Endocrine..

The nurse is monitoring a client who has been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for signs of complications. Which statement made by the client would indicate hyperglycemia and thus warrant health care provider notification? 1."I am urinating a lot." 2."My pulse is really slow." 3."I am sweating for no reason." 4."My blood pressure is really high."

1. "I am urinating a lot."

The nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has Cushing's syndrome. Which statement by the client indicates that the instructions related to dietary management were understood? 1."I can eat foods that contain potassium." 2."I will need to limit the amount of protein in my diet." 3."I am fortunate that I can eat all the salty foods I enjoy." 4."I am fortunate that I do not need to follow any special diet."

1. "I can eat foods that contain potassium."

The nurse educator is asking the nursing student to recall the signs/symptoms of hypothyroidism. The nurse educator determines that the student understands this disorder if which are included in the student's response? Select all that apply. 1.Dry skin 2.Irritability 3.Palpitations 4.Weight loss 5.Constipation 6.Cold intolerance

1. Dry skin 5. Constipation 6. Cold intolerance

The nurse notes that a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has lipodystrophy on both upper thighs. Which further information should the nurse obtain from the client during data collection? 1.Plan for injection rotation 2.Consistency of aspiration 3.Preparation of the injection site 4.Angle at which the medication is administered

1. Plan for injection rotation.

The nursing instructor asks a student to describe the pathophysiology that occurs in Cushing's disease. Which statement by the student indicates an accurate understanding of this disorder? 1."Cushing's disease is characterized by an oversecretion of insulin." 2."Cushing's disease is characterized by an oversecretion of glucocorticoid hormones." 3."Cushing's disease is characterized by an undersecretion of corticotropic hormones." 4."Cushing's disease is characterized by an undersecretion of glucocorticoid hormones."

2. Crushing's disease is characterized by an oversecretion of glucocorticoid hormones.

The nurse is caring for a postoperative parathyroidectomy client. Which would require the nurse's immediate attention? 1.Incisional pain 2.Laryngeal stridor 3.Difficulty voiding 4.Abdominal cramps

2. Laryngeal stridor

The nurse is assisting with preparing a teaching plan for the client with diabetes mellitus regarding proper foot care. Which instruction should be included in the plan of care? 1.Soak the feet in hot water. 2.Avoid using soap to wash the feet. 3.Apply a moisturizing lotion to dry feet, but not between the toes. 4.Always have a podiatrist cut your toenails; never cut them yourself.

3. Apply a moisturizing lotion to dry feet, but not between the toes.

The nurse provides dietary instructions to a client with diabetes mellitus regarding the prescribed diabetic diet. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching? 1."I'll eat a balanced meal plan." 2."I need to drink diet soft drinks." 3."I need to buy special diabetic foods." 4.."I will snack on fruit instead of cake."

3. I need to buy special diabetic foods.

The nurse is reinforcing instructions with a client with diabetes mellitus who is recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) regarding measures to prevent a recurrence. Which instruction is important for the nurse to emphasize? 1.Eat six small meals daily. 2.Test the urine ketone levels. 3.Monitor blood glucose levels frequently. 4.Receive appropriate follow-up health care.

3. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently.

When the nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client who has been newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which statement by the client would indicate that teaching has been effective? 1."I will stop taking my insulin if I'm too sick to eat." 2."I will decrease my insulin dose during times of illness." 3."I will adjust my insulin dose according to the level of glucose in my urine." 4."I will notify my health care provider if my blood glucose level is consistently greater than 250 mg/dL."

4. "I will notify my health care provider if my blood glucose level is consistently greater than 250 mg/dL."

Male breast tissue development

Gynecomastia

Hormone oversecretion that occurs with pituitary tumors or tissue hyperplasia (tissue overgrowth)

Hyperpituitarism

Has a deficiency of one or more anterior pituitary hormones?

Hypopituitarism

Adenomas are classified by?

Size, invasiveness, and the hormone secreted

Posterior pituitary gland secretes?

Vasopressin

The binding of a hormone to a specific receptor site is an example of which endocrine process? a. "Lock and key" manner b. Negative feedback mechanism c. Neuroendocrine regulation d. "Fight or flight" response

a. "Lock and key" manner

Which hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland? (Select all that apply) a. Calcitonin b. Somatostatin c. Glucagon d. Thyroxine (T4) e. Aldosterone f. Triiodothyronine (T3)

a. Calcitonin d. Thyroxine (T4) f. Triiodothyronine (T3)

Which glands are parts of the endocrine system? (Select all that apply) a. Thyroid b. Occipital c. Parathyroid d. Adrenal E. Pituitary

a. Thyroid c. Parathyroid d. Adrenal e. Pituitary

Vasopressin is?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A patient has a low serum cortisol level. Which hormone would you expect to be secreted to correct this? a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone c. Parathyroid hormone d. Antidiuretic hormone

b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which is the major function of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex? a. "Flight or flight" response b. Control of potassium, sodium, and water c. Regulation of cell growth d. Calcium and stress regulation

b. Control of potassium, sodium, and water

What is the name of the substance secreted by the endocrine glands? a. Vasoactive amines b. Chemotaxins c. Hormones d. Cytotoxins

c. Hormones

A client who has been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has been stabilized with daily insulin injections. Which teaching information should the nurse reinforce upon discharge? 1.Keep insulin vials refrigerated at all times. 2.Rotate the insulin injection sites systematically. 3.Increase the amount of insulin before unusual exercise. 4.Monitor the urine acetone level to determine the insulin dosage.

2. Rotate the insulin injection sites systematically.

The nurse reinforces teaching with a client with diabetes mellitus regarding differentiating between hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. The client demonstrates an understanding of the teaching by stating that glucose will be taken if which symptom develops? 1.Polyuria 2.Shakiness 3.Blurred vision 4.Fruity breath odor

2. Shakiness

The nurse is collecting data regarding a client after a thyroidectomy and notes that the client has developed hoarseness and a weak voice. Which nursing action is appropriate? 1.Check for signs of bleeding. 2.Administer calcium gluconate. 3.Notify the registered nurse immediately. 4.Reassure the client that this is usually a temporary condition.

4. Reassure the client that this is usually a temporary condition.

Absence of menstrual periods

Amenorrhea

Double vision

Diplopia

Painful intercourse

Dyspareunia

Risk for hypertension or throbosis is increased with?

Estrogen therapy, especially among smokers.

Problems in pituitary gland result in changes in?

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) controls?

Growth, metabolic activity, and sexual development

Decreased production of ALL of the anterior pituitary hormones?

Panhypopituitarism (Rare)

Most effective routes of androgen replacement are?

Parenteral and Transdermal

Most common cause of hyperpituitarism is?

Pituitary adenoma

Pituitary hormones may be oversecreted?

Pituitary hyperfunction

Pituitary hormones may be undersecreted?

Pituitary hypofunction

Problems within the anterior pituitary gland itself?

Primary pituitary dysfunction

Androgen therapy is avoided in men with?

Prostate cancer

Problems in hypothalamus that change pituitary function?

Secondary pituitary dysfunction

If only one hormone is affected, the condition is known as?

Selective hypopituitarism

Presence of male secondary sex characteristics?

Virilization

Which hormone is directly suppressed when circulating levels of cortisol are above normal? a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) b. ADH c. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) d. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH)

a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Which assessment findings does the nurse monitor in response to catecholamines released by the adrenal medulla? (Select all that apply) a. Increased heart rate related to vasoconstriction b. Increased blood pressure related to vasoconstriction c. Increased perspiration d. Constriction of pupils e. Increased blood glucose in response to glycogenolysis

a. Increased heart rate related to vasoconstriction b. Increased blood pressure related to vasoconstriction c. Increased perspiration e. Increased blood glucose in response to glycogenolysis

Which hormone responds to a low serum calcium blood level by increasing bone resorption? a. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) b. T4 c. T3 d. Calcitonin

a. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The anterior pituitary gland secretes tropic hormones in response to which hormones from the hypothalamus? a. Releasing hormones b. Target tissue hormones c. Growth hormones d. Demand hormones

a. Releasing hormones

Which statements about the adrenal glands are correct? (Select all that apply) a. The cortex secretes androgens in men and women b. Catecholamines are secreted from the cortex c. Glucocorticoids are secreted by the medulla d. The medulla secretes hormones essential for life e. The cortex secretes aldosterone that maintains extracellular fluid volume

a. The cortex secretes androgens in men and women e. The cortex secretes aldosterone that maintains extracellular fluid volume

Which statements about the pituitary glands are correct? (Select all that apply) a. The main role of the anterior pituitary is to secrete tropic hormones b. The posterior pituitary gland stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus c. The anterior pituitary is connected to the thalamus gland d. The anterior pituitary releases stored hormones produced by the hypothalamus e. The anterior pituitary gland secretes gonadotropins

a. The main role of the anterior pituitary is to secrete tropic hormones b. The posterior pituitary gland stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus e. The anterior pituitary gland secretes gonadotropins

Which statements about hormones and the endocrine system are accurate? (Select all that apply) a. There are specific normal blood levels of each hormone b. Hormones exert their effects on specific target tissues c. Each hormone can bind with multiple receptor sites d. The endocrine system works independently to regulate homeostasis e. More than one hormone can be stimulated before the target tissue is affected

a. There are specific normal blood levels of each hormone b. Hormones exert their effects on specific target tissues e. More than one hormone can be stimulated before the target tissue is affected

Which mechanism is used to transport the substance produced by the endocrine glands to their target tissue? a. Lymph system b. Bloodstream c. Direct seeding d. Gastrointestinal system

b. Bloodstream

Which statements about the hormone cortisol being secreted by the adrenal cortex are accurate? (Select all that apply) a. Cortisol peaks occur late in the day, with lowest points 23 hours after each peak b. Cortisol has an effect on the body's immune function c. Stress causes an increase in the production of cortisol d. Blood levels of cortisol have no effect on it's secretion e. Cortisol affects carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism

b. Cortisol has an effect on the body's immune function c. Stress causes an increase in the production of cortisol e. Cortisol affects carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism

The maintenance of internal body temperature at approximately 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C) is an example of which endocrine process? a. "Lock and key" manner b. Neuroendocrine regulation c. Positive feedback mechanism d. Stimulus-response theory

b. Neuroendocrine regulation

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? (Select all that apply.) a. Testosterone b. Oxytocin c. Growth hormone (GH) d. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) e. Cortisol

b. Oxytocin d. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which statements about the thyroid gland and its hormones are correct? (Select all that apply) a. The gland is located in the posterior neck below the cricoid cartilage. b. The gland has two lobes joined by a thin tissue called the isthmus c. T4 and T3 are two thyroid hormones d. Thyroid hormones increase red blood cell production e. Thyroid hormone production depends on dietary intake of iodine and potassium

b. The gland has two lobes joined by a thin tissue called the isthmus c. T4 and T3 are two thyroid hormones d. Thyroid hormones increase red blood cell production

What are tropic hormones? a. Hormones that trigger female and male sex characteristics b. Hormones that have a direct effect on final target issues c. Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulate other endocrine glands d. Hormones that are synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland

c. Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulate other endocrine glands

Which statement about the glands is correct? a. Gonads are reproductive glands found in males only b. The function of the hormones begins at birth in low, undetectable levels c. The placenta secretes testosterone for the development of male external genitalia d. External genitalia maturation is stimulated by gonadotropins during puberty

d. External genitalia maturation is stimulated by gonadotropins during puberty

The target tissue for ADH is which organ? a. Hypothalamus b. Thyroid c. Ovary d. Kidney

d. Kidney

Which statement about pituitary hormones is correct? a. ACTH acts on the adrenal medulla b. Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates sperm production in men c. Growth hormone promotes protein catabolism d. Vasopressin decreases systolic blood pressure

d. Vasopressin decreases systolic blood pressure