT should recognize which of the following​ conditions?

A.*v Paraplegia This is the correct answer. B. Tetraplegia C. Quadriplegia D. Hemiplegia